scholarly journals Effects of Larval Density on Plutella xylostella Resistance to Granulosis Virus

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 857
Author(s):  
Hailong Kong ◽  
Zhonglin Liu ◽  
Pingjun Yang ◽  
Lin Yuan ◽  
Wanghui Jing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Granulosis Virus ◽  
Total Hemocyte Count ◽  
Rearing Density ◽  
Future Management

It has been reported that some phase-polyphenic insects from high-density conditions are more resistant to pathogens than those from low-density conditions. This phenomenon is termed “density-dependent prophylaxis” (DDP). However, whether non phase-polyphenic insects exhibit DDP has rarely been elucidated. The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, one of the most destructive insect pests affecting cruciferous crops, is non phase-polyphenic. In this study, the resistance of DBM larvae to P. xylostella granulosis virus (Plxy GV) and their immune response to the virus when reared at densities of 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 larvae per Petri dish were investigated under laboratory conditions. Compared with larvae reared at lower densities, larvae reared at moderate density showed a significantly higher survival rate, but the survival rate significantly decreased with further increases in rearing density. Furthermore, the phenoloxidase, lysozyme and antibacterial activity and total hemocyte count in the hemolymph of the larvae, regardless of whether they were challenged with the virus, from different larval densities corresponded to the observed differences in resistance to Plxy GV. These results demonstrated that P. xylostella larvae exhibited DDP within a certain limited density. This study may help to elucidate the biocontrol effect of different density populations of P. xylostella by granulosis virus and guide improvements in future management strategy.

scholarly journals Food availability and larval density affect ovarian development in Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Castelo Branco ◽  
Alexander G. Gatehouse
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Leaf Disk ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Insect Migration ◽  
Petri Dishes

The effect of Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella L.) population density and plant age on the rate of ovarian development was investigated. In tests carried out in Petri dishes, the density of larvae/leaf disk affected the rate of ovarian development. A high proportion of moths from larvae reared on leak disks from two or four-month-old spring cabbage at a density of seven or 14 larvae/leaf disk were mature at emergence. But moths reared at the same type of plant at a density of 28 larvae/leaf disk were largely immature at emergence. When the larvae were reared at a density of 30 larvae/plant on two or four-month-old spring cabbage plants, a high proportion of females were mature at emergence. Crowding has an important effect on the rate of ovarian development in Diamondback Moth with possible consequences for the migratory potential of moths, as insect migration generally occurs when the ovaries of the females are immature. The density of moths necessary to increase the proportion of immature females in the field is probably higher than 30 larvae/plant.

Effects of larval density on growth, development and reproduction of diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Long KONG ◽  
Yun-Xia ZHANG ◽  
Shu-De ZHU ◽  
Yong KONG ◽  
Lin WU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Growth Development

Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana M. Sarfraz
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
The World

Abstract The diamondback moth (DBM) is one of the most studied insect pests in the world, yet it is among the 'leaders' of the most difficult pests to control. It was the first crop insect reported to develop resistance to microbial Bacillus thuringiensis insecticides, and has shown resistance to almost every insecticide, including the most recent groups such as diamide. DBM is a highly invasive species. It may have its origin in Europe, South Africa or East Asia, but is now present wherever its cruciferous hosts exist and is considered to be the most universally distributed Lepidoptera. It is highly migratory and wind-borne adults can travel long distances to invade crops in other regions, countries and continents. Immature stages also hitchhike on plant parts and can establish in new areas. DBM costs the global economy an estimated US$4 -5 billion annually, but its impacts on local biodiversity and habitats in exotic ranges are unknown.

scholarly journals Impact of insecticides on the efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes against the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) on cabbage in northern Benin

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brice G. Sinhouenon ◽  
Hugues Baimey ◽  
Laura Wauters ◽  
Rufin Dossou ◽  
Regis B. Ahissou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

Description of the subject. The article deals with the study of compatibility of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species with insecticides currently used against diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella (L.) in northern Benin Objectives. The aim of this work was to determine the impact of five insecticides on the efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes against DBM larvae. Method. Infective juveniles (IJs) of two EPN species (Steinernema sp. 83a and Heterorhabditis sonorensis KF723827) were exposed to five insecticides used against P. xylostella larvae in Djougou for 48 h. The number of surviving nematodes was used to infest DBM larvae. The experiment was carried out under laboratory and semi-field conditions. Results. The bioassays carried out in laboratory showed that the survival rate of nematodes exposed to KARATE 2.5 WG, LAMBDA SUPER 2.5EC or neem oil ranges between 95% and 98%. In the treated plots, Steinernema sp. 83a was the most virulent with the highest P. xylostella mortality (87% at 50 IJs·cm-2 after 24 h) while only 35% larval mortality was recorded for H. sonorensis applied at the same dose. Population density of nematodes which penetrated DBM larvae reached 9 ± 3I IJs·larva-1 for H. sonorensis KF723827 and 6 ± 2 IJs·larva-1 for Steinernema sp. 83a. In cadaver of DBM, nematode reproduction did not appear to be affected by the contact with insecticides. Conclusions. Based on our research, we conclude that the three insecticides did not affect EPNs efficiency and could be used in combination against DBM.

scholarly journals Reproduksi, Fekunditas dan Lama Hidup Tiap Fase Perkembangan Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera : Ypnomeutidae) pada Beberapa Jenis Tumbuhan Cruciferae

Agrikultura ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenet Susniahti ◽  
Tarkus Suganda ◽  
Sudarjat Sudarjat ◽  
Danar Dono ◽  
Andhita Nadhirah
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Alternative Host ◽  
Diadegma Semiclausum ◽  
Rorippa Indica ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

ABSTRACTReproduction, fecundity and period of each growth phase of Plutella xylostella on some species of crucifersPlutella xylostella L. is one of major pests of cabbage (Brassica oleracea). P. xylostella, also known as diamondback moth, is an oligophagous with limited host only a crucifers. The pest often causes damage on the plant in the low to high altitude of the land. It is able to attack cabbage leaf from seedling to harvesting. An alternative controlling method that can be done is by using potential parasitoid, Diadegma semiclausum. Its application can be done using conservation technique through environment modification such as planting ornamental plants as parasitoid food source and alternative host for P. xylostella. The research aimed to find alternative host for P. xylostella. Experiment was conducted at greenhouse of Department Plant Pests and Disease, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. Experiment was carried out by observation method using Randomized Blocked Design consisted of five treatments and four replications. The result demonstrated that Rorippa indica and Cardamine hirsuta were alternative host for P. xylostella. The average number of eggs laid on R. indica and C. hirsuta were 226.75 and 216.25 eggs, respectively. Survival rate of P. xylostella infested on R. indica was 32.50% whereas the survival rate of P. xylostella infested on C. hirsute was 28.75%. It can be concluded that P. xylostella was able to spend its whole life cycle on both plants.Keywords: Crucifers, Fecundity, Growth phase, P. xylostella, ReproductionABSTRAKPlutella xylostella L. merupakan salah satu hama utama kubis (Brassica oleracea). P. xylostella, juga dikenal sebagai Diamondback moth, yang bersifat oligofag dengan inang terbatas hanya pada tanaman kubis-kubisan. Hama ini sering menyebabkan kerusakan tanaman pada dataran rendah dan tinggi. Hama ini dapat menyerang pertanaman kubis pada saat bibit sampai panen. Sebuah metode pengendalian alternatif yang bisa dilakukan adalah dengan menggunakan parasitoid, Diadegma semiclausum. Penerapannya dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik konservasi melalui modifikasi lingkungan seperti menanam tanaman hias sebagai sumber pakan untuk parasitoid dan inang alternatif untuk P. xylostella. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan inang alternative dari P. xylostella. Percobaan dilakukan di rumah kaca Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran. Percobaan ini dilakukan dengan metode observasi menggunakan RancanganAcak Kelompok yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dengan 4 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Rorippa indica dan Cardamine hirsuta merupakan inang alternatif bagi P. xylostella. Rata-rata jumlah telur yang diletakan pada R. indica dan C. hirsuta adalah 226, 75 dan 216,25 butir. Kelulusan hidup P.xylostella yang di-infestasikan pada R. indica adalah 32,50% dan pada C. hirsuta adalah 28,75%. serta pada kedua jenis tanaman tersebut, P.xylostella dapat menyelesaikan seluruh siklus hidupnya.Kata Kunci : Cruciferae, Fase perkembangan, Fekunditas, P. xylostella, Reproduksi

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