scholarly journals Challenging the Conventional Interpretation of HCMV Seronegativity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2382
Author(s):  
Shelley Waters ◽  
Silvia Lee ◽  
Ashley Irish ◽  
Patricia Price
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Hcmv Infection ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Latent Infections ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
The World

The majority of adults in the world (around 83%) carry antibodies reactive with HCMV and are thought to retain inactive or latent infections lifelong. The virus is transmitted via saliva, so infection events are likely to be common. Indeed, it is hard to imagine a life without exposure to HCMV. From 45 seronegative individuals (13 renal transplant recipients, 32 healthy adults), we present seven cases who had detectable HCMV DNA in their blood and/or saliva, or a CMV-encoded homologue of IL-10 (vIL-10) in their plasma. One case displayed NK cells characteristic of CMV infection before her HCMV DNA became undetectable. In other cases, the infection may persist with seroconversion blocked by vIL-10. Future research should seek mechanisms that can prevent an individual from seroconverting despite a persistent HCMV infection, as HCMV vaccines may not work well in such people.

scholarly journals Challenging the Conventional Interpretation of HCMV Seronegativity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley Waters ◽  
Silvia Lee ◽  
Ashley Irish ◽  
Patricia Price
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Hcmv Infection ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Latent Infections ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
The World

The majority of adults in the world (around 83%) carry antibodies reactive with HCMV and are thought to retain inactive or latent infections lifelong. The virus is transmitted via saliva so infection events are likely to be common. Indeed it is hard to imagine a life without exposure to HCMV. From 45 seronegative individuals (13 renal transplant recipients, 32 healthy adults), we present seven cases who had detectable HCMV DNA in their blood and/or saliva, or a CMV-encoded homologue of IL-10 (vIL-10) in their plasma. One case displayed NK cells characteristic of CMV infection, and HCMV DNA became undetectable. In other cases, the infection may persist with seroconversion blocked by vIL-10. Future research should seek mechanisms that can prevent an individual from seroconverting despite a persistent HCMV infection, as HCMV vaccines may not work well in such people.

Non-organ-specific and anti-endothelial antibodies in relation to CMV infection and acute rejection in renal transplant recipients

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Costa ◽  
Giovanni Antonio Touscoz ◽  
Massimiliano Bergallo ◽  
Maria Elena Terlizzi ◽  
Sara Astegiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Acute Rejection ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Organ Specific

scholarly journals Prophylaxis of Cytomegalovirus in Renal Transplant Recipients

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl c) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Allan S MacDonald ◽  
David L Nicol ◽  
Philip Belitsky ◽  
Spencer Lee
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
High Titre ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Hyperimmune Globulin ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Cmv Disease

The incidence and outcome of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease is compared in renal transplant recipients in relation lo the use of prophylaxis wiU1 high titre anti-CMV immunoglobulin. Seventy-three CMV-negative recipients (R-) who received kidneys from CMV-posilive donors (D+) were given prophylactic CMV hyperimmune globulin inlravenously al three-week intervals lo six monilis. They also received Lhree months of oral low dose acyclovir as did the remaining 288 patients who did nol receive hyperimmune globulin. There was a low incidence of CMV disease which did not differ between groups (D+R-, 10%: D+R+, 5 .5%, D- R+, 7%: D- R-, 0.8%). The major risk factor was the use of OKT3 to treat rejection. CMV disease was seen in 22% of this group (11 of 50) . compared with only 2% (seven of 311) of those not requiring OKT3. There was only one CMV-related death. but palients with CMV disease had a reduced graft survival rate (62% versus 90%). CMV hyperimmune globulin added lo acyclovir appears to reduce the incidence of CMV disease in high risk renal recipients (D+R-) in the lower risk groups.

Human herpesvirus 6 and human herpesvirus 7 infections in renal transplant recipients and healthy adults in Turkey

1994 ◽  
Vol 136 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Yalcin ◽  
T. Karpuzglu ◽  
G. Suleymanlar ◽  
G. Mutlu ◽  
T. Mukai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Human Herpesvirus 6 ◽  
Herpesvirus 6

IS CMV INFECTION A RISK FACTOR FOR FSGS IN RENAL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS?

2000 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S218
Author(s):  
Tricia Thompson ◽  
Steven Zacks ◽  
Jane Salm ◽  
Kimberly Hollar ◽  
Robert Dupuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Cmv Infection

Possible contribution of cytomegalovirus infection to the high risk of (recurrent) venous thrombosis after renal transplantation

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (01) ◽  
pp. 127-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiko P. J. de Vries ◽  
Nic J. G. M Veeger ◽  
Willem J. van Son ◽  
Stephan J. L Bakker ◽  
Jan van der Meer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Recurrent Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Cmv Status

SummaryRenal transplant recipients are at an increased risk of venous thrombosis, which has been regarded as a postoperative complication, although it may persist afterwards. As numerous case reports have shown that active cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection can be found at time of onset of venous thrombosis, and is frequently found in renal transplant recipients, we hypothesized that one might be the result of the other. To calculate the risk of (recurrent) venous thrombosis in renal transplant recipients, and to see whether CMV infection influenced this risk, we retrospectively analysed 606 living consecutive renal transplant recipients. CMV status at time of transplantation and at time of enrolment was determined. Absolute risks of first venous thrombosis and recurrence were compared with CMV status, and were corrected for surgery related venous thrombosis, age, and anticoagulant treatment. Annual incidence of venous thrombosis was 0.88% (95% CI, 0.65–1.15) in all recipients and 0.59% (95% CI,0.41–0.83) corrected for surgery related venous thrombosis. CMV positive and seroconverted recipients tended to have an increased risk of venous thrombosis compared to CMV negative recipients; corrected relative risks were 2.0 (95% CI, 0.9–5.2) and 1.7 (95% CI, 0.6–4.7), respectively. The cumulative 10-year recurrence rate of venous thrombosis in CMV seronegative, seroconverted, and seropositive recipients was 10%,51% and 59%, respectively. We conclude that CMV infection tended to be associated with an increased risk of (recurrent) venous thrombosis. Prospective studies are warranted to establish this observation, which suggests that CMV infection influences the high risk of (recurrent) venous thrombosis in renal transplant recipients.

scholarly journals Use of Leflunomide in Renal Transplant Recipients with Ganciclovir-Resistant/Refractory Cytomegalovirus Infection: A Case Series from the University of Chicago

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Chon ◽  
Pradeep V. Kadambi ◽  
Chang Xu ◽  
Yolanda T. Becker ◽  
Piotr Witkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Deceased Donor ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
University Of Chicago ◽  
Kidney Transplants ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
The University

Introduction: Although antiviral prophylaxis for cytomegalovirus (CMV) is widely used, CMV infection remains common in renal transplant recipients with adverse consequences. Methods: We report 5 cases of renal transplant recipients with resistant CMV infection who were successfully managed with leflunomide at the University of Chicago Medical Center. Results: Five renal transplant recipients (2 simultaneous pancreas/kidney transplants, 3 deceased donor kidney transplants) were diagnosed with GCV-resistant CMV infection from 2003 to 2011. Of the 4 patients who had resistance genotype testing, 3 showed a UL97 mutation and 1 patient had a clinically resistant CMV infection. All patients received CMV prophylaxis with valganciclovir for 3 months. The number of days from the date of transplant to viremia ranged from 38 to 458 days (median 219). All 5 patients received other antiviral agents (e.g. ganciclovir, foscarnet), and in 4 patients, viremia was cleared before leflunomide was initiated as consolidation (or maintenance) therapy. Conclusion: Leflunomide was well tolerated and successful in preventing recurrence of viremia in renal transplant recipients with resistant CMV infection. The beneficial effect of leflunomide in this setting warrants further investigation.

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