scholarly journals Berry-Derived Polyphenols in Cardiovascular Pathologies: Mechanisms of Disease and the Role of Diet and Sex

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 387
Author(s):  
Rami S. Najjar ◽  
Casey G. Turner ◽  
Brett J. Wong ◽  
Rafaela G. Feresin
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathologies ◽  
Polyphenolic Profile

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence, pathogenesis, and manifestation is differentially influenced by biological sex. Berry polyphenols target several signaling pathways pertinent to CVD development, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiac and vascular remodeling, and there are innate differences in these pathways that also vary by sex. There is limited research systematically investigating sex differences in berry polyphenol effects on these pathways, but there are fundamental findings at this time that suggest a sex-specific effect. This review will detail mechanisms within these pathological pathways, how they differ by sex, and how they may be individually targeted by berry polyphenols in a sex-specific manner. Because of the substantial polyphenolic profile of berries, berry consumption represents a promising interventional tool in the treatment and prevention of CVD in both sexes, but the mechanisms in which they function within each sex may vary.

MiR-22-3p Suppresses Vascular Remodeling and Oxidative Stress by Targeting CHD9 during the Development of Hypertension

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Hanqing Chen ◽  
Xiru Xu ◽  
Zhengqing Liu ◽  
Yong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Aortic Smooth Muscle ◽  
Phenotype Switch ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Hypertension is considered a risk factor for a series of systematic diseases. Known factors including genetic predisposition, age, and diet habits are strongly associated with the initiation of hypertension. The current study aimed to investigate the role of miR-22-3p in hypertension. In this study, we discovered that the miR-22-3p level was significantly decreased in the thoracic aortic vascular tissues and aortic smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Functionally, the overexpression of miR-22-3p facilitated the switch of ASMCs from the synthetic to contractile phenotype. To investigate the underlying mechanism, we predicted 11 potential target mRNAs for miR-22-3p. After screening, chromodomain helicase DNA-binding 9 (CHD9) was validated to bind with miR-22-3p. Rescue assays showed that the co-overexpression of miR-22-3p and CHD9 reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-22-3p mimics on cell proliferation, migration, and oxidative stress in ASMCs. Finally, miR-22-3p suppressed vascular remodeling and oxidative stress in vivo. Overall, miR-22-3p regulated ASMC phenotype switch by targeting CHD9. This new discovery provides a potential insight into hypertension treatment.

scholarly journals Role of Cox-2 in Vascular Inflammation: An Experimental Model of Metabolic Syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás F. Renna ◽  
Emiliano R. Diez ◽  
Carina Lembo ◽  
Roberto M. Miatello
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Wky Rats ◽  
Cox 2

The objective of this work was to demonstrate the role of COX-2 enzyme at the vascular in experimental model of metabolic syndrome. SHR male WKY rats were employed; they were distributed in 8 groups (n=8each): control (W); W + L: WKY rats receiving 20 mg/kg of lumiracoxib by intraesophageal administration; SHR; SHR + L: SHR + 20 mg/kg of lumiracoxib by intraesophageal administration; Fructose-Fed Rats (FFR): WKY rats receiving 10% (w/v) fructose solution in drinking water during all 12 weeks; FFR + L: FFR + 20 mg/kg of lumiracoxib by intraesophageal administration; Fructose-Fed Hypertensive Rats (FFHR): SHR receiving 10% (w/v) fructose solution in drinking water during all 12 weeks; and FFHR + L: FFHR + 20 mg/kg of lumiracoxib by intraesophageal administration. Metabolic variables, blood pressure, morphometric variables, and oxidative stress variables were evaluated; also MMP-2 and MMP-9 (collagenases), VCAM-1, and NF-κB by Westernblot or IFI were evaluated. FFHR presented all variables of metabolic syndrome; there was also an increase in oxidative stress variables; vascular remodeling and left ventricular hypertrophy were evidenced along with a significant increase in the expression of the mentioned proinflammatory molecules and increased activity and expression of collagenase. Lumiracoxib was able to reverse vascular remodeling changes and inflammation, demonstrating the involvement of COX-2 in the pathophysiology of vascular remodeling in this experimental model.

Cardiovascular disease in aging and the role of oxidative stress

Aging ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 19-35
Author(s):  
Lucie Orliaguet ◽  
Vinood B. Patel ◽  
Victor R. Preedy ◽  
Fawaz Alzaid
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease

scholarly journals New Insights into the Role of Oxidative Stress in Onset of Cardiovascular Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Doroszko ◽  
Piotr Dobrowolski ◽  
Aneta Radziwon-Balicka ◽  
Robert Skomro
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease

scholarly journals Angiotensin II‐Induced Cardiac Vascular Remodeling: Role of Oxidative Stress

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenyuan Zhao ◽  
Dan Zhao ◽  
Yuanjian Chen ◽  
youde Jiang ◽  
Yao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Vascular Remodeling

scholarly journals Tyrosol May Prevent Obesity by Inhibiting Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Francesca Pacifici ◽  
Carolina Lane Alves Farias ◽  
Silvia Rea ◽  
Barbara Capuani ◽  
Alessandra Feraco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Tyrosol (TR), a major polyphenol found in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), exerts several antioxidant effects. However, only scarce evidences are present regarding its activity on adipocytes and obesity. This study evaluated the role of TR in adipogenesis. Murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were incubated with TR (300 and 500 μM), and TR administration inhibited adipogenesis by downregulation of several adipogenic factors (leptin and aP2) and transcription factors (C/EBPα, PPARγ, SREBP1c, and Glut4) and by modulation of the histone deacetylase sirtuin 1. After complete differentiation, adipocytes treated with 300 and 500 μM TR showed a reduction of 20% and 30% in lipid droplets, respectively. Intracellular triglycerides were significantly reduced after TR treatment ( p < 0.05 ). Mature adipocytes treated with TR at 300 and 500 μM showed a marked decrease in the inflammatory state and oxidative stress as shown by the modulation of specific biomarkers (TNF, IL6, ROS, and SOD2). TR treatment also acted on the early stage of differentiation by reducing cell proliferation (~40%) and inducing cell cycle arrest during Mitotic Expansion Clonal (first 48 h of differentiation), as shown by the increase in both S1 phase and p21 protein expression. We also showed that TR induced lipolysis by activating the AMPK-ATGL-HSL pathway. In conclusion, we provided evidence that TR reduces 3T3-L1 differentiation through downregulation of adipogenic proteins, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Moreover, TR may trigger adipose tissue browning throughout the induction of the AMPK-ATGL-UCP1 pathway and, subsequently, may have promise as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment and prevention of obesity.

Role of oxidative stress in the process of vascular remodeling following coronary revascularization

2018 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Gallo ◽  
Giorgia Pierelli ◽  
Maurizio Forte ◽  
Roberta Coluccia ◽  
Massimo Volpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Coronary Revascularization
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