scholarly journals Monitoring Chilecomadia valdiviana (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) Using Sex Pheromone-Baited Traps in Apple Orchards in Chile

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 511
Author(s):  
Wilson Barros-Parada ◽  
Eduardo Fuentes-Contreras ◽  
Jan Bergmann ◽  
Heidy Herrera ◽  
Takeshi Kinsho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Trap Location ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Chilecomadia valdiviana (Philippi) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) is a native xylophagous pest in apple orchards in Chile. A series of experiments evaluated the efficacy of trap type, sex pheromone (Z7,Z10-16:Ald) dose, and trap location in the apple tree canopy on trap catch of male adults. Bucket traps (6 L), with and without roof and cross vane spacers, together with bucket traps (20 L) without roof and spacers, showed higher catches among the four types of traps evaluated. In a second experiment, the UNI-trap and Delta trap showed higher catches than Multipher, wing, and bucket traps (6 L). Male catches were not affected by height when tested at 0, 1.5, and 3 m in the canopy. A 300 µg dose of Z7,Z10-16:Ald showed higher catch than the control treatment. This dose allowed monitoring of male flight of C. valdiviana for at least five weeks in apple orchards in Chile. Based on relative trap costs, we propose the use of 6 L bucket traps for male mass trapping, while Delta traps can be used for monitoring of male flight. We found that male flight of C. valdiviana occurred mainly from mid-August to late November, reaching its maximum in mid-September.

Diversity and abundance of arthropod by-catch in semiochemical-baited traps targeting apple clearwing moth (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) in organic and conventional apple orchards in British Columbia, Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Marius Aurelian ◽  
Maya L. Evenden ◽  
Gary J.R. Judd
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Apple Industry ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Clearwing Moth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
By Catch

AbstractApple clearwing moth (ACM),Synanthedon myopaeformis(Borkhausen) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), is an invasive species and destructive pest of commercial apple trees in British Columbia (BC), Canada. Mass trapping with Concord grape juice and sex pheromone is being developed as an organic pest management tactic. We quantified the diversity and abundance of arthropod by-catch in these traps during the 2009 flight (13 June–31 July) of ACM. Paired traps were deployed in organic and conventionally managed apple orchards planted using different tree densities representing the extremes of the current BC apple industry. Using seasonal by-catch and community-level statistical analyses we determined that family communities of arthropods caught in juice-baited and pheromone-baited traps differed significantly. Yellow juice-baited traps caught a greater variety of arthropod families in greater abundance than pheromone-baited yellow Unitraps®. We show that for each trap type, family communities caught in organic versus conventional orchards were significantly different. Organic orchard management affected abundance of some beneficial taxa, but the sign of the difference depended on the taxon examined (e.g., ladybeetles increased versus lacewings declined). Tree density had no effect on by-catch. Managing ACM by mass trapping may be detrimental to ecosystem services because many nontarget beneficial species are caught. A balanced risk-to-benefit approach should be taken before this technology is widely implemented against ACM.

Spectral discrimination by Synanthedon myopaeformis (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) when orienting to traps baited with sex pheromone or feeding attractants

2013 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary J.R. Judd ◽  
Chelsea Eby
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Spectral Discrimination ◽  
Clearwing Moth ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Adult Mass ◽  
Group 1

AbstractApple clearwing moth, Synanthedon myopaeformis (Borkhausen) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), is an invasive species in Canada and a destructive pest of commercial apple trees in British Columbia. Adult mass trapping is being developed to help organic apple producers manage this pest. We manipulated and measured spectral reflectance from delta traps, unitraps, and bottle traps used to deploy sex pheromone, phenylacetaldehyde, and grape juice mass-trapping baits and compared catches in baited traps having different reflectance properties. Synanthedon myopaeformis did not discriminate among pheromone-baited delta traps painted yellow, green, or white, from those left clear (group 1), nor among those painted purple, blue, red, or black (group 2). Catches by all treatments in group 1 were significantly greater than all in group 2. Catches in pheromone-baited delta traps were positively correlated with their intensity of green wavelength reflectance (500–550 nm). Fluorescent yellow delta traps reflected more green and ultraviolet (300–400 nm) light than standard yellow or green traps but caught significantly fewer moths when baited with pheromone, implying an antagonistic interaction of green versus ultraviolet-sensitive behaviours. Pheromone-baited all-yellow unitraps caught significantly more moths than equivalent all-green, all-white, or all-red unitraps. Catches in pheromone-baited all-yellow unitraps decreased when any component (lid, funnel, or bucket) was replaced with a green one. Changing the intensity or quality of reflectance from funnels had the greatest impact on unitrap catches (82% reduction). Spectral preferences were modulated by odours eliciting different behaviours (mating versus feeding). When baited with the floral feeding odour phenylacetaldehyde, yellow and green delta traps were among the least attractive, whereas black and blue traps were among the most attractive. When baited with grape juice food baits, black bottle traps caught significantly more moths than any other colour except white, and the former are recommended for maximising mass trapping of females while minimising nontarget impacts of juice baits.

Factors affecting catch of the black-headed caterpillar, Opisina arenosella Walker in sex pheromone-baited traps and evidence for population suppression by mass trapping

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrashekharaiah Muniyappa ◽  
Karumuru Raja Madhura Bhanu ◽  
Akshay Kumar Chakravarthy ◽  
Prabhakara Muttuvalli Seetharama ◽  
Prashant Mangalgikar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Opisina Arenosella ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Population Suppression

Development of kairomone-based lures and traps targeting Spilonota ocellana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in apple orchards treated with sex pheromones

2017 ◽  
Vol 149 (5) ◽  
pp. 662-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary J.R. Judd ◽  
Alan. L. Knight ◽  
Ashraf M. El-Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Organic Mass ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
Release Devices

AbstractSpilonota ocellana (Denis and Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) can be a serious pest of organic apples (Malus domestica Borkhausen (Rosaceae)) in British Columbia, Canada. Recent discovery that S. ocellana moths are attracted by a lure combining acetic acid (AA) and benzyl nitrile (BN), identified as a caterpillar-induced apple leaf volatile, provides an opportunity to develop bisexual mass-trapping or monitoring systems. Sticky white delta traps baited with benzyl nitrile (10 mg/red rubber septum) and an acetic-acid co-lure (3 mL AA/3-mm open 8-mL vial) caught significantly more moths than either component alone. Acetic-acid co-lures were weakly attractive but benzyl-nitrile-loaded septa were not attractive. Moth catches with AA+BN lures were unaffected by the size and type of rubber septum used to release benzyl nitrile, but catches increased with increasing loads of benzyl nitrile. Male and total moth catches were maximised using membrane release devices loaded with a mixture of benzyl nitrile and a second caterpillar-induced volatile, 2-phenylethanol (PET), in combination with an acetic-acid co-lure (AA+BN-PET). Female catches with AA+BN-PET and AA+BN lures were equivalent. Placing AA+BN lures in traps baited with female sex pheromone lures reduced male catches, but female catches were unchanged. When sticky liners were replaced weekly, white delta traps baited with AA+BN lures caught more moths than similarly baited white Multipher®-I bucket traps, or transparent UnitrapsTM. Multipher-I traps with a propylene glycol killing agent (250 mL) caught more moths than those with Vapona insecticide strips. In apple orchards treated with mating disruption sex pheromones, traps baited with AA+BN caught slightly more total moths than traps baited with sex pheromone. Weekly, total male+female moth catches with either AA+BN or sex pheromone lures showed similar seasonal patterns in both untreated and pheromone-disrupted orchards, respectively. Long-lasting release devices and an organic killing agent are needed to develop certified organic mass-trapping technologies for management of S. ocellana with the AA+BN kairomone.

Female sex pheromone of brinjal fruit and shoot borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): trap optimization and application in IPM trials

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cork ◽  
S.N. Alam ◽  
F.M.A. Rouf ◽  
N.S. Talekar
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Female Sex Pheromone ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Leucinodes Orbonalis ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Fruit Damage ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractDelta and wing traps baited with synthetic female sex pheromone of Leucinodes orbonalis Guenée were found to catch and retain ten times more moths than either Spodoptera or uni-trap designs. Locally-produced water and funnel traps were as effective as delta traps, although ‘windows’ cut in the side panels of delta traps significantly increased trap catch from 0.4 to 2.3 moths per trap per night. Trap catch was found to be proportional to the radius of sticky disc traps in the range 5–20 cm radius, discs with a 2.5 cm radius caught no moths. Wing traps placed at crop height caught significantly more moths than traps placed 0.5 m above or below the crop canopy. Replicated integrated pest management (IPM) trials (3 × 0.5 ha per treatment) were conducted in farmers fields with young and mature eggplant crops. Farmers applied insecticides at least three times a week in all check and IPM plots. In addition pheromone traps were placed out at a density of 100 per ha and infested shoots removed weekly in the 0.5 ha IPM plots. Pheromone trap catches were reduced significantly from 2.0 to 0.4 moths per trap per night respectively in check and IPM plots in a young crop and 1.1 to 0.3 moths per trap per night in check and IPM plots respectively in a mature crop. Fruit damage was significantly reduced from an average of 41.8% and 51.2% in check plots of young and mature crops respectively to 22% and 26.4 respectively in the associated IPM plots. Significant differences in pheromone trap catches and fruit damage were attained four and two weeks respectively after IPM treatments began in the mature crop whereas in the immature crop significant differences were not observed for the first eight to nine weeks respectively. The relative impact of removing infested shoots and mass trapping on L. orbonalis larval populations was not established in these trials but in both cases there was an estimated increase of approximately 50% in marketable fruit obtained by the combination of control techniques compared to insecticide treatment alone.

Potential of ethyl (2E,4Z)-2,4-decadienoate for monitoring activity of codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in eastern North American apple orchards

2005 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Trimble ◽  
Ashraf M. El-Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Monitoring Activity

AbstractIn Ontario apple orchards, the amount of synthetic codling moth (Cydia pomonella (L., 1758)) sex pheromone, E,E-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (0.01–10.0 mg) used to bait traps significantly affected the mean total numbers of moths captured, whereas similar mean total numbers of moths were captured in traps baited with different amounts of pear-derived kairomone, ethyl (2E,4Z)-2,4-decadienoate (0.01–10.0 mg). The attractiveness of kairomone-baited traps was not increased by using greater amounts (100 and 1000 mg) of this compound. The attractiveness of the pheromone was not enhanced by the addition of kairomone. Similar patterns of adult male seasonal activity were observed when using pheromone-baited traps and kairomone-baited traps. The potential usefulness of kairomone-baited traps in the integrated management of C. pomonella in Ontario apple orchards is discussed.

Mass trapping of apple leafminer, Phyllonorycter ringoniella with sex pheromone traps in apple orchards

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Li ◽  
Shubao Geng ◽  
Hanjie Chen ◽  
Chuleui Jung ◽  
Chunliang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Sex Pheromone Traps

scholarly journals Phytoremediation as a Prospective Method for Rehabilitation of Areas Contaminated by Long-Term Sewage Sludge Storage: The Greek Experience

2017 ◽  
pp. 836-853
Author(s):  
N. Suchkova ◽  
E. Darakas ◽  
J. Ganoulis ◽  
Y. Vergeles
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Samples

In this work the suitability of several plant species for phytoremediation under natural and artificially installed conditions was studied. Brassica napus, Medicago sativa, Zea mays, Triticum aestivum, and Hordeum vulgare were grown in pots with sewage sludge from Sindos Main WWTP in Thessaloniki and from Sindos Industrial WWTP in Thessaloniki, Greece. The first series of experiments included comparing measurements of various parameters for the above mentioned plants and the sludge to those for control samples (the same plants growing in compost). It was shown that shoot growth was less reduced in T. aestivum and H. vulgare than in the other plant species studied. B. napus had lower germination tax, followed by M. sativa with the lowest germination tax. Generally B. napus, giving less biomass production than Z. mays and T. aestivum, is characterised by a higher ability to accumulate heavy metals like Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cr, As and Hg. The second series of experiments included comparing measurements of various parameters of B. napus grown in sludge and treated each 7 days with metal solutions of Ni, Zn and Pb containing 10-2mg/l, 10-4mg/l, 10-6mg/l of each metal, to those for control plants treated with double distilled water. Results showed that shoot growth of B. napus were increased at treatments with lower concentrations of metals (10-6 mg/l) and control (treatment with d-distilled water). At the same time uptake of metal ions was increased with the concentration of the solution, i.e. at higher concentrations (10-2 mg/l). It is truly for Pb and Zn, transfer coefficient TC of which (indicates a plant’s potential to concentrate a metal) was quite high 15 % and 7 % correspondingly. It was noticed that B. napus has high ability to accumulate Cr, from the other hand it did not accumulate Ni (at present case).

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