Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes in the Kingdom of Bahrain: Prevalence, Gender Distribution and Impact on Hepatic Biomarkers

Background: Approximately 400 million people are infected with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) around the world, which makes it one of the world’s major infectious diseases. The prevalence of HBV genotypes and predictive factors for risk are poorly known in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of HBV genotypes, its correlation with demographic factor sand impacts on hepatic biomarkers. Materials and Methods: Venous blood samples were collected from 82 HBV positive patients (48 males, 34 females). The extraction of HBV DNA, PCR amplification, and genotyping were done to classify different genotypes (A, A/D, B, B/D, C, D, D/E, E). HBV genotypes association with gender, nationality, mode of transmission, and liver cirrhosis complication was determined by descriptive statistic and univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA). For liver function test, unpaired t-test and ANOVA were performed. Results: The predominant genotype among patients under study was genotype D (61%), followed by genotype A (10%), and lowest frequency was found for undetermined genotype (1%). In general, there was no significant association between the different genotypes and some demographical factors, serological investigations, and liver function test. The prevalence of HBV genotypes was higher in male patients as compared to female patients and higher in non-Bahraini than in Bahraini. Patients with the dominant genotype D showed higher than the normal maximum range for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (mean = 45.89) and Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (mean = 63.36). Conclusions: The most common HBV genotype in Bahrain was genotype D, followed by genotype A. Further studies involving the sources of transmission and impact of hepatic biomarker in Bahrain are required to enhance the control measures of HBV infections.

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Liver function test abnormalities in Nigerian patients with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus co-infection

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1177/0956462412473889 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 461-467 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M O Iroezindu ◽

O O Agbaji ◽

C A Daniyam ◽

G C Isiguzo ◽

C Isichei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Liver Function ◽

Liver Function Test ◽

B Virus ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Function Test

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Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase to alanine aminotransferase ratio predict the vascular invasion and outcome in hepatitis B virus related hepatocellular carcinoma

10.21203/rs.3.rs-439544/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zhifeng Zhao ◽

Jiayun Lin ◽

Xiaochun Ni ◽

Hongjie Li ◽

Lei Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Subgroup Analysis ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Vascular Invasion ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽

B Virus ◽

Glutamyl Transferase

Abstract Backgrounds: The ratio of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a predictive biomarker for hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, the relationship between GGT/ALT ratio and vascular invasion was explored in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC and tumor prognosis. Methods: Totally 558 patients were involved in this study. Univariate and multivariate logistic analysis were used to evaluate GGT/ALT as the risk factor of vascular invasion. Prognostic value of GGT/ALT was investigated by univariate and multivariate Cox analysis combined with Kaplan Meier curves. In order to reduce confounding bias, subgroup analysis and propensity score matching (PSM) were performed. Results: Patients were divided into high and low GGT/ALT groups with an optimal cut-off value of 2.95 in predicting vascular invasion. In univariate and multivariate logistic regression, high GGT/ALT group was listed as the independent risk factors for vascular invasion(P=0.03), the other risk factors included age (P=0.001), α-fetoprotein (AFP) (P=0.026), tumor size (P<0.001), tumor capsule (P=0.018), pathological differentiation (P<0.001) and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) classification (P<0.001). In survival analysis, high GGT/ALT ratio was associated with decreased overall survival (OS) (HR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.87; P<0.0001) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates (HR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.87; P<0.0001). In sensitivity analysis, comparable results were furtherly confirmed by subgroup analysis. In PSM analysis, GGT/ALT was still associated with vascular invasion independently (OR, 186; 95% CI, 1.23, 3.33). Conclusion: Preoperative GGT/ALT has good predictive value for vascular invasion, tumor severity and outcome in HBV-related HCC patients.

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Effects of hepatitis B virus infection, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase on prediabetes and diabetes mellitus: A cohort study

Annals of Hepatology ◽

10.1016/j.aohep.2019.08.008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 197-203

Author(s):

Ting Gan ◽

Ning Cheng ◽

Jiao Ding ◽

Zhiyuan Cheng ◽

Desheng Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽

Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽

B Virus ◽

Glutamyl Transferase

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Hepatitis B virus genotyping, detection of reverse transcriptase resistance and immune escape mutations in persons with chronic hepatitis B from Croatia

Molecular and experimental biology in medicine ◽

10.33602/mebm.3.1.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 23-28

Author(s):

Ivana Grgic ◽

Ivana Herceg ◽

Lana Gorenec ◽

Ivan Kurelac ◽

Adriana Vince ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Chronic Hepatitis ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Reverse Transcriptase ◽

Chronic Hepatitis B ◽

Immune Escape ◽

Hbv Genotypes ◽

B Virus ◽

Genotype A

Approximately 257 million people worldwide live with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, which, if left untreated, can lead to liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. The hepatitis B virus is a DNA virus with a reverse transcriptase that has no exonuclease activity, which results in a high mutation rate. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors, which interfere with viral replication, are used to treat the infection. Mutations in the A-B reverse transcriptase interdomain can be associated with resistance to antiviral drugs, as well as immune escape. The aim of this study was to analyze HBV genotypes circulating in the Croatian population and analyze resistance as well as immune escape mutations. A selected A-B reverse transcriptase interdomain was sequenced using the Sanger method. HBV genotypes, subtypes, drug resistance as well as immune escape mutations were analyzed using the Geno2Pheno algorithm in 30 patients with chronic hepatitis B. Genotype A (subtype A2) was detected in 20% and genotype D (subtypes D1, D2 and D3) in 80% of viral isolates. Drug resistance mutations rtL180M and rtM204V were detected only in genotype A isolates. Immune escape mutations R122K and sT131N were detected in all genotype A isolates, while mutations sD144E, sM133I, sM133L, sP120S, sQ101H and sR122K were detected in 8 genotype D isolates. Genotype distribution and the prevalence of mutations observed in this study are in accordance with data from the majority of other European countries.

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Liver Function Test on HBsAg Positive Blood Donors

Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3126/tujm.v4i0.21668 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 9-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amrit MS Maharjan ◽

Bharat Jha ◽

Anjana Singh

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Liver Function ◽

Liver Function Test ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Albumin Level ◽

Normal Range ◽

Serum Samples ◽

B Virus ◽

Function Test

Objectives: The study was done to assess liver function test among hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive blood donors.Methods: Liver function test (LFT) were studied in 71 HBsAg positive serum samples from healthy blood donors.Results: In the study, 14(19.7Ü) serum samples showed elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level above the normal range (5_35 IU/I) with mean 66.3±27.6; 16(22.5%) showed aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level above the normal range (5-40 IU/I) with mean 87.5±35.7; 4(5.6%) serum samples showed alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level above the normal range (306 IU/I) with mean 376.5±31.5; 49(69%) samples were found to be below the normal albumin level (38-51gm/I) with mean 23.9±5.76.Conclusion: Deviations in the serum enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP) as well as total protein and albumin level showed the silent infection of hepatitis B virus in healthy blood donors.

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Gamma glutamyl transferase ‘To be or not to be’ a liver function test?

Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1177/0004563216659887 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 53 (6) ◽

pp. 629-631 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

John F Dillon ◽

Michael H Miller

Keyword(s):

Liver Function ◽

Liver Function Test ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽

Gamma Glutamyl ◽

Function Test ◽

Glutamyl Transferase

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Detection of Hepatitis B Genotypes in HBsAg & HBeAg Carriers

Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.32553/jbpr.v7i5.556 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Salman Khan ◽

Molly Madan

Keyword(s):

Chronic Hepatitis ◽

Viral Load ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Chronic Hepatitis B ◽

Central Research ◽

Elisa Kit ◽

B Virus ◽

Negative Chronic Hepatitis ◽

Genotype A

Objective:- Hepatitis B is noteworthy medical issues that may include the late continuation of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The present study aimed for the detection and diffrentiation of Hepatitis B virus HBsAg inactive non-replicative carriers, HBeAg-positive inactive replicative carriers, active carriers & HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B by Real Time PCR and their genotyping Methods: This research conducted on 245 positive for HBsAg, 118 (48.16 %) were male and 127 (51.84%) were female patients, which was performed in central research station labortory of Microbiology at netaji subhash Chandra Bose subharti Medical College and Hospital, Meerut Between march 2016 to November 2017 The sera were separated and screened for HBsAg by ELISA kit. Positive samples for HBsAg were tested for HBeAg ELISA kit and DNA Viral load then sequenced for genotying Results:. Of the 245 HBsAg Positive case 55 (1.12%) were HBeAg positive. In 16 PCR positive and HBV genotyping, In HBsAg inactive Non-Replicative 37.5% (n=6) genotype-B and 6.25% (n=1) genotype-A, In HBeAg inactive Replicative 12.5% (n=2) genotype-B and 12.5% (n=2) genotype-A and In HBeAg Active Chronic Hepatitis B 18.75% (n=3) genotype-B and 12.5% (n=2) genotype-A were detected Conclusions: Management strategy, using HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA viral load, seems adequate for the confirmation and diffrentiation of Hepatitis B virus inactive, active carriers & HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients and genotype B was more prevalent in comparission to genotype A. Distribution of carriers & genotypes, help physicians to prescribe proper antiviral/interferon therapy according to current genotyping pattern in this region Keywords: Hepatitis B virus, Carrier State, HBsAg, HBeAg, RT-PCR

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