scholarly journals Impact of Epithelial–Mesenchymal Immunophenotype on Local Aggressiveness in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Invading the Airway

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 4351
Author(s):  
Martina Mandarano ◽  
Marco Andolfi ◽  
Renato Colella ◽  
Massimo Monacelli ◽  
Andrea Polistena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Radical Resection ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Carcinomas ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon ◽  
Effective Therapeutic Option ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Lower Expression ◽  
E Cadherin

Primary thyroid tumours show different levels of aggressiveness, from indolent to rapidly growing infiltrating malignancies. The most effective therapeutic option is surgery when radical resection is feasible. Biomarkers of aggressiveness may help in scheduling extended resections such as airway infiltration, avoiding a non-radical approach. The aim of the study is to evaluate the prognostic role of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and CD147 in different biological behaviours. Fifty-five samples from three groups of thyroid carcinomas were stained: papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) infiltrating the airway (PTC-A), papillary intra-thyroid carcinomas (PTC-B) and poorly differentiated or anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (PDTC/ATC). High expressions of N-cadherin and AhR were associated with higher locoregional tumour aggressiveness (p = 0.005 and p < 0.001 respectively); PDTC/ATC more frequently showed a high expression of CD147 (p = 0.011), and a trend of lower expression of E-cadherin was registered in more aggressive neoplasms. Moreover, high levels of AhR were found with recurrent/persistent diseases (p = 0.031), particularly when tumours showed a concomitant high N-cadherin expression (p = 0.043). The study suggests that knowing in advance onco-biological factors with a potential role to discriminate between different subsets of patients could help the decision-making process, providing a more solid therapeutic indication and an increased expectation for radical surgery.

The Need for Consensus About Liver Transplantation For Patients With Neuropsychiatric Wilson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 152692482110028
Author(s):  
Alberto Ferrarese ◽  
Patrizia Burra
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Wilson’S Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Copper Metabolism ◽  
Wilson's Disease ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Neurological Improvement ◽  
Effective Therapeutic Option

Liver transplantation is considered an effective therapeutic option for Wilson’s disease (WD) patients with hepatic phenotype, since it removes the inherited defects of copper metabolism, and is associated with excellent graft and patient outcomes. The role of liver transplantation in WD patients with mixed hepatic and neuropsychiatric phenotype has remained controversial over time, mainly because of high post-operative complications, reduced survival and a variable, unpredictable rate of neurological improvement. This article critically discusses the recently published data in this field, focussing in more detail on isolated neuropsychiatric phenotype as a potential indication for liver transplantation in WD patients.

scholarly journals Anti-neoplastic Potential of Flavonoids and Polysaccharide Phytochemicals in Glioblastoma

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (21) ◽  
pp. 4895
Author(s):  
Ayesha Atiq ◽  
Ishwar Parhar
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Initiation Phase ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Effective Therapeutic Option ◽  
Patient Prognosis

Clinically, gliomas are classified into four grades, with grade IV glioblastoma multiforme being the most malignant and deadly, which accounts for 50% of all gliomas. Characteristically, glioblastoma involves the aggressive proliferation of cells and invasion of normal brain tissue, outcomes as poor patient prognosis. With the current standard therapy of glioblastoma; surgical resection and radiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide, it remains fatal, because of the development of drug resistance, tumor recurrence, and metastasis. Therefore, the need for the effective therapeutic option for glioblastoma remains elusive. Previous studies have demonstrated the chemopreventive role of naturally occurring pharmacological agents through preventing or reversing the initiation phase of carcinogenesis or arresting the cancer progression phase. In this review, we discuss the role of natural phytochemicals in the amelioration of glioblastoma, with the aim to improve therapeutic outcomes, and minimize the adverse side effects to improve patient’s prognosis and enhancing their quality of life.

Diagnostic and Prognostic Role of HBME-1, Galectin-3, and β-Catenin in Poorly Differentiated and Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinomas

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther D. Rossi ◽  
Patrizia Straccia ◽  
Marianna Palumbo ◽  
Egidio Stigliano ◽  
Luca Revelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Role ◽  
Thyroid Carcinomas ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Poorly Differentiated

Role of P53, E-cadherin and BRAF as predictors of regional nodal recurrence for papillary thyroid cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadiga M. Ali ◽  
Shadi Awny ◽  
Dina Abdallah Ibrahim ◽  
Islam H. Metwally ◽  
Omar Hamdy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Nodal Recurrence ◽  
Regional Nodal Recurrence ◽  
E Cadherin

The role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in papillary thyroid carcinomas

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 733-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Cunha ◽  
F. A. Soares ◽  
J. Vassallo ◽  
L. S. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Carcinomas ◽  
Infiltrating Lymphocytes

scholarly journals Impairment of the p27kip1 function enhances thyroid carcinogenesis in TRK-T1 transgenic mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Fedele ◽  
Dario Palmieri ◽  
Gennaro Chiappetta ◽  
Rosa Pasquinelli ◽  
Ivana De Martino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Double Mutant ◽  
Null Allele ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Mutant Mice ◽  
Proliferation Index ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Carcinomas

Impairment of the p27kip1 function, caused by a drastic reduction of its expression or cytoplasmic mislocalization, has been frequently observed in thyroid carcinomas. To understand the role of p27kip1 impairment in thyroid carcinogenesis, we investigated the consequences of the loss of p27kip1 expression in the context of a mouse modeling of papillary thyroid cancer, expressing the TRK-T1 oncogene under the transcriptional control of thyroglobulin promoter. We found that double mutant mice homozygous for a p27kip1 null allele (TRK-T1/p27−/−) display a higher incidence of papillary thyroid carcinomas, with a shorter latency period and increased proliferation index, compared with p27kip1 wild-type compounds (TRK-T1/p27+/+). Consistently, double mutant mice heterozygous for a p27kip1 null allele (TRK-T1/p27+/−) show an incidence of thyroid carcinomas that is intermediate between TRK-T1/p27−/− and TRK-T1/p27+/+ mice. Therefore, our findings suggest a dose-dependent role of p27kip1 function in papillary thyroid cancer development.

scholarly journals The Long Non-Coding RNA Prader Willi/Angelman Region RNA5 (PAR5) Is Downregulated in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinomas Where It Acts as a Tumor Suppressor by Reducing EZH2 Activity

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Pellecchia ◽  
Romina Sepe ◽  
Myriam Decaussin-Petrucci ◽  
Cristina Ivan ◽  
Masayoshi Shimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
P Value ◽  
Thyroid Carcinomas ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna ◽  
E Cadherin

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) represents one the most aggressive neoplasias in humans, and, nowadays, limited advances have been made to extend the survival and reduce the mortality of ATC. Thus, the identification of molecular mechanism underlying its progression is needed. Here, we evaluated the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression profile of nine ATC in comparison with five normal thyroid tissues by a lncRNA microarray. By this analysis, we identified 19 upregulated and 28 downregulated lncRNAs with a fold change >1.1 or <−1.1 and p-value < 0.05, in ATC samples. Some of them were subsequently validated by qRT-PCR. Then, we investigated the role of the lncRNA Prader Willi/Angelman region RNA5 (PAR5), drastically and specifically downregulated in ATC. The restoration of PAR5 reduces proliferation and migration rates of ATC-derived cell lines indicating that its downregulation contributes to thyroid cancer progression. Our results suggest that PAR5 exerts its anti-oncogenic role by impairing Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) oncogenic activity since we demonstrated that PAR5 interacts with it in thyroid cancer cell lines, reducing EZH2 protein levels and its binding on the E-cadherin promoter, relieving E-cadherin from the negative regulation by EZH2. Consistently, EZH2 is overexpressed in ATC, but not in differentiated thyroid carcinomas. The results reported here define a tumor suppressor role for PAR5 in undifferentiated thyroid neoplasias, further highlighting the pivotal role of lncRNAs in thyroid carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals Expression of miRNAs in Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas Is Associated withBRAFMutation and Clinicopathological Features in Chinese Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Sun ◽  
Shuang Yu ◽  
Yuanyuan Liu ◽  
Fen Wang ◽  
Yujie Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis ◽  
Clinicopathological Features ◽  
Tnm Stage ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Mutation Status ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Thyroid Carcinomas ◽  
Enhanced Expression

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) dysregulation has been shown to play a critical regulatory role in papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs).BRAFmutation is associated with poor clinicopathological outcomes in PTC. In order to identify a possible association between dysregulated miRNA expression andBRAFmutation as well as clinicopathological features in Chinese patients with PTC, we examined the expression levels of five reported dysregulated miRNAs (miRNA-221, miRNA-222, miRNA-146b, miRNA-181, and miRNA-21) and determinedBRAFmutation status in 52 patients with PTC and 52 patients with benign thyroid nodules (BTNs). The expression levels of all five miRNAs were significantly increased in PTC when compared to BTN. TheBRAFmutation occurred more frequently in PTC cases with advanced TNM stage. Importantly, miRNA-221, miRNA-222, miRNA-146b, and miRNA-181 expression levels were significantly higher in PTC patients withBRAFmutation. In addition, enhanced expression of miRNA-221 and miRNA-222 was found in patients with cervical lymph node metastasis and advanced TNM stage. Increased expression of miRNA-221 and miR-181 was evidenced in patients with larger tumors. These findings showed a potential role of this distinct profile of miRNAs in differentiating PTC from BTN.BRAFmutation might regulate or interact with miRNA in the pathogenesis and progression of PTC.

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