Novel Candidates for Palladium Alloys – Enhanced Strength and Ductility - Generalized Stacking Fault Energy Calculations

Generalized stacking fault energies of palladium alloys were calculated using the density functional theory. The stacking fault energy of palladium alloys is correlated with the valence electron of the transition metal element. The twinning tendency is also modified by the presence of an alloying element in the plane of deformation. The obtained results suggest that Pd –transition metal alloys with elements such as Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Re are expected to exhibit high work hardening rate due to the tendency to emit of the partial dislocations and mechanical twins, which results in increased strength and ductility.

Calorimetric Studies of Magnesium-Rich Mg-Pd Alloys

Solution calorimetry with liquid aluminum as the bath was conducted to measure the enthalpy of a solution of magnesium and palladium as well as the standard formation enthalpies of selected magnesium-palladium alloys. These alloys were synthesized from pure elements, which were melted in a resistance furnace that was placed in a glove box containing high-purity argon and a very low concentration of impurities, such as oxygen and water vapor. A Setaram MHTC 96 Line evo drop calorimeter was used to determine the energetic effects of the solution. The enthalpies of the Mg and Pd solutions in liquid aluminum were measured at 1033 K, and they equaled −8.6 ± 1.1 and −186.8 ± 1.1 kJ/mol, respectively. The values of the standard formation enthalpy of the investigated alloys with concentrations close to the Mg6Pd, ε, Mg5Pd2, and Mg2Pd intermetallic phases were determined as follows: −28.0 ± 1.2 kJ/mol of atoms, −32.6 ± 1.6 kJ/mol of atoms, −46.8 ± 1.4 kJ/mol of atoms, and −56.0 ± 1.6 kJ/mol of atoms, respectively. The latter data were compared with existing experimental and theoretical data from the literature along with data calculated using the Miedema model.

Palladium alloys used as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction

Palladium-based alloy materials as cathodes for the reduction of oxygen are regarded as potential substitutes for platinum-based catalysts in fuel cells. In this work, we present the scientometric analysis and...

HYDROGEN PERMEABILITY OF AMORPHOUS, NANO- AND CRYSTALLINE ALLOYS BASED ON IRON AND NICKEL

Исследована кинетика проницаемости и диффузии водорода в гидрированых мембранных сплавах на основе Fe и Ni, обладающих функциональными характеристиками, конструкционной прочностью и термостабильностью, и являющихся многообещающей альтернативой дорогим палладиевым сплавам. Изучены прочностные характеристики, термостабильность и устойчивость к водородному охрупчиванию. Рассмотрены механизмы структурирования, диффузии и проницаемости водорода в кристаллическом, аморфном, нанокристаллическом состояниях. Для мембранных сплавов особо важным аспектом является сочетание в открытых структур (аморфных и ОЦК), в то время как для аккумулирования водорода, помимо каналов транспорта (диффузии и проницаемости) также необходимы и высокоплотные интерметаллидные кластеры. Отмечено, что при длительной эксплуатации вследствие возникновения плотных кластерных конфигураций среднего упорядочения, сокращающих диффузионные каналы, начинается снижение через них транспорта водорода. The kinetics of hydrogen permeability and diffusion in hydrogenated membrane alloys based on Fe and Ni have been investigated, which have functional characteristics, structural strength and thermal stability, and are a promising alternative to expensive palladium alloys. The strength characteristics, thermal stability and resistance to hydrogen embrittlement have been studied. The mechanisms of structuring, diffusion and permeability of hydrogen in crystalline, amorphous, nanocrystalline states are considered. For membrane alloys, a particularly important aspect is the combination in open structures (amorphous and bcc), while for hydrogen accumulation, in addition to transport channels (diffusion and permeability), high-density intermetallic clusters are also required. It is noted that, during long-term operation, due to the appearance of dense cluster configurations of intermediate ordering, which shorten the diffusion channels, the transport of hydrogen through them begins to decrease.