scholarly journals Plasmakristall–4 laboratory for research of complex (dusty) plasma on the board of the International Space Station

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-22
Author(s):  
Andrey M LIPAEV ◽  
Andrey V. ZOBNIN ◽  
Aleksandr D. USACHEV ◽  
Vladimir I MOLOTKOV ◽  
Dmitriy I. ZHUKHOVITSKIY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Dusty Plasma ◽  
Soft Matter ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
International Space ◽  
Complex Plasma ◽  
Scientific Equipment

The scientific equipment «Plasmakrystall–4» («PK–4») is designed to study complex (dusty) plasma under microgravity conditions aboard the International Space Station (ISS) and is a joint project of the European Space Agency (ESA) and Roscosmos. Scientific equipment «PK–4» is integrated into «European physiological modules» (EPM) rack, in the European laboratory module Columbus. Experiment control — automated, software-interactive, or manual from an on-board laptop and/or from a terminal in the ground control center. A low-pressure direct current discharge in noble gases in a glass tube is used to create a plasma at scientific equipment «PK–4». Microparticles of a given size are injected into the discharge to obtain a complex plasma. Two digital video cameras allow to trace individual microparticles inside the tube in phase space, which makes a complex plasma to be a good model for studying classical phenomena in condensed matter at the kinetic level. To monitor the plasma conditions, an integrated spectrometer and another video camera are used allowing to observe the plasma's own emission at different wavelengths. To study the reaction of microparticles to external forces, they can be exposed to radiation from a powerful laser, a gas stream, and also to thermophoretic force, i.e., by producing a given temperature gradient. Key words: complex plasmas, microparticles, soft matter, laser manipulation, microgravity, viscosity measurements, gas discharges, plasma diagnostics.

Activities of the International Space Organization and Station

2021 ◽  
pp. 140-152
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Artificial Satellite ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
Intergovernmental Organization ◽  
International Space ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Space Organization

This chapter describes the establishment process, purpose of establishment, mission, exploration plan, activities of the European Space Agency (ESA) and International Space Station (ISS), and an explanation of the contents of the treaty that is legal basis for its establishment. The European Space Agency (ESA) is an intergovernmental organization of 22 member states dedicated to the exploration of space. Established in 1975 and headquartered in Paris, France, ESA has a worldwide staff of about 2,200 in 2018 and an annual budget of about € 6.68 billion (US $ 7.43 billion) in 2020. ESA also works closely with space organizations outside Europe. ESA has missions planned for Jupiter (JUICE, 2022) and others that will seek dark matter (Euclid, 2020) and observe the energetic universe (Athena, 2028). The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station (habitable artificial satellite) in low Earth orbit. The ISS programme is a joint project between five participating space agencies: NASA (United States), Roscomos (Russia), JAXA (Japan), ESA (Europe), and CSA (Canada).

Integration of controllable scientific equipment into the Russian Segment of the International Space Station

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-75
Author(s):  
Diana M. AYUKAEVA ◽  
Fedor A. VORONIN ◽  
Mikhail A. POLUARSHINOV ◽  
Mikhail A. KHARCHIKOV
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
International Space Station ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Space Experiment ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
International Space ◽  
Scientific Equipment ◽  
Cargo Transportation ◽  
And Control

The paper discusses the process of integrating scientific equipment into the Russian Segment of the International Space Station (ISS RS) to conduct space experiment using the ISS IS information and control system. The paper addresses the stages in ground processing of scientific equipment that are critical for its successful operation after delivery to the ISS RS: tests on the hardware (vibration and hydraulic tests, electromagnetic compatibility tests, incoming inspection), development of the software for the equipment using ground debugging facility and conducting integrated tests in the checkout facility. It points out the need to update the existing stages of ground preparations for experiments to reduce the hardware ground processing time. Taking as examples the space experiment Terminator and experiments conducted using cargo transportation spacecraft Progress, the paper resents results obtained through the use of the described approach. Key words: information and control system, scientific equipment, space experiment, International Space Station, logistics spacecraft Progress, microgravity.

PRESSURE MEASUREMENT OF INDUCED EXTERNAL ATMOSPHERE ON THE RUSSIAN SEGMENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION IN EXPERIMENT «CONTROL»

2021 ◽  
pp. 100-113
Author(s):  
Eduard N. ALEKSANDROV ◽  
Maya S. ANTIPOVA ◽  
Andrey N. KRYLOV ◽  
Aleksandr V. KASHKOVSKIY ◽  
Anna A. RODICHEVA
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Statistical Modeling ◽  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Correction Function ◽  
International Space ◽  
Scientific Equipment ◽  
Background Measurement ◽  
Experiment Control ◽  
Outer Atmosphere

The goals and objectives of space experiment Control to study parameters of the induced external atmosphere of the Russian Segment of the International Space Station are presented. The processing and analysis procedure for telemetry data obtained using scientific equipment Indicator - ISS is described. Numerical calculations were performed by direct statistical modeling of the flow around the pressure sensor by incoming flotation the Earth's outer atmosphere in the background measurement conditions, as well as in disturbed conditions with two vernier engines of the Zvezda module being operated. A correction function of the pressure sensor is obtained depending on the orientation, temperature factor and selected model of interaction of incident flow molecules with the internal and external device surfaces. The results of numerical modeling of the jet discharges of the the Zvezda vernier engine were compared with the data obtained in full-scale pressure measurements in experiment Control. Key words: pressure sensor, orbital station, induced external atmosphere, direct statistical modeling method.

A Framework for Multinational Medical Support for the International Space Station: A Model for Exploration

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Charles R. Doarn ◽  
James D. Polk ◽  
Anatoli Grigoriev ◽  
Jean-Marc Comtois ◽  
Kazuhito Shimada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Space Station ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Space Station ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical System ◽  
Medical Support ◽  
International Space ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Medical Certification

INTRODUCTION: In the 1990s, Canada, member states of the European Space Agency, Japan, the Russian Federation, and the United States entered into an international agreement Concerning Cooperation on the Civil International Space Station. Among the many unique infrastructure challenges, partners were to develop a comprehensive international medical system and related processes to enable crew medical certification and medical support for all phases of missions, in a framework to support a multilateral space program of unprecedented size, scope, and degree of integration. During the Shuttle/Mir Program, physicians and specialized experts from the United States and Russia studied prototype systems and developed and operated collaborative mechanisms. The 1998 NASA Memoranda of Understanding with each of the other four partners established the Multilateral Medial Policy Board, the Multilateral Space Medicine Board, and the Multilateral Medical Operations Panel as medical authority bodies to ensure International Space Station (ISS) crew health and performance. Since 1998, the medical system of the ISS Program has ensured health and excellent performance of the international crewsan essential prerequisite for the construction and operation of the ISSand prevented mission-impacting medical events and adverse health outcomes. As the ISS is completing its second decade of crewed operation, it is prudent to appraise its established medical framework for its utility moving forward in new space exploration initiatives. Not only the ISS Program participants, but other nations and space agencies as well, concomitant with commercial endeavors in human spaceflight, can benefit from this evidence for future human exploration programs.Doarn CR, Polk JD, Grigoriev A, Comtois J-M, Shimada K, Weerts G, Dervay JP, Taddeo TA, Sargsyan A. A framework for multinational medical support for the International Space Station: a model for exploration. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(2):129134.

Methods of studying sighting axis oscillations when observing the Earth’s surface from the Russian segment of the International Space Station

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Evdokimov ◽  
V.Yu. Tugaenko ◽  
A.V. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Guidance System ◽  
International Space ◽  
Scientific Equipment ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Long Term Trends

The study introduces a method for determining the characteristics of long-period oscillations of the International Space Station structure by analyzing the displacement of the sighting axis of scientific equipment relative to the calculated position when observing the Earth’s surface from the Russian segment. The technique makes it possible to identify long-term oscillations through noise caused by high-frequency oscillations and measurement errors, as well as long-term trends associated with a change in the orientation of the station. The work was carried out as part of the first stage of the Pelican space experi-ment to develop the technology of wireless energy transmission in space. After processing the measurement results performed in the experiment sessions, it was possible to determine the maximum values of the amplitudes and angular velocities of the displacement of the sighting axis in order to clarify the requirements for the guidance system of scientific equipment used in the subsequent stages of the experiment.

Plasmakristall-4: New complex (dusty) plasma laboratory on board the International Space Station

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 093505 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Y. Pustylnik ◽  
M. A. Fink ◽  
V. Nosenko ◽  
T. Antonova ◽  
T. Hagl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Dusty Plasma ◽  
Space Station ◽  
International Space ◽  
Plasma Laboratory

Overview of the Natural Space Environment and ESA, JAXA, and NASA Materials Flight Experiments

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Edwards ◽  
Adrian P. Tighe ◽  
Marc Van Eesbeek ◽  
Yugo Kimoto ◽  
Kim K. de Groh
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Thermal Exposure ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
International Space ◽  
Micro Particles

AbstractSpace environmental effects on materials are very severe and complex because of the synergistic interaction of orbital environments such as high-energy radiation particles, atomic oxygen, micrometeoroids, orbital debris, and ultraviolet irradiation interacting synergistically, along with thermal exposure. In addition, surface degradation associated with contamination can negatively impact optics performance. Materials flight experiments are critical to understanding the engineering performance of materials exposed to specific space environments. Likewise, the spacecraft designer must have an understanding of the specific environment in which a spacecraft will operate, enabling appropriate selection of materials to maximize engineering performance, increase mission lifetimes, and reduce risk. This article will present a methodology for assessing the engineering performance of materials baselined for a specific spacecraft or mission. In addition, an overview of the space environment, from low Earth orbit to interplanetary space, will be provided along with an overview on the effects of the space environment on materials performance. The majority of this article is devoted to materials flight experiments from the European Space Agency (ESA), the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), and from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Some of the experiments reviewed include ESA's Materials Exposure and Degradation Experiment on the International Space Station (ISS), JAXA's Micro-Particles Capturer and Space Environment Exposure Device experiments on the ISS Service Module and on the ISS Japanese Experiment Module Exposed Facility, and NASA's Long Duration Exposure Facility satellite and the Materials International Space Station Experiment series flown on the exterior of ISS.

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