scholarly journals Successful Eradication of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea in an Enzootically Infected Farm: A Two-Year Follow-Up Study

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 830
Author(s):  
Guehwan Jang ◽  
Jonghyun Park ◽  
Changhee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Active Monitoring ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Spike Gene ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Infected Farm ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has negatively affected the welfare of animals and their productivity in South Korea for three decades. A shortage of effective control measures has led to the virus becoming endemic in domestic pig populations. This study aimed to describe how our intervention measures were implemented for PEDV elimination in an enzootically infected farm. We operated a risk assessment model of PEDV recurrence to obtain information about the virus itself, herd immunity, virus circulation, and biosecurity at the farm. Next, we conducted a four-pillar-based two-track strategy to heighten sow immunity and eradicate the virus, with longitudinal monitoring of immunity and virus circulation, involving strict biosecurity, prime-boost pre-farrow L/K/K immunization, all-in-all-out and disinfection practices in farrowing houses, and disinfection and gilt management in wean-to-finish barns. In particular, we observed a high prevalence and long-term survival of PEDV in slurries, posing a critical challenge to PED eradication and highlighting the necessity for consecutive testing of barn slurry samples and for the management of infected manure to control PEDV. Genetic analysis of PEDVs in this farm indicated that genetic drift continued in the spike gene, with a substitution rate of 1.683 × 10–4 substitutions/site/year. Our study underlines the need for active monitoring and surveillance of PEDV in herds and their environments, along with the coordinated means, to eliminate the virus and maintain a negative herd. The tools described in this study will serve as a framework for regional and national PED eradication programs.

scholarly journals Emergence and evolution of highly pathogenic porcine epidemic diarrhea virus by natural recombination of a low pathogenic vaccine isolate and a highly pathogenic strain in the spike gene

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huinan Wang ◽  
Libo Zhang ◽  
Yuanbin Shang ◽  
Rongrong Tan ◽  
Mingxiang Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Orf3 Gene ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Spike Gene ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Attenuated Vaccine ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea ◽  
Natural Recombination

Abstract Outbreaks of a new variant of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) at the end of 2010 have raised interest in the mutation and recombination of PEDV. A PEDV strain (CN/Liaoning25/2018) isolated from a clinical outbreak of piglet diarrhea contained a 49-bp deletion in the ORF3 gene. This deletion is considered a genetic characteristic of low pathogenic attenuated vaccine strains. However, CN/Liaoning25/2018 was highly pathogenic. Complete genome sequencing, identity analysis, phylogenetic tree construction, and recombination analysis showed that this virus was a recombinant strain containing the Spike (S) gene from the highly pathogenic CN/GDZQ/2014 strain and the remaining genomic regions from the low pathogenic vaccine isolate SQ2014. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry results confirmed that this strain was highly pathogenic and indicated that intestinal epithelial cell vacuolation was positively correlated with the intensity and density of PEDV antigens. A new natural recombination model for PEDV was identified. Our results suggest that new highly pathogenic recombinant strains in the field may be generated by recombination between low pathogenic attenuated live PEDV vaccines and pathogenic circulating PEDV strains. Our findings also highlight that the 49-bp deletion of the ORF3 gene in low pathogenic attenuated vaccine strains will no longer be a reliable standard to differentiate the classical vaccine attenuated from the field strains.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of the spike gene of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in Mexico, 2013–2016

Virus Genes ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Lara-Romero ◽  
Luis Gómez-Núñez ◽  
José Luis Cerriteño-Sánchez ◽  
Laura Márquez-Valdelamar ◽  
Susana Mendoza-Elvira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Spike Gene ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

scholarly journals The New Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Outbreak May Mean That Existing Commercial Vaccines Are Not Enough to Fully Protect Against the Epidemic Strains

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Gao ◽  
Zezhong Zheng ◽  
Heng Wang ◽  
Songqiang Yi ◽  
Guihong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea ◽  
And Control

Background: On October 30, 2020, piglets and sows in the farrowing house of a pig farm in Jiangxi showed clinical symptoms such as anorexia, watery diarrhea, and vomiting. Epidemiological test, clinical necropsy, and RT-PCR test were carried out on the pig farm for diagnosis. After comprehensive considerations, the disease was judged as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection.Results: Thereafter, a series of comprehensive prevention and control measures such as emergency vaccination with autogenous vaccines were adopted. Half a month after inoculation with autogenous vaccines for the farm, the mortality rate of newborn piglets in the farrowing house began to decline, and production gradually returned to being stable. The second-generation sequencing analysis and phylogenetic analysis showed that the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) sequence obtained from the stool and small intestine samples of the diseased pigs on the farm was 97.8% homologous to the vaccine strain. At the same time, antibody testing found that the vaccinated pigs on the pig farm had satisfactory immune response.Conclusion: This case indicated that the PEDV outbreak on the pig farm might aggravate owing to the strain being mutated and could escape the immune protection of the existing vaccine. This case has accumulated technical data for the clinical prevention and control of porcine epidemic diarrhea.

scholarly journals Detection and Molecular Diversity of Spike Gene of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus in China

Viruses ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 2601-2613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfei Chen ◽  
Xiaozhen Liu ◽  
Da Shi ◽  
Hongyan Shi ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Spike Gene ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

scholarly journals Re-emergence of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus in a Piglet-producing Farm in Jiangxi Province in China in 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Gao ◽  
Zezhong Zheng ◽  
Heng Wang ◽  
Guihong Zhang ◽  
Lang Gong
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Jiangxi Province ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea ◽  
And Control

Abstract BackgroundOn October 30, 2020, piglets and sows in the farrowing house of a pig farm in Jiangxi showed clinical symptoms such as anorexia, watery diarrhea, and vomiting. Epidemiological test, clinical necropsy, and RT-PCR test were carried out on the pig farm for diagnosis. After comprehensive considerations, the disease was judged as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection. ResultsThereafter, a series of comprehensive prevention and control measures such as emergency vaccination with autogenous vaccines were adopted. Half a month after inoculation with autogenous vaccines for the farm, the mortality rate of newborn piglets in the farrowing house began to decline, and production gradually returned to being stable. The second-generation sequencing analysis and phylogenetic analysis showed that the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) sequence obtained from the stool and small intestine samples of the diseased pigs on the farm was 97.8% homologous to the vaccine strain. At the same time, antibody testing found that the vaccinated pigs on the pig farm had satisfactory immune response.ConclusionThis case indicating that the PEDV outbreak on the pig farm might aggravate owing to the strain being mutated and could escape the immune protection of the existing vaccine. This case has accumulated technical data for the clinical prevention and control of porcine epidemic diarrhea.

scholarly journals Reactivity of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Structural Proteins to Antibodies against Porcine Enteric Coronaviruses: Diagnostic Implications

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 1426-1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Gabriel Gimenez-Lirola ◽  
Jianqiang Zhang ◽  
Jose Antonio Carrillo-Avila ◽  
Qi Chen ◽  
Ronaldo Magtoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

ABSTRACTThe development of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) antibody-based assays is important for detecting infected animals, confirming previous virus exposure, and monitoring sow herd immunity. However, the potential cross-reactivity among porcine coronaviruses is a major concern for the development of pathogen-specific assays. In this study, we used serum samples (n= 792) from pigs of precisely known infection status and a multiplex fluorescent microbead-based immunoassay and/or enzyme-linked immunoassay platform to characterize the antibody response to PEDV whole-virus (WV) particles and recombinant polypeptides derived from the four PEDV structural proteins, i.e., spike (S), nucleocapsid (N), membrane (M), and envelope (E). Antibody assay cutoff values were selected to provide 100% diagnostic specificity for each target. The earliest IgG antibody response, mainly directed against S1 polypeptides, was observed at days 7 to 10 postinfection. With the exception of nonreactive protein E, we observed similar antibody ontogenies and patterns of seroconversion for S1, N, M, and WV antigens. Recombinant S1 provided the best diagnostic sensitivity, regardless of the PEDV strain, with no cross-reactivity detected against transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), or porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) pig antisera. The WV particles showed some cross-reactivity to TGEV Miller and TGEV Purdue antisera, while N protein presented some cross-reactivity to TGEV Miller. The M protein was highly cross-reactive to TGEV and PRCV antisera. Differences in the antibody responses to specific PEDV structural proteins have important implications in the development and performance of antibody assays for the diagnosis of PEDV enteric disease.

Epidemiology and phylogeny of spike gene of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus from Yunnan, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingwei Zuo ◽  
Ru Zhao ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
Qian Zhao ◽  
Lingyun Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Spike Gene ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea
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