scholarly journals Simultaneous Nitrite-Dependent Anaerobic Methane and Ammonium Oxidation Processes

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (19) ◽  
pp. 6802-6807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca A. Luesken ◽  
Jaime Sánchez ◽  
Theo A. van Alen ◽  
Janeth Sanabria ◽  
Huub J. M. Op den Camp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Anaerobic Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Damo Bacteria

ABSTRACTNitrite-dependent anaerobic oxidation of methane (n-damo) and ammonium (anammox) are two recently discovered processes in the nitrogen cycle that are catalyzed by n-damo bacteria, including “CandidatusMethylomirabilis oxyfera,” and anammox bacteria, respectively. The feasibility of coculturing anammox and n-damo bacteria is important for implementation in wastewater treatment systems that contain substantial amounts of both methane and ammonium. Here we tested this possible coexistence experimentally. To obtain such a coculture, ammonium was fed to a stable enrichment culture of n-damo bacteria that still contained some residual anammox bacteria. The ammonium supplied to the reactor was consumed rapidly and could be gradually increased from 1 to 20 mM/day. The enriched coculture was monitored by fluorescencein situhybridization and 16S rRNA andpmoAgene clone libraries and activity measurements. After 161 days, a coculture with about equal amounts of n-damo and anammox bacteria was established that converted nitrite at a rate of 0.1 kg-N/m3/day (17.2 mmol day−1). This indicated that the application of such a coculture for nitrogen removal may be feasible in the near future.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Oxidization of Methane in a Minerotrophic Peatland: Enrichment of Nitrite-Dependent Methane-Oxidizing Bacteria

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (24) ◽  
pp. 8657-8665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoli Zhu ◽  
Gijs van Dijk ◽  
Christian Fritz ◽  
Alfons J. P. Smolders ◽  
Arjan Pol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Anaerobic Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Methane Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Minerotrophic Peatland

ABSTRACTThe importance of anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) as a methane sink in freshwater systems is largely unexplored, particularly in peat ecosystems. Nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (n-damo) was recently discovered and reported to be catalyzed by the bacterium “CandidatusMethylomirabilis oxyfera,” which is affiliated with the NC10 phylum. So far, several “Ca. Methylomirabilis oxyfera” enrichment cultures have been obtained using a limited number of freshwater sediments or wastewater treatment sludge as the inoculum. In this study, using stable isotope measurements and porewater profiles, we investigated the potential of n-damo in a minerotrophic peatland in the south of the Netherlands that is infiltrated by nitrate-rich ground water. Methane and nitrate profiles suggested that all methane produced was oxidized before reaching the oxic layer, and NC10 bacteria could be active in the transition zone where countergradients of methane and nitrate occur. Quantitative PCR showed high NC10 bacterial cell numbers at this methane-nitrate transition zone. This soil section was used to enrich the prevalent NC10 bacteria in a continuous culture supplied with methane and nitrite at anin situpH of 6.2. An enrichment of nitrite-reducing methanotrophic NC10 bacteria was successfully obtained. Phylogenetic analysis of retrieved 16S rRNA andpmoAgenes showed that the enriched bacteria were very similar to the ones foundin situand constituted a new branch of NC10 bacteria with an identity of less than 96 and 90% to the 16S rRNA andpmoAgenes of “Ca. Methylomirabilis oxyfera,” respectively. The results of this study expand our knowledge of the diversity and distribution of NC10 bacteria in the environment and highlight their potential contribution to nitrogen and methane cycles.

scholarly journals Diversity, enrichment, and genomic potential of anaerobic methane- and ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms from a brewery wastewater treatment plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (16) ◽  
pp. 7201-7212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Stultiens ◽  
Maartje A.H.J. van Kessel ◽  
Jeroen Frank ◽  
Peter Fischer ◽  
Chris Pelzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxidation Rate ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Brewery Wastewater ◽  
Activity Measurements

Abstract Anaerobic wastewater treatment offers several advantages; however, the effluent of anaerobic digesters still contains high levels of ammonium and dissolved methane that need to be removed before these effluents can be discharged to surface waters. The simultaneous anaerobic removal of methane and ammonium by denitrifying (N-damo) methanotrophs in combination with anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria could be a potential solution to this challenge. After a molecular survey of a wastewater plant treating brewery effluent, indicating the presence of both N-damo and anammox bacteria, we started an anaerobic bioreactor with a continuous supply of methane, ammonium, and nitrite to enrich these anaerobic microorganisms. After 14 months of operation, a stable enrichment culture containing two types of ‘Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera’ bacteria and two strains of ‘Ca. Brocadia’-like anammox bacteria was achieved. In this community, anammox bacteria converted 80% of the nitrite with ammonium, while ‘Ca. Methylomirabilis’ contributed to 20% of the nitrite consumption. The analysis of metagenomic 16S rRNA reads and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) correlated well and showed that, after 14 months, ‘Ca. Methylomirabilis’ and anammox bacteria constituted approximately 30 and 20% of the total microbial community. In addition, a substantial part (10%) of the community consisted of Phycisphaera-related planctomycetes. Assembly and binning of the metagenomic sequences resulted in high-quality draft genome of two ‘Ca. Methylomirabilis’ species containing the marker genes pmoCAB, xoxF, and nirS and putative NO dismutase genes. The anammox draft genomes most closely related to ‘Ca. Brocadia fulgida’ included the marker genes hzsABC, hao, and hdh. Whole-reactor and batch anaerobic activity measurements with methane, ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate revealed an average anaerobic methane oxidation rate of 0.12 mmol h−1 L−1 and ammonium oxidation rate of 0.5 mmol h−1 L−1. Together, this study describes the enrichment and draft genomes of anaerobic methanotrophs from a brewery wastewater treatment plant, where these organisms together with anammox bacteria can contribute significantly to the removal of methane and ammonium in a more sustainable way. Key points • An enrichment culture containing both N-damo and anammox bacteria was obtained. • Simultaneous consumption of ammonia, nitrite, and methane under anoxic conditions. • In-depth metagenomic biodiversity analysis of inoculum and enrichment culture.

scholarly journals Evidence for the Cooccurrence of Nitrite-Dependent Anaerobic Ammonium and Methane Oxidation Processes in a Flooded Paddy Field

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (24) ◽  
pp. 7611-7619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-dong Shen ◽  
Shuai Liu ◽  
Qian Huang ◽  
Xu Lian ◽  
Zhan-fei He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Oxidation ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Wetland Soils ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Damo Bacteria

ABSTRACTAnaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) and nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (n-damo) are two of the most recent discoveries in the microbial nitrogen cycle. In the present study, we provide direct evidence for the cooccurrence of the anammox and n-damo processes in a flooded paddy field in southeastern China. Stable isotope experiments showed that the potential anammox rates ranged from 5.6 to 22.7 nmol N2g−1(dry weight) day−1and the potential n-damo rates varied from 0.2 to 2.1 nmol CO2g−1(dry weight) day−1in different layers of soil cores. Quantitative PCR showed that the abundance of anammox bacteria ranged from 1.0 × 105to 2.0 × 106copies g−1(dry weight) in different layers of soil cores and the abundance of n-damo bacteria varied from 3.8 × 105to 6.1 × 106copies g−1(dry weight). Phylogenetic analyses of the recovered 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that anammox bacteria affiliated with “CandidatusBrocadia” and “CandidatusKuenenia” and n-damo bacteria related to “CandidatusMethylomirabilis oxyfera” were present in the soil cores. It is estimated that a total loss of 50.7 g N m−2per year could be linked to the anammox process, which is at intermediate levels for the nitrogen flux ranges of aerobic ammonium oxidation and denitrification reported in wetland soils. In addition, it is estimated that a total of 0.14 g CH4m−2per year could be oxidized via the n-damo process, while this rate is at the lower end of the aerobic methane oxidation rates reported in wetland soils.

scholarly journals Anaerobic oxidation of methane in grassland soils used for cattle husbandry

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3891-3899 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bannert ◽  
C. Bogen ◽  
J. Esperschütz ◽  
A. Koubová ◽  
F. Buegger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Oxidation ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Anaerobic Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Anaerobic Oxidation ◽  
Incubation Experiment ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Oxidation Activity ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Cattle Husbandry

Abstract. While the importance of anaerobic methane oxidation has been reported for marine ecosystems, the role of this process in soils is still questionable. Grasslands used as pastures for cattle overwintering show an increase in anaerobic soil micro-sites caused by animal treading and excrement deposition. Therefore, anaerobic potential methane oxidation activity of severely impacted soil from a cattle winter pasture was investigated in an incubation experiment under anaerobic conditions using 13C-labelled methane. We were able to detect a high microbial activity utilizing CH4 as nutrient source shown by the respiration of 13CO2. Measurements of possible terminal electron acceptors for anaerobic oxidation of methane were carried out. Soil sulfate concentrations were too low to explain the oxidation of the amount of methane added, but enough nitrate and iron(III) were detected. However, only nitrate was consumed during the experiment. 13C-PLFA analyses clearly showed the utilization of CH4 as nutrient source mainly by organisms harbouring 16:1ω7 PLFAs. These lipids were also found as most 13C-enriched fatty acids by Raghoebarsing et al. (2006) after addition of 13CH4 to an enrichment culture coupling denitrification of nitrate to anaerobic oxidation of methane. This might be an indication for anaerobic oxidation of methane by relatives of "Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera" in the investigated grassland soil under the conditions of the incubation experiment.

scholarly journals Archaea catalyze iron-dependent anaerobic oxidation of methane

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (45) ◽  
pp. 12792-12796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina F. Ettwig ◽  
Baoli Zhu ◽  
Daan Speth ◽  
Jan T. Keltjens ◽  
Mike S. M. Jetten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Ferric Iron ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Biogeochemical Cycles ◽  
Anaerobic Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Anaerobic Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate

Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is crucial for controlling the emission of this potent greenhouse gas to the atmosphere. Nitrite-, nitrate-, and sulfate-dependent methane oxidation is well-documented, but AOM coupled to the reduction of oxidized metals has so far been demonstrated only in environmental samples. Here, using a freshwater enrichment culture, we show that archaea of the order Methanosarcinales, related to “Candidatus Methanoperedens nitroreducens,” couple the reduction of environmentally relevant forms of Fe3+ and Mn4+ to the oxidation of methane. We obtained an enrichment culture of these archaea under anaerobic, nitrate-reducing conditions with a continuous supply of methane. Via batch incubations using [13C]methane, we demonstrated that soluble ferric iron (Fe3+, as Fe-citrate) and nanoparticulate forms of Fe3+ and Mn4+ supported methane-oxidizing activity. CO2 and ferrous iron (Fe2+) were produced in stoichiometric amounts. Our study connects the previous finding of iron-dependent AOM to microorganisms detected in numerous habitats worldwide. Consequently, it enables a better understanding of the interaction between the biogeochemical cycles of iron and methane.

scholarly journals Propionate Oxidation by and Methanol Inhibition of Anaerobic Ammonium-Oxidizing Bacteria

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 1066-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didem Güven ◽  
Ana Dapena ◽  
Boran Kartal ◽  
Markus C. Schmid ◽  
Bart Maas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Methanol Inhibition ◽  
Propionate Oxidation ◽  
Anammox Process

ABSTRACT Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a recently discovered microbial pathway and a cost-effective way to remove ammonium from wastewater. Anammox bacteria have been described as obligate chemolithoautotrophs. However, many chemolithoautotrophs (i.e., nitrifiers) can use organic compounds as a supplementary carbon source. In this study, the effect of organic compounds on anammox bacteria was investigated. It was shown that alcohols inhibited anammox bacteria, while organic acids were converted by them. Methanol was the most potent inhibitor, leading to complete and irreversible loss of activity at concentrations as low as 0.5 mM. Of the organic acids acetate and propionate, propionate was consumed at a higher rate (0.8 nmol min−1 mg of protein−1) by Percoll-purified anammox cells. Glucose, formate, and alanine had no effect on the anammox process. It was shown that propionate was oxidized mainly to CO2, with nitrate and/or nitrite as the electron acceptor. The anammox bacteria carried out propionate oxidation simultaneously with anaerobic ammonium oxidation. In an anammox enrichment culture fed with propionate for 150 days, the relative amounts of anammox cells and denitrifiers did not change significantly over time, indicating that anammox bacteria could compete successfully with heterotrophic denitrifiers for propionate. In conclusion, this study shows that anammox bacteria have a more versatile metabolism than previously assumed.

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation in polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate immobilized biomass system: a potential tool to maintain anammox biomass in application

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 718-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang-Li Zhu ◽  
Jia Yan ◽  
Yong-You Hu
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Gel Beads ◽  
Key Factor

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) has been proved to be a promising nitrogen removal method for treating ammonium-rich wastewater. However, because of the low-growth rate of anammox bacteria, maintenance of a sufficient amount of anammox biomass in reactor became a key factor in application. Gel immobilization is an efficient method to prevent biomass from being washed out and to promote hyper-concentrated cultures. This study focused on a nitrogen removal process by anammox enrichment culture immobilized in polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate (PVA-SA) gel beads. The rapid startup of reactor demonstrated that gel entrapment was supposed to be a highly effective technique for immobilizing anammox bacteria. The anammox bacteria present in the enrichment were identified to be Jettenia-like species (>98%). Moreover, the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT), pH, and temperature on immobilized anammox processes were investigated. The effect of pH and temperature on the anammox process was evidently weakened in PVA-SA immobilized gel beads, however, the effect of HRT on the anammox reaction was enhanced. Therefore, a stable operated reactor could be obtained in an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor, which proved gel immobilization was an excellent method to maintain the biomass in anammox reactor for application.

scholarly journals Anaerobic oxidation of methane: an underappreciated aspect of methane cycling in peatland ecosystems?

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 7945-7983 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Smemo ◽  
J. B. Yavitt
Keyword(s):  
Large Body ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Anaerobic Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Anaerobic Oxidation ◽  
Ch4 Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Ch4 Production

Abstract. Despite a large body of literature on microbial anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in marine sediments and saline waters and its importance to the global methane (CH4) cycle, until recently little work has addressed the potential occurrence and importance of AOM in non-marine systems. This is particularly true for peatlands, which represent both a massive sink for atmospheric CO2 and a significant source of atmospheric CH4. Our knowledge of this process in peatlands is inherently limited by the methods used to study CH4 dynamics in soil and sediment and the assumption that there are no anaerobic sinks for CH4 in these systems. Studies suggest that AOM is CH4-limited and difficult to detect in potential CH4 production assays against a background of CH4 production. In situ rates also might be elusive due to background rates of aerobic CH4 oxidation and the difficulty in separating net and gross process rates. Conclusive evidence for the electron acceptor in this process has not been presented. Nitrate and sulfate are both plausible and favorable electron acceptors, as seen in other systems, but there exist theoretical issues related to the availability of these ions in peatlands and only circumstantial evidence suggests that these pathways are important. Iron cycling is important in many wetland systems, but recent evidence does not support the notion of CH4 oxidation via dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction or a CH4 oxidizing archaea in consortium with an Fe(III) reducer. Calculations based on published rates demonstrate that AOM might be a significant and underappreciated constraint on the global CH4 cycle, although much about the process in unknown, in vitro rates may not relate well to in situ rates, and projections based on those rates are fraught with uncertainty. We suggest electron transfer mechanisms, C flow and pathways, and quantifying in situ peatland AOM rates as the highest priority topics for future research.

scholarly journals Anaerobic methanotrophic communities thrive in deep submarine permafrost

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Winkel ◽  
Julia Mitzscherling ◽  
Pier P. Overduin ◽  
Fabian Horn ◽  
Maria Winterfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Anaerobic Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Archaeal Communities ◽  
Permafrost Sediments ◽  
Methane Concentrations ◽  
Methanotrophic Communities

AbstractThawing submarine permafrost is a source of methane to the subsurface biosphere. Methane oxidation in submarine permafrost sediments has been proposed, but the responsible microorganisms remain uncharacterized. We analyzed archaeal communities and identified distinct anaerobic methanotrophic (ANME-2a/b, ANME-2d) assemblages in frozen and completely thawed submarine permafrost sediments. Besides archaea potentially involved in AOM we found a large diversity of archaea mainly belonging to Bathyarchaeota, Thaumarchaeota, and Euryarchaeota. Methane concentrations and δ13C-methane signatures distinguish horizons of potential anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) coupled either to sulfate reduction in a sulfate-methane transition zone (SMTZ) or to the reduction of other electron acceptors, such as iron, manganese or nitrate. Analysis of functional marker genes (mcrA) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) corroborate AOM communities in submarine permafrost sediments potentially active at low temperatures. Extrapolating potential AOM rates, when scaled to the total area of expected submarine permafrost thaw, reveals that methane could be consumed at rates between 8 and 120 Tg C per year, which is comparable to other AOM habitats such as seeps, continental SMTZ and wetlands. We thus propose that AOM is active where submarine permafrost thaws and needs to be accounted for in global methane budgets.

scholarly journals New Anaerobic, Ammonium-Oxidizing Community Enriched from Peat Soil

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 966-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao-lan Hu ◽  
Darci Rush ◽  
Erwin van der Biezen ◽  
Ping Zheng ◽  
Mark van Mullekom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation

ABSTRACTAnaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria have been recognized as an important sink for fixed nitrogen and are detected in many natural environments. However, their presence in terrestrial ecosystems has long been overlooked, and their contribution to the nitrogen cycling in natural and agricultural soils is currently unknown. Here we describe the enrichment and characterization of anammox bacteria from a nitrogen-loaded peat soil. After 8 months of incubation with the natural surface water of the sampling site and increasing ammonium and nitrite concentrations, anammox cells constituted 40 to 50% of the enrichment culture. The two dominant anammox phylotypes were affiliated with “CandidatusJettenia asiatica” and “CandidatusBrocadia fulgida.” The enrichment culture converted NH4+and NO2−to N2with the previously reported stoichiometry (1:1.27) and had a maximum specific anaerobic ammonium oxidation rate of 0.94 mmol NH4+·g (dry weight)−1·h−1at pH 7.1 and 32°C. The diagnostic anammox-specific lipids were detected at a concentration of 650 ng·g (dry weight)−1, and pentyl-[3]-ladderane was the most abundant ladderane lipid.

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