scholarly journals The Importance of the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Tumorigenesis of Spinal and Cranial Chordoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Akhavan-Sigari ◽  
Walter Schulz-Schaeffer ◽  
Amanda Angelika Harcej ◽  
Veit Rohde
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cell Growth And Differentiation ◽  
Adult Organism ◽  
Gli 1 ◽  
Base Of The Skull ◽  
Slow Growing

Chordomas is rare malignant bone tumors thought to arise from remnants of embryonic notochord along the spine, frequently at the skull base and sacrum. Although chordoma is slow growing tumors, while are extremely recurrent, and aggressive, as well as the rate of prognosis remains poorly. Radical surgery and high-dose radiation are the most used treatments. Currently, there is no effective chemotherapeutic standard for chordomas. The Hedgehog (HH) pathway adjusts various processes included in expansion and differentiation of tissues and organs throughout the fetus’s life, furthermore cell growth and differentiation in the adult organism, of the cell in an adult organism, in which acute anesthesia is involved in multiple cancers. To study the role of signaling the hedgehog in the base of the skull and sacrum chordomas, the expression of SHH and GLI-1 levels were detected immuno histochemically, Additionally, PTCH-1 and GLI-1 expressions were distinguished by in- Situ- hybridization. Based on the findings presented herein, it is likely that the HH signal cascade was revealed even in cranial, where consecoently spinal chordoma and their recurrences play an important role. Our staining exhibited a canonical, ligand- dependent and autocrine Hedgehog signaling in skull base and sacrum chordomas including relapse. Due to the high levels of SHH and GLI-1 expression in all investigated chordoma samples, the study suggests a possible autocrine ligand-dependent activation of the canonical HH signaling cascade. A paracrine or non-canonical pathway cannot be excluded. Our results suggest that Hedgehog-inhibitors, like SHH-, GLI- and SMO- inhibitors, might serve as a potential and effective target for the treatment of chordomas.

scholarly journals Clival chordoma presenting as a parapharyngeal mass: a diagnostic challenge

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1112
Author(s):  
Prita Pradhan ◽  
Rudra Narayan Biswal ◽  
Khageswar Rout ◽  
Ranjita Panigrahi ◽  
Pranati Misra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Parapharyngeal Space ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Clival Chordoma ◽  
Base Of Skull ◽  
Neoplastic Process ◽  
Base Of The Skull ◽  
Skull Tumour ◽  
Uncommon Tumour

<p class="abstract">Though the parapharyngeal space is sites of primary involvement by neoplastic process, they can rarely house masses descending from a base of skull tumour. Chordoma is an uncommon tumour of the skull base and sacrococcyx. Originating from the notochordal remnants, they are locally aggressive causing lytic destruction of the adjacent bony structures, particularly in the base of the skull. The use of surgery and adjuvant high-dose proton RT is documented to produce best results. Here we report a diagnostic challenge posed by a chordoma occurring as a parapharyngeal mass in a 68 year old male.</p>

scholarly journals Role of Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophages in Defense of the Lung against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 4585-4592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy O. Y. Cheung ◽  
Keith Halsey ◽  
David P. Speert
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Sublethal Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Microbial Invasion ◽  
Latex Beads ◽  
Viable Bacteria

ABSTRACT Alveolar macrophages (AM) provide one of the first lines of defense against microbial invasion in the lower airways. The role of AM in the clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mice after intrapulmonary challenge was evaluated. AM were depleted by intranasal administration of liposome-encapsulated dichloromethylene diphosphonate. At 24 h following the instillation of liposomes, a sublethal dose of P. aeruginosa was inoculated intranasally. Spleen, liver, and lung tissue was then evaluated for viable bacteria and for histopathology. AM depletion of 78 to 88% did not affect the survival rate of infected mice or clearance of P. aeruginosa from the spleen, liver, or lung, compared to the control group, but the mice's susceptibility to Klebsiella pneumoniae was greatly enhanced. The recruitment of neutrophils to the lung was also not affected. Freshly explanted AM were not competent to phagocytose unopsonized P. aeruginosa but were able to phagocytose zymosan particles. Further studies were conducted to assess the in situ phagocytic activities of AM. Three hours after the intranasal instillation of P. aeruginosa or other particles, bronchoalveolar lavage was performed. AM phagocytosis of zymosan particles and latex beads exceeded that of P. aeruginosa. Neutrophils were recruited to the lung in response to a high-dose bacterial challenge. These results suggest that AM do not play an important role in defense of the lung against P. aeruginosa.

Hedgehog Signaling in Development and Homeostasis of the Gastrointestinal Tract

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 1343-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gijs R. van den Brink
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling ◽  
Biliary Duct ◽  
Novel Therapy ◽  
Downstream Signaling ◽  
Pancreatic Cancers ◽  
Desert Hedgehog ◽  
Adult Organism

The Hedgehog family of secreted morphogenetic proteins acts through a complex evolutionary conserved signaling pathway to regulate patterning events during development and in the adult organism. In this review I discuss the role of Hedgehog signaling in the development, postnatal maintenance, and carcinogenesis of the gastrointestinal tract. Three mammalian hedgehog genes, sonic hedgehog (Shh), indian hedgehog (Ihh), and desert hedgehog (Dhh) have been identified. Shh and Ihh are important endodermal signals in the endodermal-mesodermal cross-talk that patterns the developing gut tube along different axes. Mutations in Shh, Ihh, and downstream signaling molecules lead to a variety of gross malformations of the murine gastrointestinal tract including esophageal atresia, tracheoesophageal fistula, annular pancreas, midgut malrotation, and duodenal and anal atresia. These congenital malformations are also found in varying constellations in humans, suggesting a possible role for defective Hedgehog signaling in these patients. In the adult, Hedgehog signaling regulates homeostasis in several endoderm-derived epithelia, for example, the stomach, intestine, and pancreas. Finally, growth of carcinomas of the proximal gastrointestinal tract such as esophageal, gastric, biliary duct, and pancreatic cancers may depend on Hedgehog signaling offering a potential avenue for novel therapy for these aggressive cancers.

The Role of Radiology in Surgery of the Ear and Skull Base

1982 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood F. Mafee ◽  
Galdino E. Valvassori ◽  
Glen D. Dobben
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base

Role of Skull Base Surgery for Craniopharyngiomas

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Ohata ◽  
Hikroki Morisako ◽  
Hiroyuki Goto ◽  
Takeo Goto
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Skull Base Surgery

Pre-emptive Analgesia for Postoperative Pain Relief in Children – Role of Paracetamol

2009 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Rubina Yasmin ◽  
AKM Akhtaruzzaman ◽  
Paresh Chandra Sarker ◽  
Neaz Ahmed ◽  
Ranadhir Kumar Kundu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Prospective Clinical Study ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Induction Of Anaesthesia

This prospective clinical study was carried out in the Dept. of Anaesthesia, Analgesia and Intensive Care Medicine, BSMMU, Dhaka, during the period of May 2003 to July 2003. The study was done to emphasize the importance of giving analgesics preemptively instead of waiting for the child to complain of pain and to produce smooth recovery after surgery by decreasing immediate postoperative pain in children by a simple, safe acceptable drug. The children scheduled for tonsillectomy under general anaesthesia were recruited in this study. The analgesic efficiency of rectal paracetamol in two doses, 25 mg/kg bodywt.(Gr-P25) and 50 mg/kg. bodywt. (Gr-P50) were compared with Diclofenac Sodium suppository 1mg/ kg body weight (Gr-D) given half an hour before induction of anaesthesia. Pain scoring was done by TPPPS (Toddler Pre-schooler postoperative pain scale). Heart rate and blood pressure were stable in Gr-P50 and Gr-D. Time of first demand of analgesic was delayed in Gr-P50 and Gr-D. Total paracetamol consumption in 24 hours was less in Gr-P50(181±14.25) and Gr-D (212±25) than Gr-P25(318± 26.39). Total duration of analgesia in Gr- P50 (657±9.94) mins. and in Gr- D(502±10.63) mins. and in Gr-P25(288±23.17) mins. Pre-emptive high dose rectal paracetamol appears to be more effective than diclofenac sodium suppository for postoperative analgesia in children undergoing tonsillectomy. Journal of BSA, Vol. 18, No. 1 & 2, 2005 p.9-16

{10-12} Twinning Mechanism During In Situ Micro-Tensile Loading of Pure Mg: Role of Basal Slip and Twin-Twin Boundary Interaction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolò Maria della Ventura ◽  
Szilvia Kalácska ◽  
Daniele Casari ◽  
Thomas Edward James Edwards ◽  
Johann Michler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Twin Boundary ◽  
Basal Slip ◽  
Tensile Loading ◽  
Boundary Interaction
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