scholarly journals Identification of Anthocyanins and Their Fouling Mechanisms during Non-Thermal Nanofiltration of Blueberry Aqueous Extracts

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Ming Cai ◽  
Chunfang Xie ◽  
Huazhao Zhong ◽  
Baoming Tian ◽  
Kai Yang
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Critical Problem ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Cleaning Agents ◽  
Unknown Substance ◽  
Organic Fouling ◽  
Glycoside Bond ◽  
Monomeric Anthocyanins

Organic fouling in the nanofiltration (NF) process, which is a non-thermal technology to recover active components, is a critical problem limiting its applications. This study seeks to identify the anthocyanins on the NF membrane and explore their fouling mechanisms during concentration of blueberry extracts. Seven kinds of monomeric anthocyanins in foulants—delphinidin-3-O-galactoside, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-O-arabinoside, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, petunidin-3-O-galactoside, peonidin-3-O-glucoside, and malvidin-3-O-glucoside—were identified. Moreover, chalcone, myricetin derivative, and an unknown substance with [M+H]+ at m/z 261.1309, which is the fragment ion corresponding to the break of glycoside bond of anthocyanins, were obtained. Interactions between anthocyanins and membrane made from polyamide were principally governed by the CH-π and π-π stacking of aromatic rings, the establishment of hydrogen bonds, and electrostatic interaction. This study will be helpful to further control fouling and choice of cleaning agents in concentration of anthocyanins-rich extracts.

scholarly journals N′-(3-Hydroxybenzylidene)-4-methylbenzohydrazide

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. o1816-o1816
Author(s):  
Ji-Lai Liu ◽  
Ming-Hui Sun ◽  
Jing-Jun Ma
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Dihedral Angle ◽  
Title Compound ◽  
Crystal Packing ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Π Interactions ◽  
Compound C ◽  
Centroid Distance ◽  
Benzene Rings

The title compound, C15H14N2O2, was obtained from the reaction of 3-hydroxybenzaldhyde and 4-methylbenzohydrazide in methanol. In the molecule, the benzene rings form a dihedral angle of 2.9 (3)°. In the crystal, N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into layers parallel to (101). The crystal packing also exhibits π–π interactions between the aromatic rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.686 (4) Å].

scholarly journals Crystal structure of diethyl [(4-chloroanilino)(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phosphonateN,N-dimethylformamide monosolvate

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. o919-o920
Author(s):  
Qing-Ming Wang ◽  
Ming-Juan Zhu ◽  
Jin-Ming Yang ◽  
Shan-Shan Wang ◽  
Yan-Fang Shang
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Dihedral Angle ◽  
Title Compound ◽  
Double Layers ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Compound C

In the title compound, C17H21ClNO4P·C3H7NO, the dihedral angle formed by the aromatic rings is 83.98 (7)°. In the crystal, O—H...O, N—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into double layers parallel to (011).

scholarly journals Crystal structure of 1,2-bis[(2-tert-butylphenyl)imino]ethane

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. o385-o386
Author(s):  
Alexandre C. Silvino ◽  
Juliana M. Torres
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Angular Deviation ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Acta Cryst ◽  
Compound C ◽  
Angle Deviation ◽  
Steric Factors ◽  
Diimine Ligand ◽  
Intramolecular Hydrogen

The whole molecule of the title compound, C22H28N2, (I), is generated by inversion symmetry. The molecule is rather similar to that of 2,3-bis[(2-tert-butylphenyl)imino]butane, (II), a diimine ligand comprising similar structural features [Ferreiraet al.(2006).Acta Cryst.E62, o4282–o4284]. Both ligands crystallize with the –N=C(R)—C(R)=N– group around an inversion centre, in atransconfiguration. Comparing the two structures, it may be noted that the independent planar groups in both molecules [the central link, –N=C(R)—C(R)=N–, and the terminal aromatic ring] subtend an angle of 69.6 (1)° in (II) and 49.4 (2)° in (I). Ferreira and co-workers proposed that such angle deviation may be ascribed to the presence of two non-classical intramolecular hydrogen bonds and steric factors. In fact, in (I), similar non-classical hydrogen bonds are observed, and the larger angular deviation in (II) may be assigned to the presence of methyl groups in the diimino fragment, which can cause steric hindrance due to the presence of bulkytert-butyl substituents in the aromatic rings. The C=N bond lengths are similar in both compounds and agree with comonly accepted values.

scholarly journals Methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-5-(4-nitrobenzamido)benzoate

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. o207-o207
Author(s):  
Syeda Sohaila Naz ◽  
Nazar Ul Islam ◽  
M. Nawaz Tahir ◽  
Muhammad Raza Shah
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Nitro Group ◽  
Dihedral Angle ◽  
Title Compound ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Compound C ◽  
Dimensional Network

In the title compound, C15H12N2O7, the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 4.58 (13)° and the nitro group is rotated from its attached ring by 18.07 (17)°. Intramolecular N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen bonds generateS(5) andS(6) rings, respectively. In the crystal, molecules are linked by O—H...O hydrogen bonds, generating [001]C(7) chains. The chains are linked by C—H...O interactions, forming a three-dimensional network, which incorporatesR22(7) andR22(10) loops.

scholarly journals Crystal structures of 2-methylpyridinium hydrogen 2,3-bis(4-methylbenzoyloxy)succinate and bis-[4-methylpyridinium hydrogen 2,3-bis(4-methylbenzoyloxy)succinate] pentahydrate

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 1483-1487
Author(s):  
P. Sivakumar ◽  
S. Israel ◽  
G. Chakkaravarthi
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Pyridine Ring ◽  
Crystal Packing ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Asymmetric Unit ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Π Interactions ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
Anions And Cations

The title salt (I), C6H8N+·C20H17O8−, comprises a 2-methylpyridinium cation and a 2,3-bis(4-methylbenzoyloxy)succinate mono-anion while the salt (II), 2C6H8N+·2C20H17O8−·5H2O, consists of a pair of 4-methylpyridinium cations and 2,3-bis(4-methylbenzoyloxy)succinate mono-anions and five water molecules of solvation in the asymmetric unit. In (I), the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings of the anion is 40.41 (15)°, comparing with 43.0 (3) and 85.7 (2)° in the conformationally dissimilar anion molecules in (II). The pyridine ring of the cation in (I) is inclined at 23.64 (16) and 42.69 (17)° to the two benzene moieties of the anion. In (II), these comparative values are 4.7 (3), 43.5 (3)° and 43.5 (3), 73.1 (3)° for the two associated cation and anion pairs. The crystal packing of (I) is stabilized by inter-ionic N—H...O, O—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds as well as weak C—H...π interactions, linking the ions into infinite chains along [100]. In the crystal packing of (II), the anions and cations are also linked by N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen bonds involving also the water molecules, giving a two-dimensional network across (001). The crystal structure is also stabilized by weak C—H...O and C—H...π interactions.

scholarly journals (E)-2-Methyl-6-{[(5-methylpyridin-2-yl)imino]methyl}phenol

IUCrData ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Azharul Arafath ◽  
Farook Adam ◽  
Mohd. R. Razali
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Dihedral Angle ◽  
Title Compound ◽  
Zigzag Chain ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Compound C

In the title compound, C14H14N2O, the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 5.54 (9)°. The conformation is reinforced by an intramolecular O—H...N hydrogen bond, which closes anS(6) ring. The pyridine N atom and methyl group lie to opposite sides of the molecule. In the crystal, the molecules are linked into a zigzag chain propagating in [0-11] by weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds.

5-Nitrosalicylaldehyde (2-hydroxybenzoyl)hydrazone

2006 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. o3026-o3027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Mei Xu ◽  
Shi-Xiong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Title Compound ◽  
Crystal Packing ◽  
Dihedral Angles ◽  
Stacking Interactions ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Compound C ◽  
Π Stacking

The molecule of the title compound, C14H11N3O5, is approximately planar, the dihedral angles between the two aromatic rings being 4.63 (7)°. O—H...N, N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking interactions help to consolidate the crystal packing.

scholarly journals Crystal stucture of methyl 2-({[2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}amino)benzoate

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. o297-o298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasna Yassine ◽  
Mostafa Khouili ◽  
Lahcen El Ammari ◽  
Mohamed Saadi ◽  
El Mostafa Ketatni
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Dihedral Angle ◽  
Title Compound ◽  
Molecular Conformation ◽  
Dihedral Angles ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Compound C ◽  
Benzene Rings

In the title compound, C17H16N2O5, the dihedral angles between the central urea [N—C(=O)—N] fragment and its attached benzene rings are 20.20 (14) and 24.24 (13)°; the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 42.1 (1)°. The molecular conformation is consolidated by two intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds, which both generateS(6) rings. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of C—H...O interactions generateR22(14) loops. The dimers are linked by further C—H...O interactions into (011) sheets.

Pd−N−H···Cl−Pd Hydrogen Bonds and π−π Interactions between Fluorinated Aromatic Rings intrans-[PdCl2(NH2ArF)2]

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Baldovino-Pantaleón ◽  
David Morales-Morales ◽  
Simón Hernández-Ortega ◽  
Rubén A. Toscano ◽  
Jesús Valdés-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Π Interactions

(E)-4-[(4-Chlorophenyl)diazenyl]-2-isopropylphenol

2006 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. o3092-o3093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şehriman Atalay ◽  
Hande Petek ◽  
Nazan Ocak Ískeleli ◽  
Çiğdem Albayrak ◽  
Erbil Ağar
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Title Compound ◽  
Polymeric Chain ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Compound C

In the title compound, C15H15ClN2O, the aromatic rings adopt a trans configuration with respect to the N=N bond, as found for other diazene derivatives. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular O—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming a polymeric chain along the c axis.

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