scholarly journals Laboratory Experimental Study on the Formation of Authigenic Carbonates Induced by Microbes in Marine Sediments

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 479
Author(s):  
Zilin Wei ◽  
Tianfu Xu ◽  
Songhua Shang ◽  
Hailong Tian ◽  
Yuqing Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Anaerobic Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Carbonate Mineral ◽  
Authigenic Carbonates ◽  
Preferential Formation ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Three Stages

Authigenic carbonates are widely distributed in marine sediments, microbes, and anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) play a key role in their formation. The authigenic carbonates in marine sediments have been affected by weathering and diagenesis for a long time, it is difficult to understand their formation process by analyzing the samples collected in situ. A pore water environment with 10 °C, 6 MPa in the marine sediments was built in a bioreactor to study the stages and characteristics of authigenic carbonates formation induced by microbes. In experiments, FeCO3 is formed preferentially, and then FeCO3-MgCO3 complete isomorphous series and a small part of CaCO3 isomorphous mixture are formed. According to this, it is proposed that the formation of authigenic carbonates performed by AOM and related microbes needs to undergo three stages: the rise of alkalinity, the preferential formation of a carbonate mineral, and the formation of carbonate isomorphous series. This work provides experimental experience and reference basis for further understanding the formation mechanism of authigenic carbonates in marine sediments.

scholarly journals The Formation of Authigenic Carbonates at a Methane Seep Site in the Northern Part of the Laptev Sea

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 948
Author(s):  
Alexey Ruban ◽  
Maxim Rudmin ◽  
Oleg Dudarev ◽  
Alexey Mazurov
Keyword(s):  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Cold Seep ◽  
Anaerobic Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Laptev Sea ◽  
Cold Seeps ◽  
Authigenic Carbonates ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Major Oxide ◽  
Mg Content ◽  
The Laptev Sea

Authigenic carbonates from cold seeps are unique archives for studying environmental conditions, including biogeochemical processes associated with methane-rich fluid migration through the sediment column. The aim of this research was to study major oxide, mineralogical, and stable isotopic compositions of cold-seep authigenic carbonates collected in the northern part of the Laptev Sea. These carbonates are represented by Mg-calcite with an Mg content of 2% to 8%. The δ13C values range from −27.5‰ to −28.2‰ Vienna Peedee belemnite (VPDB) and indicate that carbonates formed due to anaerobic oxidation of methane, most likely thermogenic in origin. The authigenic pyrite in Mg-calcite is evidence of sulfate reduction during carbonate precipitation. The δ18O values of carbonates vary from 3.5‰ to 3.8‰ VPDB. The calculated δ18Ofluid values show that pore water temperature for precipitated Mg-calcite was comparable to bottom seawater temperature. The presence of authigenic carbonate in the upper horizons of sediments suggests that the sulfate–methane transition zone is shallowly below the sediment–water interface.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Nitrite-Dependent Anaerobic Methane and Ammonium Oxidation Processes

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (19) ◽  
pp. 6802-6807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca A. Luesken ◽  
Jaime Sánchez ◽  
Theo A. van Alen ◽  
Janeth Sanabria ◽  
Huub J. M. Op den Camp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Anaerobic Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Damo Bacteria

ABSTRACTNitrite-dependent anaerobic oxidation of methane (n-damo) and ammonium (anammox) are two recently discovered processes in the nitrogen cycle that are catalyzed by n-damo bacteria, including “CandidatusMethylomirabilis oxyfera,” and anammox bacteria, respectively. The feasibility of coculturing anammox and n-damo bacteria is important for implementation in wastewater treatment systems that contain substantial amounts of both methane and ammonium. Here we tested this possible coexistence experimentally. To obtain such a coculture, ammonium was fed to a stable enrichment culture of n-damo bacteria that still contained some residual anammox bacteria. The ammonium supplied to the reactor was consumed rapidly and could be gradually increased from 1 to 20 mM/day. The enriched coculture was monitored by fluorescencein situhybridization and 16S rRNA andpmoAgene clone libraries and activity measurements. After 161 days, a coculture with about equal amounts of n-damo and anammox bacteria was established that converted nitrite at a rate of 0.1 kg-N/m3/day (17.2 mmol day−1). This indicated that the application of such a coculture for nitrogen removal may be feasible in the near future.

Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in marine sediments from the Skagerrak (Denmark): I. Geochemical and microbiological analyses

2008 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 2868-2879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina J. Knab ◽  
Barry A. Cragg ◽  
Christian Borowski ◽  
R. John Parkes ◽  
Richard Pancost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Anaerobic Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Anaerobic Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Microbiological Analyses

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Methane-Oxidizing Archaea and Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Anoxic Marine Sediments

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1922-1934 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. J. Orphan ◽  
K.-U. Hinrichs ◽  
W. Ussler ◽  
C. K. Paull ◽  
L. T. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Anaerobic Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Ether Lipids ◽  
Methane Seep ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

ABSTRACT The oxidation of methane in anoxic marine sediments is thought to be mediated by a consortium of methane-consuming archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria. In this study, we compared results of rRNA gene (rDNA) surveys and lipid analyses of archaea and bacteria associated with methane seep sediments from several different sites on the Californian continental margin. Two distinct archaeal lineages (ANME-1 and ANME-2), peripherally related to the orderMethanosarcinales, were consistently associated with methane seep marine sediments. The same sediments contained abundant13C-depleted archaeal lipids, indicating that one or both of these archaeal groups are members of anaerobic methane-oxidizing consortia. 13C-depleted lipids and the signature 16S rDNAs for these archaeal groups were absent in nearby control sediments. Concurrent surveys of bacterial rDNAs revealed a predominance of δ-proteobacteria, in particular, close relatives ofDesulfosarcina variabilis. Biomarker analyses of the same sediments showed bacterial fatty acids with strong 13C depletion that are likely products of these sulfate-reducing bacteria. Consistent with these observations, whole-cell fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed aggregations of ANME-2 archaea and sulfate-reducing Desulfosarcina andDesulfococcus species. Additionally, the presence of abundant 13C-depleted ether lipids, presumed to be of bacterial origin but unrelated to ether lipids of members of the orderDesulfosarcinales, suggests the participation of additional bacterial groups in the methane-oxidizing process. Although theDesulfosarcinales and ANME-2 consortia appear to participate in the anaerobic oxidation of methane in marine sediments, our data suggest that other bacteria and archaea are also involved in methane oxidation in these environments.

scholarly journals Evidence for an expanded repertoire of electron acceptors for the anaerobic oxidation of methane in authigenic carbonates in the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Beckmann ◽  
Ibrahim F. Farag ◽  
Rui Zhao ◽  
Glenn D Christman ◽  
Nancy G Prouty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Acceptors ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Anaerobic Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Cold Seeps ◽  
Authigenic Carbonates ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Pacific Margin ◽  
Sulfur And Nitrogen Compounds

AbstractAuthigenic carbonates represent a significant microbial sink for methane, yet little is known about the microbiome responsible for the methane removal. We identify carbonate microbiomes distributed over 21 locations hosted by 7 different cold seeps in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans by carrying out a gene-based survey using 16S rRNA- and mcrA gene sequencing coupled with metagenomic analyses. These sites were dominated by bacteria affiliated to the Firmicutes, Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria. ANME-1 and −2 clades were abundant in the carbonates yet their typical syntrophic partners, sulfate reducing bacteria, were not significantly present. Our analysis indicated that methane oxidizers affiliated to the ANME-1 and −2 as well as to the Candidatus Methanoperedens clades, are capable of performing complete methane- and potentially short-chain alkane oxidations independently using oxidized sulfur and nitrogen compounds as terminal electron acceptors. Gammaproteobacteria are hypothetically capable of utilizing oxidized nitrogen compounds in potential syntrophy with methane oxidizing archaea. Carbonate structures represent a window for a more diverse utilization of electron acceptors for anaerobic methane oxidation along the Atlantic and Pacific Margin.

scholarly journals Anaerobic oxidation of methane: an underappreciated aspect of methane cycling in peatland ecosystems?

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 7945-7983 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Smemo ◽  
J. B. Yavitt
Keyword(s):  
Large Body ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Anaerobic Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Anaerobic Oxidation ◽  
Ch4 Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Ch4 Production

Abstract. Despite a large body of literature on microbial anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in marine sediments and saline waters and its importance to the global methane (CH4) cycle, until recently little work has addressed the potential occurrence and importance of AOM in non-marine systems. This is particularly true for peatlands, which represent both a massive sink for atmospheric CO2 and a significant source of atmospheric CH4. Our knowledge of this process in peatlands is inherently limited by the methods used to study CH4 dynamics in soil and sediment and the assumption that there are no anaerobic sinks for CH4 in these systems. Studies suggest that AOM is CH4-limited and difficult to detect in potential CH4 production assays against a background of CH4 production. In situ rates also might be elusive due to background rates of aerobic CH4 oxidation and the difficulty in separating net and gross process rates. Conclusive evidence for the electron acceptor in this process has not been presented. Nitrate and sulfate are both plausible and favorable electron acceptors, as seen in other systems, but there exist theoretical issues related to the availability of these ions in peatlands and only circumstantial evidence suggests that these pathways are important. Iron cycling is important in many wetland systems, but recent evidence does not support the notion of CH4 oxidation via dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction or a CH4 oxidizing archaea in consortium with an Fe(III) reducer. Calculations based on published rates demonstrate that AOM might be a significant and underappreciated constraint on the global CH4 cycle, although much about the process in unknown, in vitro rates may not relate well to in situ rates, and projections based on those rates are fraught with uncertainty. We suggest electron transfer mechanisms, C flow and pathways, and quantifying in situ peatland AOM rates as the highest priority topics for future research.

scholarly journals Anaerobic methanotrophic communities thrive in deep submarine permafrost

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Winkel ◽  
Julia Mitzscherling ◽  
Pier P. Overduin ◽  
Fabian Horn ◽  
Maria Winterfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Anaerobic Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Archaeal Communities ◽  
Permafrost Sediments ◽  
Methane Concentrations ◽  
Methanotrophic Communities

AbstractThawing submarine permafrost is a source of methane to the subsurface biosphere. Methane oxidation in submarine permafrost sediments has been proposed, but the responsible microorganisms remain uncharacterized. We analyzed archaeal communities and identified distinct anaerobic methanotrophic (ANME-2a/b, ANME-2d) assemblages in frozen and completely thawed submarine permafrost sediments. Besides archaea potentially involved in AOM we found a large diversity of archaea mainly belonging to Bathyarchaeota, Thaumarchaeota, and Euryarchaeota. Methane concentrations and δ13C-methane signatures distinguish horizons of potential anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) coupled either to sulfate reduction in a sulfate-methane transition zone (SMTZ) or to the reduction of other electron acceptors, such as iron, manganese or nitrate. Analysis of functional marker genes (mcrA) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) corroborate AOM communities in submarine permafrost sediments potentially active at low temperatures. Extrapolating potential AOM rates, when scaled to the total area of expected submarine permafrost thaw, reveals that methane could be consumed at rates between 8 and 120 Tg C per year, which is comparable to other AOM habitats such as seeps, continental SMTZ and wetlands. We thus propose that AOM is active where submarine permafrost thaws and needs to be accounted for in global methane budgets.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document