scholarly journals An Interplay between Viruses and Bacteria Associated with the White Sea Sponges Revealed by Metagenomics

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Rusanova ◽  
Victor Fedorchuk ◽  
Stepan Toshchakov ◽  
Svetlana Dubiley ◽  
Dmitry Sutormin
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
White Sea ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
Community Interactions ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Viral Communities ◽  
Species Specific

Sponges are remarkable holobionts harboring extremely diverse microbial and viral communities. However, the interactions between the components within holobionts and between a holobiont and environment are largely unknown, especially for polar organisms. To investigate possible interactions within and between sponge-associated communities, we probed the microbiomes and viromes of cold-water sympatric sponges Isodictya palmata (n = 2), Halichondria panicea (n = 3), and Halichondria sitiens (n = 3) by 16S and shotgun metagenomics. We showed that the bacterial and viral communities associated with these White Sea sponges are species-specific and different from the surrounding water. Extensive mining of bacterial antiphage defense systems in the metagenomes revealed a variety of defense mechanisms. The abundance of defense systems was comparable in the metagenomes of the sponges and the surrounding water, thus distinguishing the White Sea sponges from those inhabiting the tropical seas. We developed a network-based approach for the combined analysis of CRISPR-spacers and protospacers. Using this approach, we showed that the virus–host interactions within the sponge-associated community are typically more abundant (three out of four interactions studied) than the inter-community interactions. Additionally, we detected the occurrence of viral exchanges between the communities. Our work provides the first insight into the metagenomics of the three cold-water sponge species from the White Sea and paves the way for a comprehensive analysis of the interactions between microbial communities and associated viruses.

scholarly journals An interplay between viruses and bacteria associated with marine sponges from the White Sea revealed by metagenomics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Rusanova ◽  
Victor Fedorchuk ◽  
Stepan Toshchakov ◽  
Svetlana Dubiley ◽  
Dmitry Sutormin
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
White Sea ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
Community Interactions ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Viral Communities

Sponges are remarkable holobionts harboring extremely diverse microbial and viral communities. However, the interactions between the components within holobionts and between a holobiont and environment are largely unknown, especially for polar organisms. To investigate possible interactions within the sponge-associated communities and between them, we probed the microbiomes and viromes of cold-water sympatric sponges Isodictya palmata, Halichondria panicea, and Halichondria sitiens by 16S and shotgun metagenomics. We showed that the bacterial and viral communities associated with these White Sea sponges are species-specific and different from the surrounding water. Extensive mining of bacterial antiphage defense systems in the metagenomes revealed a variety of defense mechanisms. The abundance of defense systems was comparable in the metagenomes of the sponges and the surrounding water, thus distinguishing the White Sea sponges from those inhabiting the tropical seas. We developed a network-based approach for the combined analysis of CRISPR-spacers and protospacers. Using this approach, we showed that the virus-host interactions within the sponge-associated community are typically more abundant than the inter-community interactions. Additionally, we detected the occurrence of viral exchanges between the communities. Our work provides the first insight into the metagenomics of the three cold-water sponge species from the White Sea and paves the way for a comprehensive analysis of the interactions between microbial communities and associated viruses.

scholarly journals Transcriptional dynamics following freezing stress reveal selection for mechanisms of freeze tolerance at the poleward range margin in the cold water intertidal barnacle Semibalanus balanoides

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie E. Marshall ◽  
Eddy J. Dowle ◽  
Alexandra Petrunina ◽  
Gregory Kolbasov ◽  
Benny K. K. Chan
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
White Sea ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Freeze Tolerance ◽  
Freezing Stress ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
Semibalanus Balanoides ◽  
Range Margin ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
Two Populations

AbstractThe ability to survive freezing has repeatedly evolved across multiple phyla. This suggests that the mechanisms of freeze tolerance must be readily evolvable from basal physiological traits. While several biochemical correlates to freeze tolerance have been described, the mechanism that confers freeze tolerance is still not well understood. To understand both the basic biochemical mechanisms of freeze tolerance as well as their role in local adaptation at the poleward range edge, we conducted a transcriptomic study on two populations (one from the poleward range margin in the White Sea, Russia, and one from the central coast of British Columbia, Canada) of the cold water acorn barnacle Semibalanus balanoides on a time series following a freezing event. We found that the British Columbia population (at the equatorward range margin) was significantly less freeze tolerant than the White Sea population (at the poleward range margin). After assembling and annotating a de novo transcriptome for S. balanoides, we found that the patterns of differential transcript expression following freezing were almost entirely non-overlapping between the two populations, with the White Sea population expressing a series of heat shock proteins in response to freezing stress as well as several aquaporins, while the British Columbia population expressed a series of proteases instead, indicating severe protein damage. We found strong evidence of purifying selection on the significantly upregulated transcripts in the White Sea population, suggesting local adaptation to freezing threat. Taken together, this shows the importance of freeze tolerance to population survival at the poleward range margin, and highlights the central roles of aquaporins and heat shock proteins to the trait of freeze tolerance across taxa.

scholarly journals The Benthic Fauna of the Lov Inlet (The Kandalaksha bay, the White Sea): up to Date and Forty Years Old Archival Material

2018 ◽  
Vol 322 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-518
Author(s):  
A.D. Naumov ◽  
K.L. Bijagov ◽  
O.N. Savchenko ◽  
D.A. Aristov ◽  
N.L. Usov
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
White Sea ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Saccharina Latissima ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
Kandalaksha Bay ◽  
Winter Time

Sea-floor communities of the scoop-type Lov Inlet (the White Sea, the Kandalaksha Bay) were investigated. The comparison with similar data from the beginning of 1970th was carried out. It was found that under the pycnocline the Arctic type fauna with dominating species Portlandia arctica still remains. Above the pycnocline, essential changes have been found in comparison with 40 years old data. Bivalve mollusks had been dominating in 1970-s, while now the Polychaeta species Alitta virens holds a leading position. Also, strong changes were observed within community of the head-inlet threshold. In 1970-s a dense settlement of brown algae Saccharina latissima had been recorded on the most of the area. In 2010-s, only single thalli of this species were encountered. The water-column structure was analyzed in details. Integrated vertical profiles of temperature, salinity and oxygen content were investigated. It was found out, that the oxycline was situated almost at the same depth with the pycnocline . The oxygen content increased with the depth. Such situation is possible only when deep-water exchange occurs during winter time. This allows to propose that in winter time cold water enriched by oxygen drains from the surface into scoops near-bottom water-layers. From our observations, it was suggested that the summer stratification of the Lov Inlet waters is a result of winter advective processes. The time of complete water exchange in the inlet was estimated on the base of data on the fresh-water drain and compensative reverse flow, using the model and taking into account mixing processes. This time is equal to approximately 200 years. It allowed to assess the risk managementof the inlet. As a result, we recommend to prohibit any activity which may restrict water-exchange and provoke organic pollution.

The Community of the White Sea Microbenthos as an Indicator of the Sate of the Aquatic Environment

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
V. L. Burkovskiy ◽  
A. K. Kashunin ◽  
A. I. Azovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
White Sea ◽  
The White Sea

Hydrological and hydrochemical research of the mouths of the small rivers flowing to the White sea in the winter low water season of 2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1089-1092
Author(s):  
I. V. Miskevich ◽  
A. V. Leshchev ◽  
D. S. Moseev ◽  
A. S. Lokhov
Keyword(s):  
White Sea ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
Hydrochemical Parameters ◽  
Catchment Basin ◽  
Onega Bay ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Tidal Estuaries ◽  
Hydrochemical Studies ◽  
River Mouths

In the winter low water season in March and the first week of April 2019, complex hydrological and hydrochemical studies were carried out at the mouths of two small rivers of the White Sea catchment basin (the Mudyuga river, which flows into the Dvina Bay, and the Tamitsa river, which flows into the Onega Bay). The results indicate significant differences in the short-period variability of hydrological and hydrochemical parameters in the winter in the studied river mouths compared with the characteristics observed in the tidal estuaries of large and medium rivers, as well as in the mouths of small rivers of the southern seas.

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