scholarly journals Effects of a High-Protein Diet Including Whole Eggs on Muscle Composition and Indices of Cardiometabolic Health and Systemic Inflammation in Older Adults with Overweight or Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Wright ◽  
Jing Zhou ◽  
R. Sayer ◽  
Jung Kim ◽  
Wayne Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Muscle Composition ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Age-related increases in intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) impair muscle quality, decrease functional capacity, and promote several cardiometabolic and inflammatory disorders. Whether these age-related alterations in muscle composition improve by consuming a high-protein (HP) diet with whole eggs are unclear. This parallel-design, randomized-controlled trial assessed the effects of a 12-week eucaloric HP diet with three whole eggs per day (1.4 g protein kg−1 day−1) versus a normal-protein diet void of eggs (NP, 0.8 g protein kg−1 day−1) on muscle composition (IMAT), cardiometabolic health, and systemic inflammation in older adults with overweight or obesity (12 men and 10 women; age 70 ± 5 years, BMI 31.3 ± 3.2 kg/m2, mean ± SD). No changes in muscle composition were observed over time, independent of protein intake. Total body weight was reduced in both groups (−3.3 ± 1.2%) and lean mass was preserved only with the HP diet. LDL concentration and hip circumference decreased only with the NP diet, while MCP-1 and HsCRP concentrations increased over time in both groups. A HP diet with whole eggs promotes lean mass retention with modest weight loss, but does not positively influence muscle composition, cardiometabolic health or systemic inflammation, compared to a NP diet void of eggs.

Influence of daily fresh pear consumption on biomarkers of cardiometabolic health in middle-aged/older adults with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1062-1072
Author(s):  
Negin Navaei ◽  
Shirin Pourafshar ◽  
Neda S. Akhavan ◽  
Nicole S. Litwin ◽  
Elizabeth M. Foley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Previous research suggests potential for fresh pears as a functional food for promoting cardiometabolic health.

scholarly journals Mindfulness, Education, and Exercise for age-related cognitive decline: Study protocol, pilot study results, and description of the baseline sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 581-594
Author(s):  
Julie Loebach Wetherell ◽  
Hayley S Ripperger ◽  
Michelle Voegtle ◽  
Beau M Ances ◽  
David Balota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

Background/Aims Age-related cognitive decline is a pervasive problem in our aging population. To date, no pharmacological treatments to halt or reverse cognitive decline are available. Behavioral interventions, such as physical exercise and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, may reduce or reverse cognitive decline, but rigorously designed randomized controlled trials are needed to test the efficacy of such interventions. Methods Here, we describe the design of the Mindfulness, Education, and Exercise study, an 18-month randomized controlled trial that will assess the effect of two interventions—mindfulness training plus moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise or moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise alone—compared with a health education control group on cognitive function in older adults. An extensive battery of biobehavioral assessments will be used to understand the mechanisms of cognitive remediation, by using structural and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and metabolic and behavioral assessments. Results We provide the results from a preliminary study (n = 29) of non-randomized pilot participants who received both the exercise and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction interventions. We also provide details on the recruitment and baseline characteristics of the randomized controlled trial sample (n = 585). Conclusion When complete, the Mindfulness, Education, and Exercise study will inform the research community on the efficacy of these widely available interventions improve cognitive functioning in older adults.

Protocol for a randomized controlled trial of sitting reduction to improve cardiometabolic health in older adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 106593
Author(s):  
Dori E. Rosenberg ◽  
Mikael Anne Greenwood-Hickman ◽  
Jing Zhou ◽  
Andrea J. Cook ◽  
Kayne D. Mettert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Randomized Controlled

scholarly journals Do Peers Increase Older Adults’ Participation in Strength Training? Pilot Randomized Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 714-722
Author(s):  
Elissa Burton ◽  
Karen Levit ◽  
Jim Codde ◽  
Keith D. Hill ◽  
Anne-Marie Hill
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Older Person ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Lower Limb Strength ◽  
Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Over Time

Fewer than 20% of older adults participate in strength training (ST). Barriers to ST participation include not knowing where to go or not having someone to go with. To address these barriers, the authors provided older adults with a peer (older person already participating in ST) to support their engagement. The aim of this pilot randomized controlled trial was to determine whether older adults who were provided with a peer when participating in ST were more likely to be participating in ST 4 weeks postintervention, compared with those receiving ST alone. Fifty-one ST participants were recruited; 40 completed the intervention and postintervention data collection (78.4%). Providing peer support with ST did not significantly increase ST participation (p = .775). However, both groups made significant improvements over time in lower-limb strength and mobility. Participants in either group who continued the ST program (55%) had made additional significant improvements in lower-limb strength and mobility.

scholarly journals Effects of Power-Oriented Resistance Training With Heavy vs. Light Loads on Muscle-Tendon Function in Older Adults: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Rodriguez-Lopez ◽  
Julian Alcazar ◽  
Jose Losa-Reyna ◽  
Noelia Maria Martin-Espinosa ◽  
Ivan Baltasar-Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Older People ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Limb Immobilization

BackgroundPower-oriented resistance training (PRT) is one of the most effective exercise programs to counteract neuromuscular and physical function age-related declines. However, the optimal load that maximizes these outcomes or the load-specific adaptations induced on muscle power determinants remain to be better understood. Furthermore, to investigate whether these adaptations are potentially transferred to an untrained limb (i.e., cross-education phenomenon) could be especially relevant during limb-immobilization frequently observed in older people (e.g., after hip fracture).MethodsAt least 30 well-functioning older participants (>65 years) will participate in a within-person randomized controlled trial. After an 8-week control period, the effects of two 12-week PRT programs using light vs. heavy loads will be compared using an unilateral exercise model through three study arms (light-load PRT vs. non-exercise; heavy-load PRT vs. non-exercise; and light- vs. heavy- load PRT). Muscle-tendon function, muscle excitation and morphology and physical function will be evaluated to analyze the load-specific effects of PRT in older people. Additionally, the effects of PRT will be examined on a non-exercised contralateral limb.DiscussionTailored exercise programs are largely demanded given their potentially greater efficiency preventing age-related negative consequences, especially during limb-immobilization. This trial will provide evidence supporting the use of light- or heavy-load PRT on older adults depending on individual needs, improving decision making and exercise program efficacy.Clinical Trial RegistrationNCT03724461 registration data: October 30, 2018.

Treatment Fidelity Procedures for an Aphasia Intervention Within a Randomized Controlled Trial: Design, Feasibility, and Results

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1S) ◽  
pp. 412-424
Author(s):  
Elissa L. Conlon ◽  
Emily J. Braun ◽  
Edna M. Babbitt ◽  
Leora R. Cherney
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Treatment Fidelity ◽  
Protocol Adherence ◽  
Study Condition ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Aphasia Therapy ◽  
Percent Accuracy ◽  
Over Time

Purpose This study reports on the treatment fidelity procedures implemented during a 5-year randomized controlled trial comparing intensive and distributed comprehensive aphasia therapy. Specifically, the results of 1 treatment, verb network strengthening treatment (VNeST), are examined. Method Eight participants were recruited for each of 7 consecutive cohorts for a total of 56 participants. Participants completed 60 hr of aphasia therapy, including 15 hr of VNeST. Two experienced speech-language pathologists delivered the treatment. To promote treatment fidelity, the study team developed a detailed manual of procedures and fidelity checklists, completed role plays to standardize treatment administration, and video-recorded all treatment sessions for review. To assess protocol adherence during treatment delivery, trained research assistants not involved in the treatment reviewed video recordings of a subset of randomly selected VNeST treatment sessions and completed the fidelity checklists. This process was completed for 32 participants representing 2 early cohorts and 2 later cohorts, which allowed for measurement of protocol adherence over time. Percent accuracy of protocol adherence was calculated across clinicians, cohorts, and study condition (intensive vs. distributed therapy). Results The fidelity procedures were sufficient to promote and verify a high level of adherence to the treatment protocol across clinicians, cohorts, and study condition. Conclusion Treatment fidelity strategies and monitoring are feasible when incorporated into the study design. Treatment fidelity monitoring should be completed at regular intervals during the course of a study to ensure that high levels of protocol adherence are maintained over time and across conditions.

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