scholarly journals The Influence of Initial Purity Level on the Refining Efficiency of Aluminum via Zone Refining

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Xiaoxin Zhang ◽  
Semiramis Friedrich ◽  
Bernd Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Zone Refining ◽  
Zone Length ◽  
Refining Efficiency ◽  
Purity Level ◽  
Recycling Technique

Zone refining is a well-known technique, usually using pure initial materials to produce high purity metals. However, the effectiveness of zone refining in the purification of different purity levels of metals as well as its feasibility for use as a recycling technique for low quality metals are rarely investigated. In this work, conducted at IME/RWTH Aachen University, three kinds of Al with different purities, i.e., three-layer electrolysis (4N), commercial pure (2N8) and recycled Al (1N7), were put on focus to address the above-mentioned issue. The experiments were conducted with an optimized zone length combination at the moving rate of 1.2 mm/min for five zone passes. The results showed that the 4N pure initial Al was improved to 5N5 after five passes, much higher than the results for commercial pure- or recycled Al, where less than 50% reduction of total impurities was achieved.

scholarly journals Characterization and Interpretation of the Aluminum Zone Refining through Infrared Thermographic Analysis

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2039
Author(s):  
Xiaoxin Zhang ◽  
Semiramis Friedrich ◽  
Bernd Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Crystal Growth ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Refining Process ◽  
Crystal Growth Rate ◽  
Molten Zone ◽  
Zone Refining ◽  
Ir Camera ◽  
Zone Length ◽  
Thermographic Analysis

High purity metals are nowadays increasingly in demand to serve in electronic, photovoltaic, and target materials industries. The zone refining process is the most common way to achieve high purity in the final step of metal purification. Zone length and crystal growth rate are the main parameters that control the zone refining process. To determine these values, information about temperature profiles in the molten zone is necessary due to its direct correlation with these values. As the determination of this profile is not practically achievable in the present, the novel approach of applying an infrared (IR) camera during the zone refining of 2N8 aluminum is the focus of the investigation in this work. The whole temperature profile of the region near the molten zone was recorded by IR camera during the entire running process. The zone length and the crystal growth rate at each thermographic image shooting moment were successfully extracted by thermographic analysis. Results showed that both factors varied significantly, which is in contrast to the assumption in literature about their stability while running under constant input power and heater movement velocity, though noticeable purification took place in all of these experiments. However, the impurity concentration during refinement fluctuated remarkably. This was well-demonstrated by the tendency of variation in crystal growth rate attained in this work. These results provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of zone refining with an inductive heater and contributes to the optimization of the process.

scholarly journals Research Status of High-Purity Metals Prepared by Zone Refining

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2064
Author(s):  
Liang Yu ◽  
Xiaoan Kang ◽  
Luona Chen ◽  
Kun Luo ◽  
Yanli Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Optimization ◽  
Future Development ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Impurity Content ◽  
Physical Method ◽  
Zone Refining ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Research Status ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The zone refining method is a physical method for effectively purifying metals. Increasing yield and reducing impurity content have always been the focus of its research. This article systematically summarizes the relevant research on the production of high-purity metals by zone refining, including mechanisms, parameter optimization, zone refining types, analysis methods, limitations, and future development directions, and it provides relevant theoretical foundations for the production of high-purity metals as well.

Recovery of Zinc and Manganese from Spent Zn-Mn Batteries Using Solvent Extraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 775 ◽  
pp. 427-433
Author(s):  
Wei Sheng Chen ◽  
Chin Ting Liao ◽  
Chen Hsi Chang
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Magnetic Separation ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Extractant Concentration ◽  
Environmental Technology ◽  
Electronic Products ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Purity Level

For several decades, zinc-manganese batteries have been created to serve many forms of electronic products. However, every creative act has its destructive consequence. Plenty of waste element inside has caused the irreversible contamination to our environment.This study will focus on dealing with zinc-manganese batteries using environmental technology and hydrometallurgy methods, such as physical pretreatment, acid leaching and solvent extraction. The goal of this research will concentrate on the recovery of zinc and manganese from zinc-manganese batteries. The pretreatment processes include crushing, sieving and magnetic separation to separate the waste plastic, scraps of paper and impurity from waste zinc-manganese batteries. Before the process of the solvent extraction zinc-manganese batteries will be leached by specific acid first. In next step, the solvent extraction will be carried out and investigated. The parameters such as extractant concentration, extraction time, equilibrium pH value and organic-aqueous ratio (O/A) are analyzed in detail. Finally, the products of Zn and Mn are obtained in high-purity level and the recovery rates are about 92% for Zn and 95% for Mn.

Preparation of High Purity Tellurium by Zone Refining Process

PRICM ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 2679-2685
Author(s):  
Wan Gou Kim ◽  
Hong Youl Ryu ◽  
Man Sik Kong ◽  
Soon Jik Hong ◽  
Hwa Young Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Refining Process ◽  
Zone Refining

scholarly journals Preparation of High Purity Zinc by Vacuum Distillation and Zone Refining

1984 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1176-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Isshiki ◽  
Takao Tomizono ◽  
Tomoaki Yoshida ◽  
Toshihiko Ohkawa ◽  
Kenzo Igaki
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Vacuum Distillation ◽  
Zone Refining

Chalcogenide esters as reactive intermediates in selenium and tellurium purifications

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 2199-2202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santokh S. Badesha ◽  
Paul Monczka ◽  
Steven D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Reactive Intermediates ◽  
Selenium Dioxide ◽  
Elemental Selenium ◽  
Organic Media ◽  
Commercial Grade ◽  
Purity Level ◽  
Selenous Acid ◽  
Source Materials

This paper describes a novel application of chalcogenide esters to purify selenium and tellurium to the 99.999% purity level. The chalcogenide esters were prepared from a variety of source materials which include: crude selenium and tellurium and commercial grade selenium dioxide, tellurium dioxide, and selenous acid. Crude selenium and tellurium were first converted to their respective oxides by treatment with concentrated nitric acid. The oxides were condensed with alcohols or diols to obtain the corresponding esters which, on reduction with hydrazine in organic media, provided high purity elemental selenium and tellurium.

Preparation of High Purity Tellurium by Zone Refining Process

2013 ◽  
pp. 2679-2685
Author(s):  
Wan Gou Kim ◽  
Hong Youl Ryu ◽  
Man Sik Kong ◽  
Soon Jik Hong ◽  
Hwa Young Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Refining Process ◽  
Zone Refining

Zone Refining of Tin: Optimization of Zone Length by a Genetic Algorithm

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 746-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Cheung ◽  
N. Cheung ◽  
C. M. T. Tobar ◽  
P. R. Mei ◽  
A. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Zone Refining ◽  
Zone Length
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