scholarly journals Virological Surveillance and Molecular Characterization of Human Parainfluenzavirus Infection in Children with Acute Respiratory Illness: Germany, 2015–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1508
Author(s):  
Djin-Ye Oh ◽  
Barbara Biere ◽  
Markus Grenz ◽  
Thorsten Wolff ◽  
Brunhilde Schweiger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
National Level ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Phylogenetic Characterization ◽  
Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
Human Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
Respiratory Specimens ◽  
Virological Surveillance

Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are important causes of respiratory illness, especially in young children. However, surveillance for HPIV is rarely performed continuously, and national-level epidemiologic and genetic data are scarce. Within the German sentinel system, to monitor acute respiratory infections (ARI), 4463 respiratory specimens collected from outpatients <5 years of age between October 2015 and September 2019 were retrospectively screened for HPIV 1–4 using real-time PCR. HPIV was identified in 459 (10%) samples. HPIV-3 was the most common HPIV-type, with 234 detections, followed by HPIV-1 (113), HPIV-4 (61), and HPIV-2 (49). HPIV-3 was more frequently associated with age <2 years, and HPIV-4 was more frequently associated with pneumonia compared to other HPIV types. HPIV circulation displayed distinct seasonal patterns, which appeared to vary by type. Phylogenetic characterization clustered HPIV-1 in Clades 2 and 3. Reclassification was performed for HPIV-2, provisionally assigning two distinct HPIV-2 groups and six clades, with German HPIV-2s clustering in Clade 2.4. HPIV-3 clustered in C1, C3, C5, and, interestingly, in A. HPIV-4 clustered in Clades 2.1 and 2.2. The results of this study may serve to inform future approaches to diagnose and prevent HPIV infections, which contribute substantially to ARI in young children in Germany.

scholarly journals Parainfluenza Viruses

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly J. Henrickson
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
And Function ◽  
Negative Sense ◽  
Human Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
Molecular Structure And Function

SUMMARY Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) were first discovered in the late 1950s. Over the last decade, considerable knowledge about their molecular structure and function has been accumulated. This has led to significant changes in both the nomenclature and taxonomic relationships of these viruses. HPIV is genetically and antigenically divided into types 1 to 4. Further major subtypes of HPIV-4 (A and B) and subgroups/genotypes of HPIV-1 and HPIV-3 have been described. HPIV-1 to HPIV-3 are major causes of lower respiratory infections in infants, young children, the immunocompromised, the chronically ill, and the elderly. Each subtype can cause somewhat unique clinical diseases in different hosts. HPIV are enveloped and of medium size (150 to 250 nm), and their RNA genome is in the negative sense. These viruses belong to the Paramyxoviridae family, one of the largest and most rapidly growing groups of viruses causing significant human and veterinary disease. HPIV are closely related to recently discovered megamyxoviruses (Hendra and Nipah viruses) and metapneumovirus.

scholarly journals Aetiology of influenza-like illness in adults includes parainfluenzavirus type 4

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatice Hasman ◽  
Constance T. Pachucki ◽  
Arife Unal ◽  
Diep Nguyen ◽  
Troy Devlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Human Parainfluenza Viruses

Influenza viruses cause significant morbidity and mortality in adults each winter. At the same time, other respiratory viruses circulate and cause respiratory illness with influenza-like symptoms. Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) and human metapneumovirus have all been associated with morbidity and mortality in adults, including nosocomial infections. This study evaluated 154 respiratory specimens collected from adults with influenza-like/acute respiratory illness (ILI) seen at the Edward Hines Jr VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA, during two successive winters, 1998–1999 and 1999–2000. The samples were tested for ten viruses in two nested multiplex RT-PCRs. One to three respiratory viruses were detected in 68 % of the samples. As expected, influenza A virus (FLU-A) infections were most common (50 % of the samples), followed by HRSV-A (16 %). Surprisingly, HPIV-4 infections (5.8 %) were the third most prevalent. Mixed infections were also relatively common (11 %). When present, HPIV infections were approximately three times more likely to be included in a mixed infection than FLU-A or HRSV. Mixed infections and HPIV-4 are likely to be missed using rapid diagnostic tests. This study confirms that ILI in adults and the elderly can be caused by HRSV and HPIVs, including HPIV-4, which co-circulate with FLU-A.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Characterization of Eight Human Parainfluenza Viruses from the Netherlands

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
My V. T. Phan ◽  
Georgina Arron ◽  
Corine H. GeurtsvanKessel ◽  
Robin C. Huisman ◽  
Richard Molenkamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Full Genome ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Genome Characterization ◽  
Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
Human Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
Generation Sequencing

We report the complete genome sequences of eight human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) belonging to Human respirovirus 1 (HPIV-1), Human respirovirus 3 (HPIV-3), Human rubulavirus 2 (HPIV-2), and Human rubulavirus 4 (HPIV-4). The genome sequences were generated using random-primed next-generation sequencing and represent the first HPIV full-genome sequences from the Netherlands.

scholarly journals Ten-Year (1999–2009) Epidemiological and Virological Surveillance of Influenza in South Italy (Apulia)

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamaria Campa ◽  
Manuela Quattrocchi ◽  
Marcello Guido ◽  
Giovanni Gabutti ◽  
Cinzia Germinario ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
National Level ◽  
Type A ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
South Italy ◽  
H3n2 Influenza ◽  
Virological Surveillance

Clinical and epidemiological surveillance of influenza and other Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) are currently a major objective of Public Health. The aim was to describe the epidemiology of influenza using the Italian surveillance system. Vaccination Coverage (VC) rates were calculated during 1999-2009 influenza seasons. Molecular studies of influenza virus isolated, from patients with ILI, living in Apulia, are described. 1269 nasal-pharyngeal swabs were taken from patients with ILI and ARI in order to isolate and identify viruses using PCR. Influenza isolates are typed as being types A and B and influenza A isolates are A/H1 and A/H3. The progression of the ILI cases registered in Apulia was similar to the data recorded on a national level. The VC data recorded in Apulia showed a progressive increase in the vaccine doses administered to subjects over 65 years old. The virological surveillance showed a major circulation of the type A/H3N2 influenza virus during the peak incidence of the illness in seasons 1999-2000, 2002-2003, 2004-2005 and 2008-2009. During the same period, the lowest incidence was registered when the type A/H1N1 and B viruses were in circulation. In contrast, during the other seasons the lowest incidence was reported with A/H3N2 and B viruses.

Human bocavirus respiratory infections in children

2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (7) ◽  
pp. 1032-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. GAGLIARDI ◽  
M. A. IWAMOTO ◽  
F. E. PAULA ◽  
J. L. PROENÇA-MODENA ◽  
A. M. SARANZO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Human Bocavirus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Human Parainfluenza Viruses

SUMMARYHuman bocavirus (HBoV) was recently identified in respiratory samples from patients with acute respiratory infections and has been reported in different regions of the world. To the best of our knowledge, HBoV has never been reported in respiratory infections in Brazil. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from patients aged <5 years hospitalized in 2005 with respiratory infections in Ribeirão Preto, southeast Brazil, and tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HBoV. HBoV-positive samples were further tested by PCR for human respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, human coronaviruses 229E and OC43, human influenza viruses A and B, human parainfluenza viruses 1, 2 and 3, human rhinovirus and human adenovirus. HBoV was detected in 26/248 (10·5%) children of which 21 (81%) also tested positive for other respiratory viruses. Despite the high rates of co-infections, no significant differences were found between HBoV-positive patients with and without co-infections with regard to symptoms.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis of acute respiratory illness caused by human parainfluenza viruses

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrick Schomacker ◽  
Anne Schaap-Nutt ◽  
Peter L Collins ◽  
Alexander C Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
Human Parainfluenza Viruses

scholarly journals ETYMOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF MODERN ACUTE RESPIRATORY VIRAL INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN OF EARLY AGE HOSPITALIZED TO THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
S. V. Khaliullina ◽  
V. A. Anokhin ◽  
K. Yu. Demidenko ◽  
E. V. Nyagashkina ◽  
K. R. Khaliullina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
Rhinovirus Infection ◽  
Number Of Patients

Objective: to estimate the prevalence and clinical-epidemiological features of acute respiratory infections of various etiology in children of the first three years of life, hospitalized to the intensive care unit of a children’sinfectious hospital.150 children of the first three years of life of the total number of patients, hospitalized to the intensive care unit of the Republican Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital of Kazan with a severe ARI, were randomly selected. The design of the research was consistent with the observational analytic.Results: the etiology of  ARI was interpreted in  74% (95% CI 67–81), 111/150 cases. Rhinovirus infection is the main cause of development of severe forms of ARI in young children; in second place – influenza viruses – 13.9-28.7% in different age groups. Clinically significant in all age groups were respiratory syncitial viruses (7.1–16.7%), in children up to one year – parainfluenza viruses (13.9% (95% CI 6–21.8), 10/72, and in  patients older than 2 years  – adenoviruses (12–14.2%). Seasonal rise in  the incidence of ARI was noted in the cold season. It was caused by influenza viruses, respiratory syncitial viruses, parainfluenza viruses. In the summer months, the rhino-, metapneumo- and adenoviruses were most common. The expressed general toxic effects that caused hospitalization were recorded in 66% (95% CI 58.4–73.6), 99/150 of the examined patients, manifestations of respiratory failure was detected in 58% (95% CI 50.1–65.9), 87/150.Conclusions: the leading causes of development of  severe forms of ARI in young children are rhinoviruses, influenza viruses and the respiratory syncitial virus. They are associated with: respiratory tract diseases with respiratory failure, a symptom complex of  toxicosis. Previously thought «harmless», rhinovirus infection is becoming a leader in  the range of  causes of  severe forms of respiratory infections in young children. 

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