scholarly journals The Effect of Plasticizers on the Polypyrrole-Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Based Conducting Polymer Electrolyte and Its Application in Semi-Transparent Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 791
Author(s):  
KM Manikandan ◽  
Arunagiri Yelilarasi ◽  
SS Saravanakumar ◽  
Raed H. Althomali ◽  
Anish Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Ethylene Carbonate ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Charge Transfer Resistance ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Average Roughness ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Doped Polymer

In this work, the quasi-solid-state polymer electrolyte containing poly(vinyl alcohol)-polypyrrole as a polymer host, potassium iodide (KI), iodine (I2), and different plasticizers (EC, PC, GBL, and DBP) was successfully prepared via the solution casting technique. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to analyze the interaction between the polymer and the plasticizer. X-ray diffraction confirmed the reduction of crystallinity in the polymer electrolyte by plasticizer doping. The ethylene carbonate-based polymer electrolyte showed maximum electrical conductivity of 0.496 S cm−1. The lowest activation energy of 0.863 kJ mol−1 was obtained for the EC-doped polymer electrolyte. The lowest charge transfer resistance Rct1 was due to a faster charge transfer at the counter electrode/electrolyte interface. The polymer electrolyte containing the EC plasticizer exhibited an average roughness of 23.918 nm. A photo-conversion efficiency of 4.19% was recorded in the DSSC with the EC-doped polymer electrolyte under the illumination of 100 mWcm−2.

scholarly journals Effect of nanostructured carbon coatings on the electrochemical performance of Li1.4Ni0.5Mn0.5O2+ x -based cathode materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1960-1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin A Kurilenko ◽  
Oleg A Shlyakhtin ◽  
Oleg A Brylev ◽  
Dmitry I Petukhov ◽  
Alexey V Garshev
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Charge Transfer Resistance ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Nanostructured Carbon ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Carbon Coatings ◽  
Lithium Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Electrochemical Cycling

Nanocomposites of Li1.4Ni0.5Mn0.5O2+ x and amorphous carbon were obtained by the pyrolysis of linear and cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in presence of Li1.4Ni0.5Mn0.5O2+ x . In the case of linear PVA, the formation of nanostructured carbon coatings on Li1.4Ni0.5Mn0.5O2+ x particles is observed, while for cross-linked PVA islands of mesoporous carbon are located on the boundaries of Li1.4Ni0.5Mn0.5O2+ x particles. The presence of the carbon framework leads to a decrease of the polarization upon cycling and of the charge transfer resistance and to an increase in the apparent Li+ diffusion coefficient from 10−16 cm2·s−1 (pure Li1.4Ni0.5Mn0.5O2+ x ) to 10−13 cm2·s−1. The nanosized carbon coatings also reduce the deep electrochemical degradation of Li1.4Ni0.5Mn0.5O2+ x during electrochemical cycling. The nanocomposite obtained by the pyrolysis of linear PVA demonstrates higher values of the apparent lithium diffusion coefficient, a higher specific capacity and lower values of charge transfer resistance, which can be related to the more uniform carbon coatings and to the significant content of sp2-hybridized carbon detected by XPS and by Raman spectroscopy.

scholarly journals Electrochemical, Structural and Morphological Characterization of Hydrothermally Fabricated Binary Palladium Alloys PdCo and PdNi

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 796
Author(s):  
Edson Meyer ◽  
Raymond Taziwa ◽  
Dorcas Mutukwa ◽  
Nyengerai Zingwe
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Binary Alloys ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Charge Transfer Resistance ◽  
Palladium Alloys ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells

This article details the development and characterization of binary palladium alloys synthesized via a hydrothermal process. Palladium alloys, being good redox catalysts, could potentially replace platinum in many applications such as in dye sensitized solar cells, capacitors and vehicular catalytic converters where platinum is vital for maximum productivity. A good replacement should be cheap, readily available and be able to offer comparable catalytic activity to that of platinum. As such we hereby attempt to hydrothermally fabricate and characterize binary palladium alloys PdNi and PdCo that could be ideal replacements for platinum. XRD analysis of the as-synthesized binary alloys revealed the existence of only palladium peaks at 2θ values of 40.1°, 46.7°, 68.1°, 82.1° and 86.6°, indicative of the successful formation of the binary alloys. SEM micrographs revealed that both alloys consisted of spherical particles with PdCo agglomerating to an extent, whereas PdNi was widely distributed, thus it could enhance electrolyte adsorption during catalytic reduction reactions. Cyclic voltammetry analysis at 50 mV∙s−1 revealed that PdNi is more electrocatalytically active with a reduction current density of 41 mA∙cm−2 compared to 18 mA∙cm−2 for PdCo. Lower charge transfer resistance from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed the superior catalytic ability of PdNi. The two palladium alloys also produced maximum specific capacitances of 68 and 27 F∙g−1 for PdNi and PdCo respectively. Analysis of the sample stability yielded coulombic efficiency retention of 98.7 and 97% for PdNi and PdCo respectively after 1000 cycles. Results obtained have shown that the palladium alloys with their low charge transfer resistance could be ideal replacements for platinum in dye sensitized solar cells. Modest specific capacitance for PdNi illustrates its potential as an electrode catalyst in capacitors.

scholarly journals Preparation of Nano-Ag-TiO2 Composites by Co-60 Gamma Irradiation to Enhance the Photocurrent of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Le Thanh Nguyen Huynh ◽  
Viet Hai Le ◽  
Thanh Long Vo ◽  
Thi Kim Lan Nguyen ◽  
Quoc Hien Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Charge Transfer Resistance ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells

Nano-silver-titanium dioxide (Ag-TiO2) composites were prepared from commercial TiO2 (P25, Degussa) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) by gamma Co-60 irradiation method with various initial concentrations of AgNO3. The nano-AgTiO2 composites are utilized as the photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Under full sunlight illumination (1000 W/m2, AM 1.5), the efficiency of DSCs has improved significantly despite the Ag content of below 1%. The DSC—assembled with 0.75 Ag-TiO2 (0.75% Ag) photoanode—showed that the photocurrent was significantly enhanced from 8.1 mA.cm−2 to 9.5 mA.cm−2 compared to the DSCs using bared TiO2 photoanode. The unchanged open-circuit voltage resulted in the overall energy conversion efficiency to be increased by 25% from 3.75% to 4.86%. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis showed that the charge transfer resistance is reduced when increasing Ag content, demonstrating that the charge transfer at TiO2/dye interface was enhanced in the presence of silver nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using Mesocarbon Microbead-Based Counter Electrodes

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Te Hsieh ◽  
Bing-Hao Yang ◽  
Wei-Yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Charge Transfer Resistance ◽  
Counter Electrodes ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Catalytic Sites ◽  
Low Charge ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells

The dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) equipped with mesocarbon microbead (MCMB)-based counter electrodes were explored to examine their cell performance. Three types of nanosized additives including platinum, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and carbon black (CB) are well dispersed and coated over microscaled MCMB powders. In the design of the counter electrodes, the MCMB graphite offers an excellent medium that allows charge transfer from the ITO substrate to the dye molecule. The active materials such as Pt, CNT, and nanosize CB act as an active site provider for the redox reaction. Among these counter electrodes, the DSCs fabricated with CB electrode exhibit the highest power conversion efficiency. This improved efficiency can be attributed to the fact that the CB nanoparticles not only offer a large number of catalytic sites but also low charge transfer resistance, facilitating a rapid reaction kinetics. Such design of carbon counter electrode has been confirmed to be a promising candidate for replacing Pt electrodes.

Copolymer-templated nitrogen-enriched nanocarbons as a low charge-transfer resistance and highly stable alternative to platinum cathodes in dye-sensitized solar cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 4413-4419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myung Jong Ju ◽  
In Taek Choi ◽  
Mingjiang Zhong ◽  
Kimin Lim ◽  
Jaejung Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Block Copolymers ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Charge Transfer Resistance ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Low Charge ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells

High performance N-enriched nanocarbon CEs for organic DSSCs were synthesized by pyrolysis of self-assembled block copolymers.

scholarly journals Conductivity and Morphological Studies of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)-Magnesium Triflate-Ethylene Carbonate Gel Polymer Electrolyte

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-175
Author(s):  
Nurul Izzati Ali ◽  
◽  
Siti Norzahirah Zaharuddin ◽  
Nur Aida Syarmeen Mohammad Azis ◽  
Noraishah Syuhada Mohd Rafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Ethylene Carbonate ◽  
Gel Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Solution Casting Method ◽  
Materials Used

Gel polymer electrolyte based on poly (vinyl alcohol)(PVA)–magnesium triflate (MgTf) incorporating with different weight percentage (wt.%) of ethylene carbonate (EC) as plasticizer has been prepared by using solution casting method. The ionic conductivity of PVA–MgTf–EC gel polymer electrolyte has been determined by using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and has achieved an optimum value at 1.26 x 10-4 S.cm-1 when 50 wt.% of EC is added into the system. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) has been performed to study the molecular interaction between components in PVA-MgTf-EC gel polymer electrolyte. The complexations between the materials used in the electrolyte system are observed based on the shifting of bands and changes in the intensity of peaks in FTIR spectra. The morphological behaviour of electrolytes has been studied by using Field Emission Scanning Electron Spectroscopy (FESEM) to observe the changes of PVA-based gel polymer electrolytes when EC is added to the system. The amorphous peak of PVA-based electrolyte is observed to become broaden with the addition of plasticizer, results in increment in the amorphousness nature of the electrolyte which is determined by X-ray Diffractometer (XRD).

Effect of 15-crown-5 on the charge transfer resistance at the polymer electrolyte/modified Li-electrode interface

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 949-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Baskakova ◽  
O. V. Yarmolenko ◽  
N. I. Shuvalova ◽  
G. Z. Tulibaeva ◽  
O. N. Efimov
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Charge Transfer Resistance ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Electrode Interface

Effects of Lithium Salt on Interfacial Reactions between SiC and EC-Based Solutions in Lithium Secondary Batteries

2017 ◽  
Vol 873 ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
Soon Ki Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Ethylene Carbonate ◽  
Solid Electrolyte Interphase ◽  
Charge Transfer Resistance ◽  
Lithium Salts ◽  
Interfacial Resistance ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Lithium Secondary Batteries ◽  
Large Discharge

Electrochemical reactions occurring at a SiC electrode were investigated to gain insight into the effects of lithium salts, such as LiPF6, LiClO4, LiCF3SO3, and LiBF4, on the interfacial resistance. Lithium salts were found to exert little effect on the magnitude of the resistance of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI). In contrast, the charge-transfer reactions observed in the LiCF3SO3-containing solution exhibited the smallest resistance. Charge-discharge analysis revealed that the nature of the SEI was significantly different from that formed in ethylene carbonate-based solutions containing different lithium salts. The SiC electrode exhibited large discharge capacity and low coulombic efficiency in the LiCF3SO3-containing solution. This might be closely related to the smallest charge-transfer resistance.

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