scholarly journals The Influence of State and Trait Anxiety on the Achievement of a Virtual Reality Continuous Performance Test in Children and Adolescents with ADHD Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2534
Author(s):  
Débora Areces ◽  
Celestino Rodríguez ◽  
Trinidad García ◽  
Marisol Cueli ◽  
Paloma González-Castro
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety

The three types of presentations of ADHD often co-occur with other disorders, anxiety being one of the most prevalent. For this reason and because there are few studies that have examined the influence of anxiety on attentional activities, this study aims to determine how internalizing difficulties (anxiety levels) can influence performance in a virtual reality continuous performance test. The study used a non-probabilistic clinical sample comprising 68 boys (66%) and 35 girls (34%) aged between 6 and 16 (M = 12.24; SD = 2.45) who had been referred to clinical services for the evaluation of ADHD symptoms. Once informed consent was given, the children were administered the STAI-C scale and a virtual reality continuous performance test by expert researchers. Hierarchical regression models showed that only state anxiety demonstrated significant explanatory power over attentional variables. These findings confirm how important it is for children to feel relaxed when they undergo psychological evaluation tests, as otherwise the individual’s intervention design would be based on biased data. Similarly, the findings also suggested an effect of IQ in the interpretation of continuous performance scores.

COMPARING ATTENTIONAL PERFORMANCE WITH CALIBRATED BAYES FACTORS IN A VIRTUAL REALITY-BASED CONTINUOUS PERFORMANCE TEST

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María Ruiz-Ruano García ◽  
Jorge López Puga ◽  
Beñat Lizarazu Rodrigo ◽  
Marta Moreno Oyarzabal ◽  
Amaia Aierbe Pombo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Bayes Factors ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Attentional Performance

scholarly journals Does the Continuous Performance Test Predict ADHD Symptoms Severity and ADHD Presentation in Adults?

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 840-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Baggio ◽  
Roland Hasler ◽  
Véronique Giacomini ◽  
Hiba El-Masri ◽  
Sébastien Weibel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Classification Error ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Specialized Center

Objective: Our study aimed to provide empirical evidence on the usefulness of one of the most popular neuropsychological tests, the Continuous Performance Test (CPT), as a marker of ADHD severity and presentations among adults. Method: ADHD participants were recruited in a specialized center for the diagnosis and treatment of adults suffering from ADHD ( n = 201). Measures included the CPT3™ and ADHD symptoms using a clinical interview and self-reported measures. Results: Only 51.7% of the participants were classified as likely to have a disorder characterized by attention deficit, such as ADHD, by the CPT. The relationships between CPT variables and ADHD symptoms were small. The classification error was 80.3% for the inattentive presentation and 22.5% for the hyperactive presentation when using the CPT to identify ADHD presentations. Conclusion: There was no evidence of the clinical utility of the CPT to assess or monitor ADHD in adult populations diagnosed and treated for ADHD.

Methylphenidate Reduces State Anxiety During a Continuous Performance Test That Distinguishes Adult ADHD Patients From Controls

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuval Bloch ◽  
Shai Aviram ◽  
Aviv Segev ◽  
Uri Nitzan ◽  
Yechiel Levkovitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Effective Therapy ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Functional Difficulties

Objective: We hypothesized that patients with ADHD were typified by distress more than by functional difficulties. Thus, a decline in state anxiety while performing a cognitive task when taking methylphenidate would discriminate between ADHD patients and controls. Method: State anxiety and cognitive performance on a continuous performance test were assessed in ADHD patients and controls with and without taking methylphenidate. Results: State anxiety and cognitive performance improved from baseline in 36 ADHD adults after taking methylphenidate. In 25 controls, cognitive performance improved, but state anxiety did not abate after a recess. In two additional studies, 5 controls were evaluated at baseline and after receiving methylphenidate, and showed improvement in cognitive assessment but not in state anxiety. Five ADHD adults were assessed at baseline and after a recess, and showed no improvement. Conclusion: Our results support the hypothesis that adult ADHD patients are characterized by distress and the relief of this distress under effective therapy as expressed by a decline in state anxiety while they perform a cognitive task.

Continuous Performance Test II outcomes in 11-year-old children with early ADHD symptoms: A longitudinal study.

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica López-Vicente ◽  
Jordi Sunyer ◽  
Joan Forns ◽  
Maties Torrent ◽  
Jordi Júlvez
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Adhd Symptoms

The Utility of a Continuous Performance Test Embedded in Virtual Reality in Measuring ADHD-Related Deficits

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehuda Pollak ◽  
Patricia L. Weiss ◽  
Albert A. Rizzo ◽  
Merav Weizer ◽  
Liron Shriki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance

AULA virtual reality test as an attention measure: Convergent validity with Conners’ Continuous Performance Test

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unai Díaz-Orueta ◽  
Cristina Garcia-López ◽  
Nerea Crespo-Eguílaz ◽  
Rocío Sánchez-Carpintero ◽  
Gema Climent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Conners Continuous Performance Test

Relationships Between Continuous Performance Task Scores and Other Cognitive Measures: Causality or Commonality?

Assessment ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen P. Aylward ◽  
Michael Gordon ◽  
Steven J. Verhulst
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Psychological Testing ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Performance Task ◽  
Academic Tasks

Relationships among continuous performance test, IQ, achievement, and memory/learning scores were explored in a clinical sample of 1,280 children ( M age = 9.4 years, M grade = 3.9). Intercorrelations among CPT measures were significant, but modest. Correlations between CPT measures and IQ, achievement, and memory/learning scores were also significant, but again generally weak. The CPT number correct scores were more strongly related to other cognitive measures than were commission (i.e., responding to incorrect stimuli) scores. The breadth and extent of associations among the CPT measures and the various cognitive/academic tasks suggest that all, to some extent, require attention and inhibition. The importance of routinely assessing attention and disinhibition in psychological testing is discussed.

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