Groundwater pollution in the Mesta River terrace caused by Eleshnitsa tailings pond – current status

Even after the implementation of eco-protective measures, the Eleshnitsa tailings pond continues to contaminate the Quaternary aquifer, formed in the alluvial deposits of Mesta River. A three-dimensional model of mass transport of selected key pollutants is developed on the basis of hydrochemical studies, geophysical surveys, and processing and systematization of monitoring data. The spread and degree of contamination in the Quaternary aquifer are estimated.

Epizootic situation with infectious and invasive diseases in fishery of LLC “Nikolaev RMS”

Most fish farms in their economic activities for the reproduction and cultivation of fish rely on the use of a set of intensification measures, but, despite them, the spread of infectious and invasive diseases and the deterioration of the epizootic condition does not stop. Fish farms are most exposed to pathogenic effects, as they specialize in raising young fish, which is more susceptible to this type of disease. During the growing season, we conducted hydrobiological and hydrochemical studies, analyzed the epizootic state of the farm, and identified the intensity of the spread of invasive fish diseases in summer and autumn. Because invasive diseases complicate the process of reproduction and rearing of fish, which primarily leads to refusal of food, reducing the intensity of its growth, the death of a large number of aquatic organisms, which causes significant economic losses in the production process. The main purpose of the work was: identifying pathogens of infectious and parasitic diseases to identify them; establishing the intensity of infection; selection of methods of fish treatment and disease prevention in the carp farm of Mykolayivska RMS LLC and Babin-Ryba fish farm. Studies have shown that a significant proportion of fish was affected by pathogens of the class Sestoidea (cestodes): Khawia sinensis (caviosis), Caryophyllosis (karyophilosis) in all age groups, Dyplostomums pathaceum (diplostomosis), Trichodina domerguei forma acdose and three others. (ligulosis), Lernaeosis (Lerniosis), Bothriocephalus acheloignati (botryocephalus). To control the incidence of fish used cestozol, which contains 70 % niclosamide and 30 % levamisole, which helped to overcome the source of infection and curb the incidence. To prevent the occurrence of such phenomena in the future economy, it is recommended to strictly follow the veterinary and sanitary rules and regulations provided by the technological processes of reproduction and cultivation of fish.

Hydrochemical studies on the transect “Kola meridian” using the d18O isotope tracer

The results of hydrochemical studies at 10 stations of the transect “Kola meridian” opencast performed on the expedition NIS “Dalnye Zelentsy” in April 2019, where hydrochemical studies of phosphate phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen and silicon were performed, are presented. To analyze the data, a technique using the 18O isotope tracer was used. The measure of production and destruction of selected nutrients was determined by the author's method. Two alleged foci of phytoplankton activity were identified: areas in the region of the ice edge in the north of the section and in the waters of the Murmansk coastal course. The state of the waters in the section is defined as late spring.

Quantitative assessment of the health risk, associated with drinking water quality in the Gusinoozersk industrial hub

Drinking water, as one of the main components of the habitat, determines human health and quality of life. In the past few decades, almost all water sources, both surface and underground, have been subject to intensive anthropogenic and technogenic impact. Lake Gusinoye, which is the main source of drinking water supply to adjacent settlements, is experiencing significant anthropogenic pressure. Based on the results of hydrochemical studies, the toxic effect of heavy metals on the population health, resulting from the consumption of drinking water of the centralised water supply from Gusinoye Lake, was considered. The results of a quantitative assessment of public health hazards showed that the risk of non-carcinogenic (toxic) effects is high in the territory of the Gusinoozersk industrial hub.

Investigation of Hydrochemical Parameters of Water Resources in Kamarderaz Anticline Plunge in the Southwest of IRAN

Changes in the quality of karstic water resources affected by the proximity to sources of salinity such as evaporate formations and oil brine pose major challenges to such water resources, especially in Khuzestan province, Iran. The karstic water resources of the Kamarderaz anticline plunge in Izeh city in Khuzestan province have hampered water supply management in the region. To determine water quality and the causes of water salinity in the study area, the hydrochemical parameters of the existing water resources were accordingly evaluated. To conduct hydrochemical studies, 21 samples were collected from different water sources of Kamarderaz anticline plunge in 2017–2018. To analyze the garnered data, Piper and Durov diagrams, composite graphs, ion exchange graphs, ion correlation diagrams, salinity source diagrams and ion ratios were used. The results showed that SO42−, Cl−, and Ca2+ in the water resources of the study area were likely due to several sources including carbonate minerals, gypsum dissolution, anhydrite, halite as well as oil brine. Besides, Br/Cl, I/Cl ion ratios as well as Br-Cl and SO4-Cl diagrams revealed the mixing of karstic freshwater with oil brine in the region. The result of TOC analysis also showed that hydrocarbon materials were present in the well of Atabaki (WT). Moreover, elemental sulfur and sulfur isotope analysis showed that the process of thermochemical sulfate reduction or bacterial sulfate reduction in the presence of hydrocarbons produced H2S gas, and eventually penetrated the WT and WH1.

Chemical Characteristics and Assessment of Groundwater Quality Between Two Geological Group of the Lower Benue Trough ,Nigeria

Hydrochemical studies was carried out within two geological groups of the Albian to Turonian in age to evaluate factors that influences hydrochemistry of groundwater. To achieve this, 30 groundwater samples were collected. Parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity (Ec), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness (TH) and hydrochemical characteristics (Na2+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3¯, NO3¯, Cl¯, CO23¯ and SO42¯) of groundwater were determined. Findings revealed that pH value for Asu River Group ranges from 5.3 to 7.5, and that of Eze Aku Group ranges from 4.1 to 7.9. It was observed that areas around the mines had low pH value. Analyzed results that was obtained were interpreted using various hydrogeochemical models. Parson plots showed that groundwater within the two geological groups fell within Ca˗Mg˗SO4 and Ca˗Mg˗Cl. Results from End˗member plots revealed that 96 % groundwater samples analyzed were categorize under carbonate weathering, 4 % fell under silicate weathering. Deductions from Gibbs revealed that interactions between groundwater and surrounding host rocks is the major processes responsible for chemical characteristics of groundwater, Diamond field plots further suggested that groundwater from the two geological group were categorized to be high in Ca + Mg & SO4 + Cl, plot of Ca2+/(HCO3¯ + SO42¯) against Na+/Cl¯ revealed that groundwater were considered to be within natural state for the two group. Plot of TDS against TH showed that groundwater was classified to be soft fresh water. The study revealed there was no significant difference between factors that influences groundwater within the two geological group.

Glacier biogeochemistry: from Haut Glacier d’Arolla to the Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets

<p>Glacier biogeochemistry grew out of hydrochemical studies of water movement through small valley glaciers in the 1970’s into modern studies of ice sheet runoff and ice berg fertilisation of the oceans. This talk will briefly review how this happened, and then look at the current research agenda with a view to identifying research needs and future research directions. Research on subglacial lakes, nutrient export to the oceans, biological ice sheet darkening and the production of bioavialable, yet ancient, dissolved organic carbon on glaciers will be covered. Finally, when you think you know it all, a new process fundamental process turns up. Recent work on the release and production of bioavailable chemicals by glacier erosion will be highlighted, including the significance of the this work in the search for life beyound Earth.  </p>

Assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purpose using hydrochemical studies in Dera Bassi town and its surrounding agricultural area of Dera Bassi Tehsil of Punjab, India

Present research aims to assess the suitability of groundwater of Dera Bassi town (Punjab) and its surrounding agricultural area for drinking as well as irrigation purpose. Thirty groundwater samples were collected (in February 2020) and analyzed for various physicochemical parameters. Results of physicochemical analysis were compared with Indian (IS 10500:2012) as well as WHO (2006) standards to ascertain the suitability of the groundwater samples for drinking purpose, and it has been found that results for almost all the parameters except alkalinity (at few sites) are within the permissible limit. The pattern of ionic dominance was observed in the order of Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+ for cations and Cl− > NO3− > SO42− > F− for anions. Further, according to the observed Kelly’s ratio, sodium adsorption ratio, sodium percentage, corrosivity ratio and permeability index, the groundwater samples were found to be fit for irrigation purpose. However, the magnesium ratio and residual sodium carbonate revealed that groundwater of the area under study is not fit for irrigation purpose at some sites. The plot of SAR values versus EC values in the US Salinity Laboratory diagram revealed that the majority of the samples fall under water type C3-S1 (high salinity—low SAR) and 36.77% samples fall under water type C2-S1 (medium salinity—low SAR). Gibb’s diagram revealed that all samples fall under rock dominance category. The values of index of base exchange (CAI 1 and CAI 2) indicate that both direct ion and reverse ion exchange processes are taking place in the region.

EXPEDITIONAL EXPLORATION OF THE KURIL ISLANDS IN 2021

This report gives a brief description of field work on the Kuril Islands in summer 2021 carried out by staff of the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology of FEB RAS within the framework of the Institute research theme and projects of the Russian Science Foundation (RSF) and Russian Fund for Basic Research (RFBR). To study chemical erosion of volcanic islands and to estimate hydrothermal export of magmatic volatiles, hydrological and hydrochemical works were carried out on the rivers draining the slopes and thermal fields of the Baransky volcano and the Bogdan Khmelnitsky volcanic massif (Iturup Island). Detailed hydrochemical studies with water sampling at different depths and a bathymetric survey of Lake Kipyashchey located in the caldera of Golovnin volcano (Kunashir Island) were performed. We also proceeded with studying the CO2 diffusion flux through thermal fields and volcanic lakes. In the course of ongoing regime observations on Ebeko volcano (Paramushir Island), aerial and infrared imaging of its near-crater part was carried out. For the first time since the eruption began in 2016, a quadcopter survey of the lake located in the Srednii (middle) crater of the volcano was conducted. For further analytical studies a large number of water and gas samples were taken, and the collection of sediments was replenished.