scholarly journals The Intrinsic Cardiac Nervous System and Its Role in Cardiac Pacemaking and Conduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Laura Fedele ◽  
Thomas Brand
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cardiac Electrophysiology ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Cardiac Conduction ◽  
Pacemaker Activity ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Cardiac Pacemaking

The cardiac autonomic nervous system (CANS) plays a key role for the regulation of cardiac activity with its dysregulation being involved in various heart diseases, such as cardiac arrhythmias. The CANS comprises the extrinsic and intrinsic innervation of the heart. The intrinsic cardiac nervous system (ICNS) includes the network of the intracardiac ganglia and interconnecting neurons. The cardiac ganglia contribute to the tight modulation of cardiac electrophysiology, working as a local hub integrating the inputs of the extrinsic innervation and the ICNS. A better understanding of the role of the ICNS for the modulation of the cardiac conduction system will be crucial for targeted therapies of various arrhythmias. We describe the embryonic development, anatomy, and physiology of the ICNS. By correlating the topography of the intracardiac neurons with what is known regarding their biophysical and neurochemical properties, we outline their physiological role in the control of pacemaker activity of the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. We conclude by highlighting cardiac disorders with a putative involvement of the ICNS and outline open questions that need to be addressed in order to better understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the ICNS.

Anatomy and physiology of the atrioventricular node

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1957-1958
Author(s):  
M. J. Pekka Raatikainen
Keyword(s):  
Atrioventricular Node ◽  
Cardiac Conduction ◽  
Ventricular Rate ◽  
Pacemaker Activity ◽  
Av Block ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Specialized Tissue ◽  
Crucial Part ◽  
Decremental Conduction ◽  
Sinoatrial Node Dysfunction

The atrioventricular node (AVN) and the surrounding area is a crucial part of the cardiac conduction system. It consists of specialized tissue located at the base of the atrial septum within the triangle of Koch. The inherent physiological function of the AVN is to delay cardiac impulse propagation between the atria and the ventricles, and to function as a backup pacemaker in the setting of sinoatrial node dysfunction or advanced atrioventricular (AV) block. AV nodal conduction and pacemaker activity are under strict control by the autonomic nervous system. Due to the unique property of decremental conduction, the AVN protects the heart from an excessive ventricular rate during rapid atrial arrhythmias. On the other hand, the AVN is also an important source of brady- and tachyarrhythmias, and a target for various pharmacological and non-pharmacological arrhythmia therapies.

A review of cardiac autonomics: from pathophysiology to therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Julian ◽  
Blaine Prichard ◽  
Joseph Raco ◽  
Rahul Jain ◽  
Rohit Jain
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Stellate Ganglion ◽  
Cardiac Pacemaker ◽  
Cardiac Conduction ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Cardiac Electrical Activity ◽  
Extrinsic Innervation ◽  
Intrinsic Component

The effective management of cardiovascular diseases requires knowledge of intrinsic and extrinsic innervation of the heart and an understanding of how perturbations of said components affect cardiac function. The innate cardiac conduction system, which begins with cardiac pacemaker cells and terminates with subendocardial Purkinje fibers, is modulated by said systems. The intrinsic component of the cardiac autonomic nervous system, which remains incompletely elucidated, consists of intracardiac ganglia and interconnecting neurons that tightly regulate cardiac electrical activity. Extrinsic components of the autonomic nervous system, such as carotid baroreceptors and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, modulate sympathetic input to the heart through the stellate ganglion and parasympathetic input via the vagus nerve. There remains a need for additional therapies to treat conditions, such as advanced heart failure and refractory arrhythmias, and a better understanding of autonomics may be key to their development.

Analysis of ECG Signals to Investigate the Effect of a Humorous Audio-Visual Stimulus on Autonomic Nervous System and Heart of Females

2018 ◽  
pp. 239-256
Author(s):  
Karan Pande ◽  
Seemadri Subhadarshini ◽  
Deepanjali Gaur ◽  
Suraj Kumar Nayak ◽  
Kunal Pal
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Cardiac Electrophysiology ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Arma Model ◽  
Ecg Signals ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Rr Interval ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann

This chapter is an attempt to understand the effect of audio-visual stimulus with a humorous content on the cardiac electrophysiology. Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals were acquired from 11 female volunteers under the pre- and the post-stimulus conditions. Artificial neural network (ANN)-based classification of the ARMA model coefficients computed from the RR interval signals suggested significant variation in the autonomic nervous system activity. Analysis of the Gabor denoised ECG signals indicated a change in the electrical activity of the heart in the post-stimulus condition, which was confirmed by the ANN-based classification. Recurrence analysis of the RR interval suggested plausible differences of the cardiac activity amongst both the conditions. The audio-visual stimulus has resulted in significant alterations in the ANS and the cardiac physiology.

Condition of the psychoemotional and vegetative status at women with a repeated placental dysfuction

2016 ◽  
pp. 50-52
Author(s):  
D.A. Govseev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vegetative Nervous System ◽  
Previous Pregnancy ◽  
Placental Dysfunction ◽  
Vegetative Status

The objective: studying of features of the psychoemotional and vegetative status at women with placental dysfunction at the previous pregnancy. Patients and methods. Complex clinical-laboratory examination of 89 women, from which was conducted: control group – 42 obstetrically and somatically healthy multipara, delivery through natural patrimonial ways; І group – 47 women with placental dysfunction at the previous pregnancy. Carried out a cardiointervalografia by means of a single-channel electrocardiograph and used a scale questionnaire of a condition of the pregnant woman. Results. It is established that regulation of cardiac rhythm at women at the previous pregnancy happens to placental dysfunction in the conditions of an autonomous contour which controls normal work of heart and vegetative nervous system. Further, there is an expressed strain of regulatory mechanisms that is shown by centralization of management of cardiac activity and sharp rising of activity of sympathetic nervous system. At the final stage influence of the central contour considerably decreases and patofunctionale vegetative equilibrium is again formed. Conclusions. The received results need to be considered when developing tactics of conducting pregnancy at these women. Key words: placental dysfunction, vegetative and psychological status.

DEVELOPMENT OF A DEVICE FOR CONTROL OF THE STATE OF THE ORGANISM BASED ON PHOTOPLETISMOGRAPHY USING TECHNOLOGIES OF DIGITAL ADAPTIVE FILTRATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Алексей Дмитриевич Акишин ◽  
Иван Павлович Семчук ◽  
Александр Петрович Николаев
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Adaptive Filtering ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Optimal Algorithm ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Motion Artifacts ◽  
The Body ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Постоянно растущий интерес к разработке новых неинвазивных и безманжетных методов измерения параметров сердечной деятельности, использование которых давало бы возможность непрерывного и удаленного контроля сердечно-сосудистой системы, обуславливает актуальность данной работы. В многочисленных публикациях продолжаются обсуждения преимуществ и недостатков различных методов ранней диагностики сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Однако артефакты движения являются сильной помехой, мешающей точной оценке показателей функционирования сердечно-сосудистой системы. Одним из перспективных методов контроля является метод оценки физиологических параметров с использованием фотоплетизмографии. Данная статья посвящена разработке устройства для фотоплетизмографических исследований и алгоритмических методов обработки регистрируемых сигналов для обеспечения мониторинга сердечного ритма с заданной точностью. В работе используются технологии цифровой адаптивной фильтрации полученных сигналов для мониторинга сердечного ритма в условиях внешних механических и электрических помеховых воздействий, ухудшающих точностные характеристики системы, а также разработана архитектура системы и изготовлен макет устройства, который позволил провести измерения для определения оптимального алгоритма цифровой обработки сигналов. При использовании устройства применялись методы адаптивной фильтрации на основе фильтров Винера, фильтров на основе метода наименьших квадратов и Калмановской фильтрации. Разработанное устройство для фотоплетизмографических исследований обеспечило возможность мониторинга сердечного ритма с заданной точностью, контроля текущего состояния организма и может быть использовано в качестве средства диагностики заболеваний сердца The constantly growing interest in the development of new non-invasive and cuff-free methods for measuring the parameters of cardiac activity, the use of which would give the possibility of continuous and remote monitoring of the cardiovascular system, determines the relevance of this work. Numerous publications continue to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various methods of early diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. However, motion artifacts are a strong hindrance to the accurate assessment of the performance of the cardiovascular system. One of the promising control methods is the method for assessing physiological parameters using photoplethysmography. This article is devoted to the development of a device for photoplethysmographic studies and algorithmic methods for processing recorded signals to ensure monitoring of the heart rate with a given accuracy. The work uses technologies of digital adaptive filtering of the received signals to monitor the heart rate in conditions of external mechanical and electrical interference, which worsen the accuracy characteristics of the system, as well as the architecture of the system and a prototype of the device, which made it possible to carry out measurements to determine the optimal algorithm for digital signal processing. When using the device, the methods of adaptive filtering based on Wiener filters, filters based on the least squares method and Kalman filtering were used. The developed device for photoplethysmographic studies provided the ability to monitor the heart rate with a given accuracy, control the current state of the body and can be used as a means of diagnosing heart diseases

scholarly journals Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of genus Fritillaria—a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishrat Rashid ◽  
Ubaid Yaqoob
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Burning Sensation ◽  
Chest Injury ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Pharmaceutically Active Compounds ◽  
Dynamic Components

Abstract Background Genus Fritillaria is one among the biggest genera of family Liliaceae comprising of around 130–165 species. Fritillaria is viewed as a significant genus and a source of significant pharmaceutically active compounds utilized in conventional drugs by folklore. Fritillaria is utilized worldwide as medication and food. Different chemically dynamic components separated from genus Fritillaria, their phytochemistry with structure and pharmacology of these compounds have been extensively reviewed. Main body Fritillaria is utilized for treatment of dyspepsia, chest injury, tuberculosis, cough, asthma, gout, bronchitis, dysuria, sinus, boils, stomatitis, malaria, insanity, anaemia, immunity promoter, remedy for child emaciation, fever, burning sensation, phthisis and broncho-asthma, heart diseases, dysfunction of breathing and nervous system, etc. Different chemical components isolated from genus Fritillaria include around 120 alkaloids, 15 terpenoids as well as saponins, glycosides, volatile components, nucleosides, amino acids, nucleobases, flavonoids, fatty acids and so forth. Conclusions Many Fritillaria species have been utilized in traditional Chinese medication on account of their effects of clearing heat, moistening the lung, alleviating cough, asthma, tumours, scrofula and so on. Fritillaria is utilized for treatment of dyspepsia, chest injury, tuberculosis, cough, asthma, gout, bronchitis, dysuria, sinus, boils, stomatitis, malaria, insanity, anaemia, immunity promoter, remedy for child emaciation, also for fever, burning sensation, phthisis and broncho-asthma, heart diseases, dysfunction of breathing and nervous system, etc.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document