scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on the Robustness of the Probability of Default Estimation Model

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 3087
Author(s):  
Ming-Chin Hung ◽  
Yung-Kang Ching ◽  
Shih-Kuei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Credit Default Swap ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Test Model ◽  
Probability Of Default ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Reporting Standard ◽  
International Financial Reporting Standard ◽  
Estimation Models

Probability of default (PD) estimation is essential to the calculation of expected credit loss under the Basel III framework and the International Financial Reporting Standard 9. Gross domestic product (GDP) growth has been adopted as a key determinant in PD estimation models. However, PD models with a GDP covariate may not perform well under aberrant (i.e., outlier) conditions such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explored the robustness of a PD model with a GDP determinant (the test model) in comparison with that of a PD model with a credit default swap index (CDX) determinant (the alternative model). The test model had a significantly greater ratio of increase in Akaike information criterion than the alternative model in comparisons of the fit performance of models including 2020 data with that of models excluding 2020 data (i.e., that do not cover the COVID-19 pandemic). Furthermore, the Cook’s distance of the 2020 data of the test model was significantly greater than that of the alternative model. Therefore, the test model exhibited a serious robustness issue in outlier scenarios, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas the alternative model was more robust. This finding opens the prospect for the CDX to potentially serve as an alternative to GDP in PD estimation models.

scholarly journals Adapting the Default Weighted Survival Analysis Modelling Approach to Model IFRS 9 LGD

Risks ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Morne Joubert ◽  
Tanja Verster ◽  
Helgard Raubenheimer ◽  
Willem D. Schutte
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Survival Curve ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Reporting Standard ◽  
International Financial Reporting Standard ◽  
Ifrs 9

Survival analysis is one of the techniques that could be used to predict loss given default (LGD) for regulatory capital (Basel) purposes. When using survival analysis to model LGD, a proposed methodology is the default weighted survival analysis (DWSA) method. This paper is aimed at adapting the DWSA method (used to model Basel LGD) to estimate the LGD for International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 9 impairment requirements. The DWSA methodology allows for over recoveries, default weighting and negative cashflows. For IFRS 9, this methodology should be adapted, as the estimated LGD is a function of in the expected credit losses (ECL). Our proposed IFRS 9 LGD methodology makes use of survival analysis to estimate the LGD. The Cox proportional hazards model allows for a baseline survival curve to be adjusted to produce survival curves for different segments of the portfolio. The forward-looking LGD values are adjusted for different macro-economic scenarios and the ECL is calculated for each scenario. These ECL values are probability weighted to produce a final ECL estimate. We illustrate our proposed IFRS 9 LGD methodology and ECL estimation on a dataset from a retail portfolio of a South African bank.

scholarly journals Lobbying na Regulação Contábil: Evidências do Setor Petrolífero

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (65) ◽  
pp. 124-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odilanei Morais dos Santos ◽  
Ariovaldo dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
International Accounting ◽  
International Accounting Standards ◽  
Discussion Paper ◽  
Reporting Standard ◽  
International Financial Reporting Standard ◽  
International Accounting Standards Board

Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar os fatores determinantes à submissão de cartas comentários, como estratégia de lobbying no contexto da regulação contábil, à audiência pública do Discussion Paper Extractive Activities do International Accounting Standards Board IASB).Os resultados mostram o tamanho como fator determinante, em todas as modelagens utilizadas, indicando que grandes empresas petrolíferas possuem maior probabilidade para realizar lobbying. Essa propensão é verificada para posicionamentos essencialmente desfavoráveis às propostas apresentadas pelo IASB, o que implica em considerar que a revisão/substituição do International Financial Reporting Standard -IFRS6 será um processo complexo e sujeito a pressões por parte das empresas petrolíferas para manter o status quo.

Accounting Standards and Earnings Quality — Evidence from Registered ADRs

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (04) ◽  
pp. 1850022
Author(s):  
Yaseen S. Alhaj-Yaseen ◽  
Kean Wu ◽  
Leslie B. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Earnings Quality ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Securities And Exchange Commission ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Reporting Standard ◽  
International Financial Reporting Standard ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Gaap

This paper examines the changes in earnings quality of registered American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) as a result of switching accounting standards. We aim to shed light on the potential impact of International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) adoption on US firms. A suboptimal approach to achieve this goal is through examination of US firms’ surrogates such as ADRs. Unlike previous studies, we made a distinction between registered and unregistered ADRs and affirmed that registered ADRs are the closest surrogates with which to conduct our analysis because they are exclusively required to adhere to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)’s stringent disclosure requirements. When cross-listing their equity on the US exchanges, foreign issuers can file their financial reports with the SEC using IFRS, US GAAP (generally accepted accounting principles), or their domestic GAAP with reconciliation to US GAAP. An improvement in earnings quality is documented when ADRs adopt US GAAP or IFRS versus domestic GAAP. However, when the comparison is made between US GAAP and IFRS, no difference in earnings quality is documented. These results indicate that switching to high-quality accounting standards is likely to improve earnings quality. This improvement is maximized when the difference between reporting standards is high and minimized if otherwise. Our conclusion is that the adoption of IFRS in the US is unlikely to change earnings quality of local issuers. Moreover, we drew a distinction between reconciliation with and adoption of high-quality accountings standards and find that while the former can enhance earnings quality, the latter can further improve it.

scholarly journals IFRS based Zakat Reporting: Adoption Rational WesternMethod into Institutional Accountability

IKONOMIKA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Bintang Pamuncak ◽  
Bayu Taufiq Possumah ◽  
Zairihan Abdul Hamid3
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Reporting Standard ◽  
International Financial Reporting Standard ◽  
Financial Report ◽  
Institutional Accountability ◽  
Preliminary Study

This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of zakat institution and proposes the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) since it has developed and provides various product i.e zakat for productive purpose. This is important, considering that one of the measurement of accountability and transparency of an institution is providing brief financial report towards its beneficaries. Thereby, this study found that practically zakat institution is simillar to the SMEs, and there are 11 strandard of IFRS for SMEs that could be applicable to zakat institutionto achieve accountability and transparency. However, this study is preliminary study that proposes a conceptual frameworkwhich limited to the sharia compliance of IFRS that could be applicable to zakat Institution.Keywords: IFRS for SMEs, SMEs Criteria, Zakat InstitutionJEL Classification:

scholarly journals Internal model for IFRS 9 - Expected credit losses calculation

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hrvoje Volarević ◽  
Mario Varović
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Internal Model ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Reporting Standard ◽  
International Financial Reporting Standard ◽  
External Data ◽  
Simple Implementation ◽  
Ifrs 9 ◽  
Credit Losses

This article explores and analyzes the implementation problem of International Financial Reporting Standard 9 (IFRS 9) which is in use from 1 January 2018. IFRS 9 is most relevant for financial institutions, but also for all business subjects with a significant share of financial assets in their Balance sheet. The main objective of this article is the implementation of new impairment model for financial instruments, which is measurable through Expected Credit Losses (ECL). The use of this model is in correlation with a credit risk of the company for which it is necessary to determine basic variables of the model: Exposure at Default (EAD), Loss Given Default (LGD) and Probability of Default (PD). Basel legislation could be used for LGD calculation while PD calculation is based on specific methodology with two different solutions. In the first option, PD is taken as an external data from reliable rating agencies. When there is no external rating, an internal model for PD calculation has to be created. In order to develop an internal model, authors of this article propose application of multi-criteria decision-making model based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Input data in the model are based on information from financial statements while MS Excel is used for calculation of such multi-criteria problem. Results of internal model are mathematically related with PD values for each analyzed company. Simple implementation of this internal model is an advantage compared to other much more complicated models.

scholarly journals The expected impact of applying IFRS (17) insurance contracts on the quality of financial reports

Accounting ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 581-590
Author(s):  
Ahmad Dahiyat ◽  
Walid Owais
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Faithful Representation ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Reporting Standard ◽  
International Financial Reporting Standard ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Insurance Contracts ◽  
Analytical Approaches

This study aimed to explore the expected effect of applying the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 17 Insurance Contracts on the quality of financial reports. The study followed the exploratory descriptive analytical approaches. A questionnaire was developed and distributed to a sample of 120 financial employees in all insurance companies in Jordan. It concluded that the expected impact of applying the standard on the quality of financial reports was significant, especially on the comparability of financial reports, and faithful representation. It was found that there is an expected, statistically significant and positive effect between the application of the standard, and the quality of financial reports in general, and the expected influence of applying the standard and each of comparability, faithful representation, relevance, verifiability, timely, and understandability respectively. The study recommends the application of the standard in the specified time, work to create appropriate conditions, and the need to follow objective assumptions from the company's management for the estimation of cash flows when applying the standard.

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