scholarly journals Role of GSH and Iron-Sulfur Glutaredoxins in Iron Metabolism—Review

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 3860
Author(s):  
Trnka Daniel ◽  
Hossain Md Faruq ◽  
Jordt Laura Magdalena ◽  
Gellert Manuela ◽  
Lillig Christopher Horst
Keyword(s):  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Redox Properties ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cellular Iron ◽  
Iron Sulfur ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Cluster Transfer ◽  
Cluster Biosynthesis

Glutathione (GSH) was initially identified and characterized for its redox properties and later for its contributions to detoxification reactions. Over the past decade, however, the essential contributions of glutathione to cellular iron metabolism have come more and more into focus. GSH is indispensable in mitochondrial iron-sulfur (FeS) cluster biosynthesis, primarily by co-ligating FeS clusters as a cofactor of the CGFS-type (class II) glutaredoxins (Grxs). GSH is required for the export of the yet to be defined FeS precursor from the mitochondria to the cytosol. In the cytosol, it is an essential cofactor, again of the multi-domain CGFS-type Grxs, master players in cellular iron and FeS trafficking. In this review, we summarize the recent advances and progress in this field. The most urgent open questions are discussed, such as the role of GSH in the export of FeS precursors from mitochondria, the physiological roles of the CGFS-type Grx interactions with BolA-like proteins and the cluster transfer between Grxs and recipient proteins.

scholarly journals The role of mitochondria in cellular iron–sulfur protein biogenesis and iron metabolism

2012 ◽  
Vol 1823 (9) ◽  
pp. 1491-1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Lill ◽  
Bastian Hoffmann ◽  
Sabine Molik ◽  
Antonio J. Pierik ◽  
Nicole Rietzschel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Cellular Iron ◽  
Iron Sulfur ◽  
Protein Biogenesis ◽  
Sulfur Protein ◽  
Iron Sulfur Protein

The role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in cellular iron metabolism

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
PŘEMYSL MLADĚNKA ◽  
TOMÁŠ ŠIMŮNEK ◽  
MOJMÍR HÜBL ◽  
RADOMÍR HRDINA
Keyword(s):  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Cellular Iron

scholarly journals Frataxin, a Conserved Mitochondrial Protein, in the Hydrogenosome of Trichomonas vaginalis

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1431-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Dolezal ◽  
Andrew Dancis ◽  
Emmanuel Lesuisse ◽  
Róbert Sutak ◽  
Ivan Hrdý ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Unicellular Eukaryote ◽  
Common Ancestry ◽  
Conserved Residues ◽  
Cellular Iron ◽  
Iron Sulfur ◽  
Human Parasite ◽  
Cluster Biosynthesis

ABSTRACT Recent data suggest that frataxin plays a key role in eukaryote cellular iron metabolism, particularly in mitochondrial heme and iron-sulfur (FeS) cluster biosynthesis. We have now identified a frataxin homologue (T. vaginalis frataxin) from the human parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. Instead of mitochondria, this unicellular eukaryote possesses hydrogenosomes, peculiar organelles that produce hydrogen but nevertheless share common ancestry with mitochondria. T. vaginalis frataxin contains conserved residues implicated in iron binding, and in silico, it is predicted to form a typical α-β sandwich motif. The short N-terminal extension of T. vaginalis frataxin resembles presequences that target proteins to hydrogenosomes, a prediction confirmed by the results of overexpression of T. vaginalis frataxin in T. vaginalis. When expressed in the mitochondria of a frataxin-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain, T. vaginalis frataxin partially restored defects in heme and FeS cluster biosynthesis. Although components of heme synthesis or heme-containing proteins have not been found in T. vaginalis to date, T. vaginalis frataxin was also shown to interact with S. cerevisiae ferrochelatase by using a Biacore assay. The discovery of conserved iron-metabolizing pathways in mitochondria and hydrogenosomes provides additional evidence not only of their common evolutionary history, but also of the fundamental importance of this pathway for eukaryotes.

Role of the IscU Protein in Iron−Sulfur Cluster Biosynthesis:  IscS-mediated Assembly of a [Fe2S2] Cluster in IscU

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (9) ◽  
pp. 2136-2137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey N. Agar ◽  
Limin Zheng ◽  
Valerie L. Cash ◽  
Dennis R. Dean ◽  
Michael K. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Iron Sulfur Cluster ◽  
Sulfur Cluster ◽  
Iron Sulfur ◽  
Cluster Biosynthesis

A History of Meta-Regression: Technical, Conceptual, and Practical Developments between 1974 and 2018

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Tipton ◽  
James E Pustejovsky ◽  
Hedyeh Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Current Practice ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Education Psychology ◽  
Psychology And Medicine

At the beginning of the development of meta-analysis, understanding the role of moderators was given the highest priority, with meta-regression provided as a method for achieving this goal. Yet in current practice, meta-regression is not as commonly used as anticipated. This paper seeks to understand this mismatch by reviewing the history of meta-regression methods over the past 40 years. We divide this time span into four periods and examine three types of methodological developments within each period: technical, conceptual, and practical. Our focus is broad and includes development of methods in the fields of education, psychology, and medicine. We conclude the paper with a discussion of five consensus points, as well as open questions and areas of research for the future.

The Essential Role of Mitochondria in the Biogenesis of Cellular Iron-Sulfur Proteins

1999 ◽  
Vol 380 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Lill ◽  
Kerstin Diekert ◽  
Anita Kaut ◽  
Heike Lange ◽  
Winfried Pelzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Cellular Iron ◽  
Iron Sulfur ◽  
Iron Sulfur Proteins

QUANTUM MECHANICS AND THE ROLE OF TIME: ARE QUANTUM SYSTEMS MARKOVIAN?

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (27n28) ◽  
pp. 1243005 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS DURT
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Systems ◽  
Quantum Nonlocality ◽  
Border Line ◽  
The Past ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Alternative Theories ◽  
Time In Quantum Mechanics

The predictions of the Quantum Theory have been verified so far with astonishingly high accuracy. Despite of its impressive successes, the theory still presents mysterious features such as the border line between the classical and quantum world, or the deep nature of quantum nonlocality. These open questions motivated in the past several proposals of alternative and/or generalized approaches. We shall discuss in the present paper alternative theories that can be infered from a reconsideration of the status of time in quantum mechanics. Roughly speaking, quantum mechanics is usually formulated as a memory free (Markovian) theory at a fundamental level, but alternative, nonMarkovian, formulations are possible, and some of them can be tested in the laboratory. In our paper we shall give a survey of these alternative proposals, describe related experiments that were realized in the past and also formulate new experimental proposals.

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