DEVELOPMENT OF A DEVICE FOR CONTROL OF THE STATE OF THE ORGANISM BASED ON PHOTOPLETISMOGRAPHY USING TECHNOLOGIES OF DIGITAL ADAPTIVE FILTRATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Алексей Дмитриевич Акишин ◽  
Иван Павлович Семчук ◽  
Александр Петрович Николаев
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Adaptive Filtering ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Optimal Algorithm ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Motion Artifacts ◽  
The Body ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Постоянно растущий интерес к разработке новых неинвазивных и безманжетных методов измерения параметров сердечной деятельности, использование которых давало бы возможность непрерывного и удаленного контроля сердечно-сосудистой системы, обуславливает актуальность данной работы. В многочисленных публикациях продолжаются обсуждения преимуществ и недостатков различных методов ранней диагностики сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Однако артефакты движения являются сильной помехой, мешающей точной оценке показателей функционирования сердечно-сосудистой системы. Одним из перспективных методов контроля является метод оценки физиологических параметров с использованием фотоплетизмографии. Данная статья посвящена разработке устройства для фотоплетизмографических исследований и алгоритмических методов обработки регистрируемых сигналов для обеспечения мониторинга сердечного ритма с заданной точностью. В работе используются технологии цифровой адаптивной фильтрации полученных сигналов для мониторинга сердечного ритма в условиях внешних механических и электрических помеховых воздействий, ухудшающих точностные характеристики системы, а также разработана архитектура системы и изготовлен макет устройства, который позволил провести измерения для определения оптимального алгоритма цифровой обработки сигналов. При использовании устройства применялись методы адаптивной фильтрации на основе фильтров Винера, фильтров на основе метода наименьших квадратов и Калмановской фильтрации. Разработанное устройство для фотоплетизмографических исследований обеспечило возможность мониторинга сердечного ритма с заданной точностью, контроля текущего состояния организма и может быть использовано в качестве средства диагностики заболеваний сердца The constantly growing interest in the development of new non-invasive and cuff-free methods for measuring the parameters of cardiac activity, the use of which would give the possibility of continuous and remote monitoring of the cardiovascular system, determines the relevance of this work. Numerous publications continue to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various methods of early diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. However, motion artifacts are a strong hindrance to the accurate assessment of the performance of the cardiovascular system. One of the promising control methods is the method for assessing physiological parameters using photoplethysmography. This article is devoted to the development of a device for photoplethysmographic studies and algorithmic methods for processing recorded signals to ensure monitoring of the heart rate with a given accuracy. The work uses technologies of digital adaptive filtering of the received signals to monitor the heart rate in conditions of external mechanical and electrical interference, which worsen the accuracy characteristics of the system, as well as the architecture of the system and a prototype of the device, which made it possible to carry out measurements to determine the optimal algorithm for digital signal processing. When using the device, the methods of adaptive filtering based on Wiener filters, filters based on the least squares method and Kalman filtering were used. The developed device for photoplethysmographic studies provided the ability to monitor the heart rate with a given accuracy, control the current state of the body and can be used as a means of diagnosing heart diseases

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF PHYSICAL LOAD ON PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION AND THE FUNCTIONAL STATUS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN BADMINTON PLAYERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
T Vorobieva ◽  
L Kharchenko ◽  
E Shamshualeeva
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Load ◽  
State University ◽  
Before And After

Aim. The article deals with studying the features of psychophysiological adaptation to physical load and the functional status of the cardiovascular system in badminton players. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in the premises of Dostoevsky Omsk State University during badminton training activities as a part of Omsk Higher Educational Establishments Spartakiadpreparation in September 2016 – May 2018. Fifteen students aged 18–19 years participated in the study on a voluntary basis. The study was conducted using the electronic surveys placed onhttps://onlinetestpad.com: the Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory and the Well-Being, Activity, Mood test. To establish the maximum anaerobic capacity of the body, the Margaria testwas used. A Zeugner’s polychromatic rapid test was used for establishing the emotional background. Results. The analysis of the results obtained revealed that the highest heart rate values were registered during a long badminton rally and reached 190 bpm. During pauses heart rate decreased to 160 bpm. A badminton rally of 4–6 seconds allowed maintaining the heart rate at 160 bpm.If followed by pauses heart rate decreased to 130 bpm. Assessing the mechanisms of psychophysiological adaptation and studying the subjective characteristics of situational and personal anxiety, well-being, performance and emotional background before and after training allow identifying athletes with different adaptation capacities and increasing their physical performance. Conclusion. The analysis of the results obtained demonstrated changes in psychophysiological adaptation and the functional status of the cardiovascular system. It was also revealed that physical load provoked stress in the mechanisms of psychophysiological adaptation.

scholarly journals The State of the Cardiovascular System of Qualified Table Tennis Athletes at the Stage of Competitive Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-236
Author(s):  
Ulizko V. M. ◽  
◽  
V. R. Kryzhanivsky ◽  
T. M. Zakharkevich ◽  
I. L. Belyavsky
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Frequency Component ◽  
The State ◽  
Autonomic Regulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Frequency Component

The condition of the cardiovascular system is one of the important criteria for assessing the impact of sports training on the human body. According to the indicators characterizing the state of the cardiovascular system, it is possible to trace the changes associated with fluctuations in the level of training, as well as to identify signs of overload as early as possible. The study of adaptive reactions of the cardiovascular system in athletes under physical activity is an important indicator for sports practice. The purpose of the study was to investigate the quantitative criteria for assessing the state of the cardiovascular system and approaches to correct the functional state of qualified athletes specializing in table tennis. Materials and methods. Studies of heart rate variability, quantitative and qualitative indicators that sufficiently reflect the autonomic functions of the body were used in order to assess the state of autonomic regulation in highly qualified athletes. Systematic physical activity causes a significant restructuring of the cardiovascular system and leads to morphofunctional changes in the mechanisms of the heart. Depending on the autonomic regulation of heart rhythm, there are different ways of myocardial adaptation processes. The balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic links of autonomic rhythm regulation is reflected in the activation of the left ventricle. Results and discussion. Adaptive changes of the cardiovascular system to competitive and training loads in the competitive period in qualified athletes are characterized by a significant decrease in heart rate (from 84.75±1.74 beats / min to 74.8±0.38 beats / min). In addition, a significantly faster process of restoring heart rate was established after exercise in the group of qualified athletes, compared with athletes of the category 1 at 4 (p >0.05) and 5 (p >0.05) minutes, respectively. According to the indicators of autonomic regulation of heart rhythm, activation of the parasympathetic link prevails in athletes of the category 1 in comparison with qualified athletes activation (according to high-frequency component, p <0.05). Significantly higher rates of individual parts of the body compared to low-skilled athletes were found out: the hormonal system (the indicator responsible for the hormonal part of the body – very low-frequency component) and the nervous system (indicators of the sympathetic nervous system – low frequency component). There are significantly higher values of the magnitude of the heart rate spectrum and high-frequency component at p <0.05, which indicates a higher power of all units of the parasympathetic regulation in the category 1 in relation to masters of sports and candidates masters of sports. Conclusion. Systematic physical activity causes a significant restructuring of the cardiovascular system and leads to morphofunctional changes in the mechanisms of the heart. Depending on the autonomic regulation of heart rhythm, there are different ways of myocardial adaptation processes. The balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic links of autonomic rhythm regulation is reflected in the activation of the left ventricle. The analysis showed that the spectral characteristics of heart rate variability significantly differ between groups of athletes with different dominance that are observed only in terms of high-frequency component, which in turn led to a change in the sympathetic-vagal balance

Analysis of Central Hemodynamic Parameters in Medical Students during the Pre-Examination Study Period

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
VA Belyayeva
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Central Hemodynamic

Background: One of the main negative factors of the educational environment is the increased stress impact on the cardiovascular system of students preparing for examinations. The cumulative effect of a long-term, systematic exposure to stressors may be accompanied by impaired mental and somatic health of students. The extent of response to stress is individual; it is usually determined by cardiovascular health and a complex of psychophysiological characteristics of the body. Objective: To study the main parameters of central hemodynamics in medical students depending on the body mass index and adaptive potential in the pre-examination study period Materials and methods: In spring–summer 2019, 170 medical students (young men and women aged 20.4 ± 0.3 years) with different adaptive potential of the circulatory system were surveyed during a pre-exam study period to establish their anthropometric indicators, blood pressure and heart rate and to further estimate the body mass index and the main central hemodynamics parameters. Results: The average heart rate of students during the pre-exam study period was 85.4 ± 12.21 beats per minute. The level of metabolic and energy processes in the myocardium was characterized as moderate with a tendency to insufficient functional capacity of the cardiovascular system (CI = 90.4 ± 1.22). Significant differences were revealed in a number of parameters un-der study depending on gender, body mass index (F = 3.99; p = 0.00890) and the adaptive potential of the circulatory system (F = 23.08; p = 0.00000). Conclusions: In the pre-examination study period, both the heart rate and the Kerdo index among the students were elevated, which indicates the predominance of sympathetic autonomic stress. The students with tense adaptation mechanisms demonstrated higher values of certain hemodynamic parameters. The pulse pressure and the Robinson index were higher in overweight students compared to their peers with a normal body mass index. None of the students with class 1 obesity had a satisfactory level of adaptation of the circulatory system. The analysis of central hemodynamic parameters enables the assessment of tolerance of the cardiovascular system of students to the burden of learning.

scholarly journals Effect suppresive therapy with levothyroxine on the state of the cardiovascular and sympathoadrenal systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-215
Author(s):  
T. A. Mityukova ◽  
T. A. Leonova ◽  
S. B. Kohan ◽  
A. A. Sivakov ◽  
O. E. Polulyach
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Suppressive Therapy ◽  
Subclinical Hyperthyroidism ◽  
Sympathoadrenal System

Thyroid hormones can affect the cardiovascular system directly by binding to nuclear thyroid receptors, as well as indirectly by changing the neuro – humoral status of the body as a whole. The aim of the work was to assess the effect of levothyroxine suppressive therapy on the regulation of the heart rate and activity of the sympathoadrenal system, as well as the level of cortisol in the blood of young patients with thyroid cancer. It is shown that the effect of suppressive therapy with levothyroxine on the state of the cardiovascular system is manifested in an increase in the risk of tachycardia and changes in heart rate variability associated with the body mass index. Patients with thyroid cancer had a sharp decrease in normetanephrine (norepinephrine metabolite) in the urine. The levels of metanephrine (metabolite of adrenaline) and dopamine in the urine was dependent on the tonus of the autonomic nervous system and blood pressure. The revealed shifts indicate that against the background of subclinical hyperthyroidism, the mechanisms aimed at stabilizing the heart rate and preventing the effects of hyperstimulation of thyroid and beta-adrenoreceptors of the myocardium are included.

scholarly journals HRV ANALYSIS USING ECG AS DATA SOURCE

2013 ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
RASHMI A. DESHPANDE
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Physical Phenomenon ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Ecg Signal ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Hrv Analysis

Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is a physical phenomenon where the time interval between heart beats varies. It is measured by the variation in the beat to beat interval. Abnormalities present in the time interval between R wave peaks in the Electro-cardiogram (ECG) indicate cardiac dysfunction. Autonomic Nervous System controls the cardiac activity of the body and provides the beat to beat regulation of the cardiovascular system. Thus Heart Rate Variability is an important tool to access autonomic function also. The source for HRV is a continuous beat to beat measurement of interbeat intervals. An ECG signal can be used as the data source for HRV analysis. In this study the HRV data is obtained from ECG signal and is processed to calculate spectral HRV index, LF/HF ratio.

scholarly journals A multi-point heart rate monitoring using a soft wearable system based on fiber optic technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Lo Presti ◽  
Francesca Santucci ◽  
Carlo Massaroni ◽  
Domenico Formica ◽  
Roberto Setola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Simultaneous Recording ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wearable System ◽  
Feasibility Assessment ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Sensor Configuration ◽  
Sensor Positioning

AbstractEarly diagnosis can be crucial to limit both the mortality and economic burden of cardiovascular diseases. Recent developments have focused on the continuous monitoring of cardiac activity for a prompt diagnosis. Nowadays, wearable devices are gaining broad interest for a continuous monitoring of the heart rate (HR). One of the most promising methods to estimate HR is the seismocardiography (SCG) which allows to record the thoracic vibrations with high non-invasiveness in out-of-laboratory settings. Despite significant progress on SCG, the current state-of-the-art lacks both information on standardized sensor positioning and optimization of wearables design. Here, we introduce a soft wearable system (SWS), whose novel design, based on a soft polymer matrix embedding an array of fiber Bragg gratings, provides a good adhesion to the body and enables the simultaneous recording of SCG signals from multiple measuring sites. The feasibility assessment on healthy volunteers revealed that the SWS is a suitable wearable solution for HR monitoring and its performance in HR estimation is strongly influenced by sensor positioning and improved by a multi-sensor configuration. These promising characteristics open the possibility of using the SWS in monitoring patients with cardiac pathologies in clinical (e.g., during cardiac magnetic resonance procedures) and everyday life settings.

scholarly journals ПОЛИМОРФИЗМ ГЕНОВ ДОФАМИНОВОГО ТРАНСПОРТЕРА И ДОФАМИНОВОГО РЕЦЕПТОРА D2 АССОЦИИРОВАН С ОСОБЕННОСТЯМИ ТЕЛОСЛОЖЕНИЯ*

2020 ◽  
pp. 232-248
Author(s):  
Александра Александровна Васильева ◽  
Василий Александрович Васильев ◽  
Марина Анатольевна Негашева
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Dopamine Transporter ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Dopamine D2 Receptor ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
D2 Receptor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Receptor Gene Polymorphisms

Одним из актуальных междисциплинарных направлений научных исследований является изучение механизмов, лежащих в основе формирования конституции человека. Полиморфизм генов нейромедиаторных систем довольно часто рассматривается в связи с различными аспектами состояния психики человека и особенностями телосложения. Цель исследования – поиск ассоциаций полиморфизма генов дофаминового транспортёра и дофаминового рецептора D2 с особенностями телосложения и функциональными характеристиками сердечно-сосудистой системы. Использованы материалы комплексного антропогенетического обследования 216 юношей и девушек в возрасте 16–23 лет, проведенного в республике Мордовии. Соматометрическая программа включала измерение длины и массы тела, обхватов талии и бёдер, толщины жировых складок на туловище и конечностях (под лопаткой, на плече, предплечье, животе, бедре и голени). Из функциональных показателей сердечно-сосудистой системы измерены систолическое и диастолическое артериальное давление, частота пульса. У всех респондентов собраны образцы буккального эпителия для генотипирования по локусу 3ˊ- UTR VNTR DAT1 дофаминового переносчика и по локусу DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A (rs1800497) дофаминового рецептора второго типа. С помощью U-критерия Манна-Уитни проведен сравнительный анализ средних значений морфофункциональных показателей в группах носителей различных генотипов исследуемых генов, по результатам которого выявлены достоверно значимые (p<0,05) ассоциации: у девушек, обладающих хотя бы одним аллелем 9 по локусу DAT1 выше значения массы тела и обхвата бедер; у девушек – носителей генотипа C/C по локусу DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A больше показатели массы тела, индекса массы тела, обхвата талии, жировых складок на животе, плече и бедре, а также выше частота пульса по сравнению с обладательницами других генотипов. Для юношей достоверных различий морфофункциональных признаков у носителей разных генотипов обнаружено не было. Выявленные ассоциации полиморфизма генов DAT1 и DRD2 c морфофункциональными характеристиками, возможно, обусловлены комплексным влиянием генетических факторов на формирование особенностей телосложения в процессе онтогенеза человека. Полученные результаты могут представлять интерес для исследователей, занимающихся изучением генетических основ морфологической конституции, а также могут быть использованы в персонализированной медицине One of the topical interdisciplinary areas of scientific research is the study of the mechanisms underlying the formation of the human constitution. The polymorphism of the neurotransmitter systems genes is quite often considered in connection with various aspects of the human psyche and physique. The aim of the present study is to search for the associations of the dopamine transporter and dopamine D2 receptor gene polymorphisms with physique and functional characteristics of the cardiovascular system. The anthropogenetic examination of 216 males and females aged 16-23 years was conducted in the Republic of Mordovia. The body length and weight, the waist and hips circumferences, the skinfolds thickness on the trunk and extremities were measured, while the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate were determined as the functional indicators of the cardiovascular system. All respondents were genotyped at the loci 3ˊ-UTR VNTR DAT1 of the dopamine transporter and DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A (rs1800497) of the second type dopamine receptor. Significant (p<0.05) associations were found using the Mann-Whitney U-test (a comparative analysis of the average values) of morphofunctional indicators in people with different genotypes of the studied genes. Females with at least one allele 9 at the DAT1 are characterized by higher body weight and waist circumference compared with those with genotype 9-. Female carriers of the C/C genotype at the DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A demonstrated higher indicators of body mass, body mass index, waist circumference, abdominal, triceps and thigh skinfolds, as well as a higher heart rate compared to other female genotypes. There were no significant differences in morphofunctional characteristics for males. The revealed associations of the polymorphism of the DAT1 and DRD2 with morphofunctional characteristics are probably due to the complex influence of genetic factors on the formation of body features. The results can be used in personalized medicine.

scholarly journals Luminescent Flash Avoidance in the Nocturnal Crab Portunus Xantusii: I. The Effects of Luminescence and Mechanical Stimulation on Heart Rate

1990 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 415-426
Author(s):  
MATTHEW S. GROBER
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cardiac Response ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Cardiac Responses

In crabs, the ratio of the heart rate before to that after sensory stimulation (the response ratio) provides a reliable indicator of the effects of sensory stimulation on cardiac activity. The nocturnally active crab Portunus xantusii (Stimpson) exhibits rapid decreases in heart rate in response to the luminescent flashes produced by the sea pansy Renilla kollikeri (Pfeffer) and to mechanical stimulation. Crabs move away from luminescent and mechanical stimuli and this behavior is well correlated with the cardiac responses. Therefore, cardiac response ratios can be used as a reliable bioassay to determine the components of sensory stimuli that are important in eliciting behavioral responses. The similar cardiac responses to both luminescent and mechanical stimuli suggest that a single command pathway may be responsiblefor triggering startle behavior in response to a wide variety of rapid, brief and intense sensory stimuli. Heart rate also varied depending on the body size of the crab and the ambient temperature. Small crabs had faster heart rates than larger crabs, and the relationship between heart rate and body size is described by the equation: fH=794.3x−059222, where fH is heart rate in beats per minute and x is carapace length in millimeters.Heart rate increased with increasing temperature over a range of 10–22 °C, but no further increases occurred at higher temperatures. The Q10 for the range 10–20°C was 1.8.

scholarly journals Evaluation of heart rate variability in patients with different forms of pulmonary hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Nasiba Kh. Qurbonbekova ◽  
Anna M. Kasparova ◽  
Elena Sh. Kozhemyakina ◽  
Alexander V. Sobolev ◽  
Tamila V. Martynyuk
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe pathology of the cardiovascular system with extremely poor prognosis, if unreated. Early diagnosis of PH is difficult, due to the absence pathognomonic symptoms, and at the initial stage the disease may be asymptomatic. An increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and pressure in the pulmonary artery cause severe dysfunction of the right ventricle, which affects the functional status of patients. The assessment of heart rate variability (HRV) parameters is used to predict the increased risk of sudden death in various diseases of the cardiovascular system and the functional status of the body. HRV is mainly regulated by the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. It is noted that pulmonary arterial hypertension is associated with increasing of sympathetic activity. The review, based on the analysis of the pathophysiological mechanisms of pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic PH, presents the results of studies assessing the time and spectral parameters of HRV in patients with PH of various etiologies.

Cardiovascular Consequences of a Mutant Thyroid Hormone Receptor α1

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Mittag ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

Thyroid hormone has long been known for its profound direct effects on the cardiovascular system, but its interactions with the autonomic nervous system controlling cardiac activity still remain enigmatic. Recently, mice heterozygous for a mutant thyroid hormone receptor α1 (TRα1+/m) have been generated and their analysis has provided new insights into the actions of thyroid hormone on the cardiovascular system. The mutant TRα1 caused many symptoms resembling hypothyroidism, such as bradycardia, as well as reduced contraction and delayed relaxation time of isolated cardiomyocytes. While no abnormalities were detected in the autonomic regulation of the basal heart rate using pharmacological denervation, an impaired adjustment of the autonomic nervous system could be observed in TRα1+/m mice on activity, stress or increased temperature. The results thus confirm the important role of TRα1 in maintaining the intrinsic properties of the heart and demonstrate a novel role for TRα1 in the adaptations of the autonomic nervous system controlling the heart rate under non-baseline conditions.

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