scholarly journals Neurophysiology and Psychopathology Underlying PTSD and Recent Insights into the PTSD Therapies—A Comprehensive Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2951
Author(s):  
Gjumrakch Aliev ◽  
Narasimha M. Beeraka ◽  
Vladimir N. Nikolenko ◽  
Andrey A. Svistunov ◽  
Tatyana Rozhnova ◽  
...  

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a well-known psychiatric disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Pharmacodynamic and cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBT) have been used to treat patients with PTSD. However, it remains unclear whether there are concurrent changes in psychopathological and neurophysiological factors associated with PTSD patients. Past reports described those PTSD patients with efficient fatty acid metabolism, neurogenesis, mitochondrial energy balance could improve ability to cope against the conditioned fear responses and traumatic memories. Furthermore, cognitive, behavioral, cellular, and molecular evidence can be combined to create personalized therapies for PTSD sufferers either with or without comorbidities such as depression or memory impairment. Unfortunately, there is still evidence lacking to establish a full understanding of the underlying neurophysiological and psychopathological aspects associated with PTSD. This review has extensively discussed the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) of genetic factors to cause PTSD, the implications of inflammation, neurotransmitter genomics, metabolic alterations, neuroendocrine disturbance (hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis), mitochondrial dynamics, neurogenesis, and premature aging related to PTSD-induced psychopathology and neurophysiology. In addition, the review delineated the importance of CBT and several pharmacodynamic therapies to mitigate symptomatology of PTSD.

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-342
Author(s):  
Gabriela Maffini ◽  
Maristela Jaqueline Reis Peixoto ◽  
Paula Argemi Cassel ◽  
Josiane Lieberknecht Wathier Abaid

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has been identified in literature as one of the most frequent disorders related to abuse, causing dysphoric symptoms, avoidant behaviors, changes in arousal, reactivity, mood and patient cognitions. For the treatment of this disorder, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies are pointed out as effective psychotherapeutic approaches to reduce symptoms, develop adaptive coping strategies and redefine trauma. For the care of children and adolescents, in turn, the Trauma-Focused CBT (TF-CBT) is used as an intervention model. This study aimed to review the evidence of results of the TF-CBT protocol for children and adolescents victims of sexual trauma. It is an integrative literature review, of a qualitative nature, using LILACS, PePSIC, PsycNet, PubMed and SciELO as databases. The eight studies found suggest that the techniques employed by the TF-CBT protocol, together with the participation of primary caregivers during the therapeutic process, contributed to the positive results of the treatment. It is concluded that this approach has great efficacy for the reduction of PTSD symptoms, as well as for the remission of the disorder.


1996 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 475-476
Author(s):  
Arthur M. Neuz ◽  
Elizabeth A. Meadows

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