Educating Students with Special Educational Needs in the Context of Modern Neurosciences

The relevance of this topic resides in the fact that children with special developmental needs should have equal opportunities with other children in getting training and this means not only creation of technical conditions for unimpeded access of children with disabilities to secondary schools, but also specifics of the educational process to be built taking into account psychophysical abilities of physically disabled children. The article presents research results of domestic and foreign scientists, teachers and psychologists on education of students with special needs in the context of modern neuropsychology. It is the neuropsychology of children that allows us to get acquainted closer with peculiarities of children’s development and, accordingly, to correctly determine methods and principles of working with students. We considered disorders in the process of ontogenesis, which most often occur in children: speech delay, autism, hyperactivity, intellectual disabilities. All of them complicate social connections, which often leads to low self-esteem, especially with hyperactive children and students with speech impairments. Therefore, in the process of educating students with special needs, domestic scientists call for the use of neuropsychological correction, which is the basis of social protection of children with developmental problems and creates the most favorable conditions for their education and socialization. Methods of correctional work are aimed not only at overcoming some of the disorders, but at development of a harmonious personality.

SEGUIN FORM BOARD TEST: A PROPOSAL FOR APPROPRIATE NORMS

Seguin Form Board Test (SFB) is one of the popular tests of intelligence for children in the Indian subcontinent. It is a much sought-after test due to its simplicity, ease of administration and takes less than 10 minutes to arrive at an IQ score. Further, it elicits interest in children, is easy to score and can be administered to even shy, speech impaired, autistic spectrum and/or attention decit and hyperactive children. There are standard norms and to keep up with the Flynn effect, researchers are conducting studies to update normative data to keep up with the times. However, all the available norms in India with respect to SFB, follow incorrect practices, such as, using SFB for children older than 10 years; inappropriate processes, such as, using only the mean value and ignoring standard deviation; and erroneous way of converting interval scale score to ordinal scale score to arrive at the ratio IQ method. These errors have been existing for decades, despite the possibility of having better and appropriate norms that matches the deviation IQ. This article attempts to highlight the pitfalls of adopting the existing norms with appropriate examples and gures. Further, the article proposes a better and more appropriate norms to arrive at an IQ.

ADAPTATION OF THE UKRAINIAN VERSION OF “STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF ADHD SYMPTOMS AND NORMAL BEHAVIOR RATING SСALE” (SWAN)

According to the literature sources and information obtained from the specialists in the field, we found the lack of diagnostic measures for attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD). At present, the hyperactive children behavior correction system is being actively reformed in Ukraine. One of the aspects of its modernization is the improvement and updating of the methodological base, primarily, the diagnostic methodology one. ADHD rating scales are actively used at all stages of ADHD treatment from diagnosis to correction of behavior. That is why its arrears important to increase the number of methodological tools of a psychologist during diagnostics.Purpose: improvement and adapted of the “Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD symptoms and Normal behavior” (J.M. Swanson) rating scale for the use in Ukraine.Methods: calculation of psychometric characteristics of the Ukrainian version of the SWAN scales: correspondence of the empirical data to the normal distribution law (Gaussian function), internal consistency and reliability of parallel forms (by correlation analysis by r-Pearson criterion).Results. We processed 76 questionnaires, the age category of children ranged from 6 to 13 years (class “The Intelligence of Ukraine”, children with existing CPR, inclusive and classic classes). Questionnaires were filled in by teachers who were able to observe students’ behavior. The following psychometric indicators of the Scale were calculated: internal consistency (r = 0.77 at p ≤ 0.01 for the scale “Inattention” and r = 0.86 at p ≤ 0.01 for the scale “Hyperactivity” and “Impulsivity”) and the reliability of parallel forms (between the scales “Inattention” and “Hyperactivity/Impulsivity” according to the “SWAN” rating scale method (r = 0.53 at р ≤ 0.01) and the sum of the points according to the scales “Hyperactivity” and “Impulsivity” in “Rating scale of ADHD” (Suxotina, N.K. & Egorova, T.I.) (r = 0.56 at р ≤ 0.01)).Conclusions. The obtained results are satisfactory, so the “Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD symptoms and Normal behavior” rating scale is ready for use in Ukraine. We see further potential for the development of the problem in those goals that could not be realized due to the lack of resources and quarantine, namely: increasing the number of sample, checking retest reliability as well as expert and constructive validity.Key words: ADHD treatment, hyperactive children, inclusive education, impulsivity, inattention. На основі літературних джерел та інформації, отриманої від фахівців, встановлено відсутність засобів діагностики розладу дефіциту уваги з гіперактивністю (РДУГ). Нині в Україні активно реформується система корекції поведінки дітей. Однією зі сторін модернізації є покращення та оновлення методичної бази, перш за все діагностичної, і саме рейтингові шкали активно використовуються на всіх етапах лікування РДУГ: від діагностики до корекції. Саме тому актуально збільшити кількість інстру-ментів психолога під час діагностики.Мета статті полягає в адаптації американської «Рейтингової шкали сильних та слабких сторін РДУГ та нормальної поведінки» (Дж.М. Свонсон) до вітчизняного вжитку.Методи. Використано обрахування психометричних характеристик україномовної версії шкали «Рейтингової шкали сильних та слабких сторін РДУГ та нормальної поведінки», таких як відповідність емпіричного розкиду закону нормального розподілу (функція Гауса), внутрішня узгодженість та надійність паралельних форм (кореляційний аналіз за критерієм r-Пірсона).Результати. Оброблено 76 анкет, вік дітей становить від 6 до 13 років (клас «Інтелект України», діти із наявною ЗПР, інклюзивний та звичайний класи). Анкети заповнювали вчителі, які мали змогу спостерігати за поведінкою учнів протягом місяця. Обчислені внутрішня узгодженість (r = 0,77 за р ≤ 0,01 для шкали «Неуважність», r = 0,86 за р ≤ 0,01 для шкали «Гіперактивність та імпульсивність») та надійність паралельних форм (прокорельовано показники за шкалами «Неуважність» та «Гіперак-тивність/Імпульсивність» за методикою SWAN (r = 0,53 за р ≤ 0,01) із сумою показників за шкалами «Гіперактивність» та «Імпульсивність» за опитувальником «Шкала оцінки РДУГ» (r = 0,56 за р ≤ 0,01)).Висновки. Отримані результати є задовільними, тому методика готова до українського вжитку. Подальший потенціал розвитку проблематики вбачаємо у тих цілях, яких не змогли досягнути через брак ресурсів та карантин, а саме у перевірці ретестової надійності, експертної та конструктної валідності, збільшенні кількості вибірки.Ключові слова: адаптація опитувальника, гіперактивні діти, інклюзивна освіта, імпульсивність, неуважність.

ATTENTION AND HYPERACTIVITY DEFICIENCY IN ADOLESCENTS AS RISK FACTOR OF DEVIANT BEHAVIORS

The article provides an overview of the prevalence of risky behavior in children with hyperactivity as a social problem. Children and adolescents diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are a special category of the child population whose behavior is determined by the imbalance of excitation-inhibition processes. The symptoms of this pathology are differentiated depending on the age of the patient and the manifestation of the main clinical manifestations decreases as children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) grow older. At the same time, complicated forms of ADHD often involve a violation of behavior that tends to take risky forms. Such behavior can be directed towards itself (autodectional) or towards society (externally destructive). In this context, the timely identification of factors that increase and reduce the risk of deviations in hyperactive children becomes relevant. They include certain conditions and properties of a person, which lead to readiness for risk and the implementation of risky behavior. The indication of these features underpins a systematic approach in risk management in the behavior of persons with a history of ADHD.

Role of Early Childhood Adversity, Behaviour Problems and Academic Performance among Adolescents with ADHD: A Systematic Review

Introduction: “Hyperactivity”, is characterised by difficulties related to task, oriented behaviour in children particularly hyperactive children also tends to be socially intrusive and immature. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) children have great difficulty in compatibility with their parents and their peer group. This disorder occurs majorly in boys than girls and some residual effects, such as attention difficulties may persist into adolescence. Aim: Understanding of behavioural concerns among ADHD adolescents with their parents. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search in the international databases of academic search complete, Psych articles, J GATE, Psychology and behavioural sciences collection, Proquest, Science Direct, and Google scholar was conducted. Studies included in this review were prospective studies, retrospective study, case-control study, cohort study, descriptive study, and review studies. The study consisted of 15 studies from review journals. Psycho social correlates were investigated in ADHD patients. The studies published from 2000 to 2016 were included in this review. Results: The present review revealed that there is significant role of early Childhood Adversity (CA), poor scholastic performance and behaviour problems in the formulation of ADHD among adolescents. Conclusion: It was concluded that there is a problem in ADHD patients related to their poor academic performances which also reflects in their adolescence, and behavioural problems with parents also. Parents with ADHD children faced more stress in comparison to parents of Non-ADHD children. There is a need to develop specific parent’s intervention training and early identification of ADHD children.

GAMBARAN PERILAKU ANAK HIPERAKTIF PADA SISWA KELAS I SD NEGERI II DEMAK IJO

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan perilaku, faktor yang mempengaruhi, dan upaya guru dalam menghadapi anak hiperaktif kelas 1 SD Negeri II Demak Ijo. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang dilakukkan di SD Negeri II Demak Ijo pada 1 Maret 2020. Dengan subjek Guru dan Siswa Kelas I Guru SD Negeri II Demak Ijo. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil wawancara dan observasi yaitu SD Negeri II Demak Ijo merupakan sekolah inklusi, di sekolah tersebut terdapat satu anak hiperaktif dan Guru mengupayakan pembelajaran dengan memberikan perhatian yang berbeda dengan siswa lain. Perilaku seorang anak hiperaktif Siswa Kelas I SD Negeri II Demak Ijo antara lain: selalu menganggu teman lain, tidak mau diatur, cenderung egois, sering meninggalkan tempat duduk saat kegiatan pembelajaran, mengerjakan tugas di sekolah sesuai dengan kemaunnya, sering malas, dan manja. Perilaku tersebut disebabkan karena faktor keluarga. Faktor tersebut dapat diatasi dengan memberikan teguran dan sanksi kepada anak, orang tua memberikan pendampingan, dan guru memberi perlakuan yang berbeda dengan siswa pada umumnya. Kata Kunci: Hiperaktif, Perilaku Anak Hiperaktif, Dan Upaya Menghadapi Anak Hiperaktif Abstract This study aims to explain the behavior, the factors that influence, and the efforts of teachers in dealing with hyperactive children in grade 1 of SD Negeri II Demak Ijo. This research is a qualitative descriptive study conducted at SD Negeri II Demak Ijo on March 1, 2020. With the subject of Teachers and Class I Teachers of SD Negeri II Demak Ijo. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews and documentation. The results of interviews and observations, namely Demak Ijo Elementary School II is an inclusive school, there is one hyperactive child in the school and the teacher is trying to learn by giving different attention to other students. The behavior of a hyperactive child Class I Elementary School II Demak Ijo students: interrupts other friends, does not want to be regulated, tends to be selfish, often leaves the seat during learning activities, does assignments at school according to his skills, is often lazy, and spoiled. The behavior is caused by family factors. These factors can be overcome by giving reprimands and sanctions to children, parents provide assistance, and teachers give different treatment from students in general. Keywords: Hyperactivity, Hyperactive Children's Behavior, and Efforts to Deal with Hyperactive Children

Layanan pendidikan pada siswa hiperaktif

The success of the education process in a school is influenced by many factors. Factors that come for example from the teacher, students, curriculum, and other social environments. But the most important factor comes from two figures, namely teachers and students, especially in learning activities. In the teaching and learning process, the teacher finds the diversity of individual students whose results can be seen many differences from one student to another student. Seeing the characteristics of each of these students, it is not uncommon for teachers to be exposed to students who have hyperactive behavior. The condition of such children is usually very difficult for teachers to manage and educate them, aside from the fact that they are very difficult to calm down, also because hyperactive children often interfere with other students. Examples of hyperactive student behavior, like to interrupt teachers or friends, difficult to follow the learning, always feel bored, annoying friends and others. Therefore, the learning achievement of hyperactive children is also classified as less than the maximum. The definition of hyperactivity itself is a person's behavior that shows an attitude of not wanting to be quiet, not paying attention and impulsive. But hyperactive children still have the right to gain knowledge. The existence of educational services through formal institutions such as in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, the efforts obtained include: teacher strategies and methods in the learning process, creativity development, talent development activities, the use of attractive media, rewards and punishment.