scholarly journals The Experimental Infections of the Human Isolate of Strongyloides Stercoralis in a Rodent Model (The Mongolian Gerbil, Meriones Unguiculatus)

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarit Charuchaibovorn ◽  
Vivornpun Sanprasert ◽  
Surang Nuchprayoon
Keyword(s):  
Mongolian Gerbil ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Meriones Unguiculatus ◽  
Human Isolate ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Parasitic Worms ◽  
Patent Infection ◽  
Alternative Drugs

Strongyloidiasis is life-threatening disease which is mainly caused by Strongyloides stercoralis infection. Autoinfection of the parasite results in long-lasting infection and fatal conditions, hyperinfection and dissemination (primarily in immunosuppressed hosts). However, mechanisms of autoinfection and biology remain largely unknown. Rodent models including mice and rats are not susceptible to the human isolate of S. stercoralis. Variations in susceptibility of the human isolate of S. stercoralis are found in dogs. S. ratti and S. venezuelensis infections in rats are an alternative model without the ability to cause autoinfection. The absence of appropriate model for the human isolate of strongyloidiasis hampers a better understanding of human strongyloidiasis. We demonstrated the maintenance of the human isolate of the S. stercoralis life cycle in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). The human isolate of S. stercoralis caused a patent infection in immunosuppressed gerbils, more than 18 months. The mean number of recovery adult parasitic worms were 120 ± 23 (1.2% of the initial dose) and L1s were 12,500 ± 7,500 after day 28 post-inoculation (p.i.). The prepatent period was 9–14 days. Mild diarrhoea was found in gerbils carrying a high number of adult parasitic worms. Our findings provided a promising model for studying biology and searching new alternative drugs against the parasites. Further studies about the hyperinfection and dissemination would be performed.

Susceptibility of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) to Western equine encephalitis

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 941-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Hayles
Keyword(s):  
Mongolian Gerbil ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Meriones Unguiculatus ◽  
Virus Concentration ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Equine Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Western Equine Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Peripheral Infection ◽  
Western Equine Encephalitis

The Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) was highly susceptible to peripheral infection with Western equine encephalitis virus. Small doses of virus ranging from 0.1 to 10 intracerebral 3-week-old mouse LD50 which induced no clinical response in 3-week-old mice when inoculated subcutaneously, caused death in 4-week-old gerbils. At this age, a standard dose of virus produced uniform viremia patterns between individuals. Peak virus concentration approaching 105.0 intracerebral 3-week-old mouse LD50 per 0.03 milliliter of blood, was attained at 48 h post inoculation. Resistance to infection increased with age but 10-week old gerbils remained susceptible and exhibited marked clinical signs of encephalitis during the course of infection. Brains from animals, which died within 10 days of infection, yielded large amounts of virus.

Strongyloides stercoralis: The First Rodent Model for Uncomplicated and Hyperinfective Strongyloidiasis, the Mongolian Gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)

1993 ◽  
Vol 168 (6) ◽  
pp. 1479-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Nolan ◽  
Z. Megyeri ◽  
V. M. Bhopale ◽  
G. A. Schad
Keyword(s):  
Mongolian Gerbil ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Meriones Unguiculatus ◽  
Rodent Model

Delayed implantation in the Mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus

Reproduction ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Norris ◽  
C. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Mongolian Gerbil ◽  
Meriones Unguiculatus ◽  
Delayed Implantation

scholarly journals Massive haemorrhagic complications of ruptured pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: outcomes from a 12 years’ retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Ma ◽  
Bing Jie ◽  
Dong Yu ◽  
Ling-Ling Li ◽  
Sen Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia ◽  
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Peripheral Lung ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background The life-threatening haemorrhagic complications of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are extremely rare, and only described in isolated cases. This study was designed to comprehensively investigate management of ruptured PAVMs. Methods We retrospectively assessed clinical and imaging data of ruptured PAVMs to summarize incidence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes following embolisation between January 2008 and January 2021. Results Eighteen of 406 (4.4%) patients with PAVMs developed haemorrhagic complications. Twelve of 18 patients were clinically diagnosed with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). Haemorrhagic complications occurred with no clear trigger in all cases. Eight of 18 patients (44.4%) were initially misdiagnosed or had undergone early ineffective treatment. 28 lesions were detected, with 89.3% of them located in peripheral lung. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) showed indirect signs to indicate ruptured PAVMs in all cases. Lower haemoglobin concentrations were associated with the diameter of afferent arteries in the ruptured lesions. Successful embolotherapy was achieved in all cases. After embolotherapy, arterial oxygen saturation improved and bleeding was controlled (P < 0.05). The mean follow-up time was 3.2 ± 2.5 years (range, 7 months to 10 years). Conclusions Life threatening haemorrhagic complications of PAVMs are rare, they usually occur without a trigger and can be easily misdiagnosed. HHT and larger size of afferent arteries are major risk factors of these complications. CTA is a useful tool for diagnosis and therapeutic guidance for ruptured PAVMs. Embolotherapy is an effective therapy for this life-threatening complication.

From strongyloidiasis to disseminated mucormycosis: the story of an HTLV-1-infected migrant

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brice Autier ◽  
Adélaïde Chesnay ◽  
Claire Mayence ◽  
Stéphanie Houcke ◽  
Hélène Guégan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Disseminated Strongyloidiasis ◽  
Disseminated Mucormycosis

Strongyloidiasis manifestations range from asymptomatic cases to the life-threatening disseminated strongyloidiasis in case of immune deficiency: larvae migrate throughout the body, disseminating germs from the digestive flora to various organs. Here, we described a case of disseminated mucormycosis consecutive to Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfestation in a Surinamese migrant infected with HTLV-1.

A critical reappraisal of MIB-1 labelling index significance in a large series of pituitary tumours: secreting versus non-secreting adenomas.

2002 ◽  
pp. 103-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
M L Jaffrain-Rea ◽  
D Di Stefano ◽  
G Minniti ◽  
V Esposito ◽  
A Bultrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operative Treatment ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Tumour Volume ◽  
Pituitary Tumour ◽  
Labelling Index ◽  
Pituitary Tumours ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody Mib 1 ◽  
Mib 1

Pituitary tumours are usually benign neoplasia, but may have a locally aggressive or malignant evolution. This study aimed to identify factors which mostly influence their proliferative activity, in order to clarify its value for clinical and research purposes. The proliferative index was determined in a prospective series of 132 pituitary tumours as the percentage of monoclonal antibody MIB-1-immunopositive cells and referred to as the MIB-1 labelling index (LI). Its distribution was analysed according to both univariate and multivariate models. A life-threatening pituitary tumour is presented separately. The mean LI was 1.24+/-1.59%, with significant differences between clinically secreting (CS) and clinically non-secreting (CNS) adenomas. In CS adenomas (n=65), LI was highly variable and markedly influenced by pre-operative pharmacological treatment (0.80+/-1.03 vs 2.06+/-2.39% in treated vs untreated cases, P=0.009); it decreased with patient's age (P=0.025, r=0.28) and increased with tumour volume and invasiveness. The influence of pre-operative treatment and macroscopic features on LI in this group was confirmed by multivariate analysis. In CNS adenomas (n=67), LI distribution was less variable than in CS adenomas (P<0.0001), it was age-independent and correlations with tumour volume, invasiveness or recurrence did not reach significance. In a rapidly growing parasellar tumour, the mean LI was 24% at first surgery and exceeded 50% at second surgery performed 4 months later. LI should be interpreted according to hormone secretion and pre-operative treatment. Unusually high LI values deserve particular attention.

Terminal ileum resection as a trigger for Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection and ensuing serial sepsis in a 37-year-old patient with complicated Crohnʼs disease: a case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (04) ◽  
pp. 380-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Topić ◽  
Silvija Čuković-Čavka ◽  
Marko Brinar ◽  
Mirjana Kalauz ◽  
Ivica Škrlec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Skin Penetration ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Tropics

AbstractThe nematode Strongyloides stercoralis, outside the tropics and subtropics present in small endemic foci, can cause an infection after direct skin contact with contaminated soil containing infective filariform larvae and, rarely, after intimate interhuman contact or after transplantation of an infected solid organ. Following skin penetration, migration, and maturation through several stages, a small number of invasive filariform larvae can develop anew in the gut lumen, perpetuating new cycles of penetration, tissue migration, and reproduction, without leaving the host.In a state of immunosuppression, autoinfection can progress to life-threatening hyperinfection and/or infection disseminated through virtually any organ. In developed countries, the most frequently recognized risk for severe hyperinfection is corticosteroid therapy, but this has been also described in malnourished, alcoholic, cancer, and transplant patients. Due to the frequent need for immunosuppressive therapy, patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are susceptible to develop overwhelming strongyloidiasis. Strongyloidiasis can be easily overlooked in clinical settings, and in many European regions there is poor insight into the epidemiological burden of this disease.We present a case of S. stercoralis hyperinfection that triggered 3 successive episodes of sepsis caused by pathogens of the gut flora in a young patient suffering from stenotic form of Crohn’s disease. S. stercoralis hyperinfection occurred in the corticosteroid-free period, shortly after resection of the terminal ileum, which was probably the trigger for the overwhelming course. The patient was successfully treated with 10-day albendazole therapy.

High susceptibility of Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) to Borna disease virus

Vaccine ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 480-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurie Nakamura ◽  
Takaaki Nakaya ◽  
Katsuro Hagiwara ◽  
Noriko Momiyama ◽  
Yumiko Kagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Mongolian Gerbil ◽  
Meriones Unguiculatus ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
Borna Disease Virus ◽  
Borna Disease
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document