scholarly journals Pharmacognostic Evaluation and HPLC–PDA and HS–SPME/GC–MS Metabolomic Profiling of Eleutherococcus senticosus Fruits

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1969
Author(s):  
Filip Graczyk ◽  
Maciej Strzemski ◽  
Maciej Balcerek ◽  
Weronika Kozłowska ◽  
Barbara Mazurek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Outer Zone ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Photodiode Array Detection ◽  
Eleutherococcus Senticosus ◽  
Eleutheroside B ◽  
Photodiode Array ◽  
Array Detection ◽  
The Republic

Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim. is a medicinal plant used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for thousands of years. However, due to the overexploitation, this species is considered to be endangered and is included in the Red List, e.g., in the Republic of Korea. Therefore, a new source of this important plant in Europe is needed. The aim of this study was to develop pharmacognostic and phytochemical parameters of the fruits. The content of polyphenols (eleutherosides B, E, E1) and phenolic acids in the different parts of the fruits, as well as tocopherols, fatty acids in the oil, and volatile constituents were studied by the means of chromatographic techniques [HPLC with Photodiode-Array Detection (PDA), headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS–SPME/GC–MS)]. To the best of our knowledge, no information is available on the content of eleutherosides and phenolic acids in the pericarp and seeds. The highest sum of eleutheroside B and E was detected in the whole fruits (1.4 mg/g), next in the pericarp (1.23 mg/g) and the seeds (0.85 mg/g). Amongst chlorogenic acid derivatives (3-CQA, 4-CQA, 5-CQA), 3-CQA was predominant in the whole fruits (1.08 mg/g), next in the pericarp (0.66 mg/g), and the seeds (0.076 mg/g). The oil was rich in linoleic acid (C18:3 (n-3), 18.24%), ursolic acid (35.72 mg/g), and α-tocopherol (8.36 mg/g). The presence of druses and yellow oil droplets in the inner zone of the mesocarp and chromoplasts in the outer zone can be used as anatomical markers. These studies provide a phytochemical proof for accumulation of polyphenols mainly in the pericarp, and these structures may be taken into consideration as their source subjected to extraction to obtain polyphenol-rich extracts.

scholarly journals Excretion and Detection of Cathinone, Cathine, and Phenylpropanolamine in Urine after Kath Chewing

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1715-1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan W Toennes ◽  
Gerold F Kauert
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay ◽  
Photodiode Array Detection ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Photodiode Array ◽  
Array Detection ◽  
Positive Results

Abstract Introduction: The stimulating herbal drug kath is uncommon in most countries, and information on its detection and interpretation of analytical results is limited. Therefore, a study with kath was carried out to compare the efficiencies of different analytical techniques used to detect drug use. Methods: Four volunteers chewed kath leaves for 1 h; urine samples were collected up to 80 h afterward and analyzed by the Abbott fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA), the Mahsan-AMP300 on-site immunoassay, the Bio-Rad Remedi HS HPLC system with photodiode array detection (DAD), and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: FPIA gave negative results, whereas positive results were obtained with the Mahsan test during the first day. With HPLC, one peak could be observed up to 50 h, but its DAD spectrum could not be identified by the system. Further investigations indicated that the kath alkaloids coeluted and produced a mixed DAD spectrum. With GC-MS, the specific kath ingredient cathinone was detected up to 26 h, whereas cathine and norephedrine were still detectable in the last samples. Maximum concentrations of cathinone, cathine, and norephedrine in urine samples from the study were 2.5, 20, and 30 mg/L, respectively, whereas in authentic cases the concentrations were much higher. Conclusion: GC-MS is superior to the screening techniques Mahsan-AMP300 and Remedi with respect to specificity and sensitivity for the detection of kath use in urine.

scholarly journals Preparation of Environmental Samples for Determination of Sulfonylurea Herbicides by Solid-Phase Extraction Using a Polymeric Sorbent

1998 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S Young
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicides ◽  
Photodiode Array Detection ◽  
Polymeric Sorbents ◽  
Photodiode Array ◽  
Array Detection

Abstract An analytical procedure was developed for rapid determination of sulfonylurea herbicides in water or soil. Samples were prepared by solid-phase extraction using polymeric sorbents in cartridges and analyzed by liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. Recoveries were consistent for all sample matrixes tested and were generally >85%, except for tribenuron methyl (75%). Detection limits were <100 ng/L for water samples

scholarly journals Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Five Benzoylurea Insecticides in Fruit and Vegetables

1998 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 1037-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Gamón ◽  
Adolfo Saez ◽  
Rosa Pelegrí ◽  
Inmaculada Peris ◽  
Josá G De La Cuadra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Photodiode Array Detection ◽  
Photodiode Array ◽  
Array Detection ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Benzoylurea Insecticides ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract A liquid chromatographic (LC) method was developed to determine 5 benzoyl ureas—diflubenzuron, hexaflumuron, teflubenzuron, flufenozuron, and lufenuron—in peppers, tomatoes, eggplants, cucumbers, and oranges. Preparation of samples involve extraction with acetone and partitioning into dichloromethane-petroleum ether. A portion of this extract is cleaned up with a solid-phase extraction aminopropyl disposable column. With LC analysis using an RP-8-DB microbore column, acetonitrilewater (70 + 30, v/v) as mobile phase, and photodiode array detection at 254 nm, recovery and repeatability data were collected for the 5 benzoylureas on 4 vegetables and citrus in the range 0.04-2.0 mg/kg. Validated limits of detection and quantitation were 0.01 and 0.04 mg/kg, respectively. The method is reliable for routine analysis of vegetables and fruits

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