A Sensitive, One-Way Sequential Sieving Method to Isolate Helminths’ Eggs and Protozoal Oocysts from Lettuce for Genetic Identification

Different helminths and protozoa are transmitted to humans by oral uptake of environmentally resistant parasite stages after hand-to-mouth contact or by contaminated food and water. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a method for the simultaneous detection of parasite stages from fresh produce (lettuce) by a one-way isolation test kit followed by genetic identification (PCR, sequencing). Three sentinel zoonotic agents (eggs of Toxocara canis, Echinococcus multilocularis and oocysts of Toxoplasma gondii) were used to investigate the practicability and sensitivity of the method. The detection limits (100% positive results) in the recovery experiments were four Toxocara eggs, two E. multilocularis eggs and 18 T. gondii oocysts (in 4/5 replicates). In a field study, helminth DNA was detected in 14 of 157 lettuce samples including Hydatigera taeniaeformis (Syn. Taenia taeniaeformis) (four samples), T. polyacantha (three), T. martis (one), E. multilocularis (two) and Toxocara cati (four). Toxoplasma gondii was detected in six of 100 samples. In vivo testing in mice resulted in metacestode growth in all animals injected with 40–60 E. multilocularis eggs, while infection rates were 20–40% with 2–20 eggs. The developed diagnostic strategy is highly sensitive for the isolation and genetic characterisation of a broad range of parasite stages from lettuce, whereas the sensitivity of the viability tests needs further improvement.

Download Full-text

Ocular toxocariasis caused by toxocara canis in an adult woman. Case report

Case reports ◽

10.15446/cr.v4n1.65310 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 4-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

German Santiago Barahona Botache ◽

Mario Javier Olivera

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Taenia Solium ◽

Toxocara Canis ◽

Adult Woman ◽

Toxocara Cati ◽

Ocular Toxocariasis ◽

Pars Planitis

Introducción. La toxocariasis es una zoonosis producida por las larvas de los nematodos Toxocara canis y Toxocara cati, parásitos intestinales de los cánidos y los félidos, respectivamente.Presentación del caso. Paciente femenino de 22 años de edad, procedente de Caquetá, Colombia, con un cuadro de 3 meses de evolución con pérdida de visión en ojo izquierdo, acompañada de dolor ocular, diplopía, fotofobia y ojo rojo bilateral, quien presenta desprendimiento de retina en ojo izquierdo diagnosticado por ecografía. La mujer asiste a oftalmología, donde se hace diagnóstico diferencial con retinoblastoma y pars planitis. Se inicia manejo sintomático con corticoides orales y tópicos, con mejoría de la sintomatología, pero persistencia de pérdida de la agudeza visual.Discusión. Al revisar historial de antecedentes socioeconómicos, la paciente convive con perros y gatos, por lo que se piensa en toxocariasis ocular. En el cuadro hemático se observa ligera leucocitosis y linfocitosis, sin eosinofilia. La determinación de anticuerpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii y anti-cisticerco de Taenia solium resultaron negativas, al igual que el VDRL. El test de ELISA para T. canis fue positivo, con unos títulos IgG de 1:64 (positivo ≥1:32, especificidad >90%). Se inicia manejo con corticoide oftálmico, sistémico, albendazol y vitrectomía. Con la intervención quirúrgica se libera banda vítrea, logrando la desaparición de la diplopía, pero persiste granuloma periférico residual, el cual será intervenido por oftalmología.Conclusiones. Dada la posibilidad de ser confundida con un retinoblastoma —una neoplasia maligna que puede requerir la enucleación del ojo—, el conocimiento de esta forma de presentación de la toxocariasis es de suma importancia para los clínicos.

Download Full-text

Differentiation of Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati based on PCR-RFLP analyses of rDNA-ITS and mitochondrial cox1 and nad1 regions

Acta Parasitologica ◽

10.1515/ap-2017-0066 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Fattaneh Mikaeili ◽

Alexander Mathis ◽

Peter Deplazes ◽

Hossein Mirhendi ◽

Afshin Barazesh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxocara Canis ◽

Genetic Identification ◽

Toxocara Cati ◽

Mitochondrial Cox1 ◽

Rdna Its ◽

Pcr Rflp

AbstractThe definitive genetic identification of

Download Full-text

ENTEROPARÁSITOS EN PERROS (Canis familiaris) Y GATOS (Felis catus) DE LA PROVINCIA DE PUNO

Revista de Investigaciones Altoandinas - Journal of High Andean Research ◽

10.18271/ria.2013.21 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 15 (01) ◽

Author(s):

FELICIANA VILCA DE DIAZ ◽

MAXIMO MELO ANCCASI

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Canis Familiaris ◽

Toxocara Canis ◽

Felis Catus ◽

Toxocara Cati ◽

Sarcocystis Spp ◽

Para Determinar ◽

De Medicina ◽

Trichuris Vulpis

<h4 class="text-primary">Resumen</h4>Las mascotas que conviven con el hombre, el perro y el gato ocupan un lugar muy especial, como amigos fieles, especialmente de los niños; sin embargo esta relación se interrumpe por la presencia de parásitos ciclozoonóticos, ocasionando múltiples enfermedades, incluso en algunos casos podrían ocasionar la muerte, con repercusiones socioeconómicas de impacto. Por ello la necesidad de realizar esta investigación para determinar la prevalencia de entero parásitos en estas especies, evaluándose 150 muestras fecales de perros de los distritos de Puno y Tiquillaca y 96 de gatos del distrito de Puno, en el Laboratorio de Parasitología de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad Nacional Del Altiplano Puno, considerando la variable edad, mediante los métodos: directo simple y concentración por flotación en solución de sulfato de zinc al 33.3 %, para identificar la presencia de protozoarios y helmintos entéricos. Obteniéndose los siguientes resultados: la prevalencia de entero parásitos en perros fue de 78.6%, reportándose protozoos como: Isospora spp 14%, Giardia canis 3.3% y Sarcocystis spp 8.6%; según la edad 29.3 % en cachorros y 20 % en adultos. Las prevalencias para helmintos: Toxocara canis 49.3%, Toxascaris leonina 12%, Taenia spp 15.3% y Trichuris vulpis 7.3%, por edad 74.6% en jóvenes y 32% en adultos. La prevalencia en gatos fue de 61.46 % reportándose protozoarios como Isospora felis 19.79%, Isospora rivolta 6.25% y Toxoplasma gondii 2.08%; con 29.17% y 18.75% para animales jóvenes y adultos; en relación a helmintos: Toxocara cati 53.13%, Ancylostoma tubaeforme 3.13% y Uncinaria spp 1.04%, con 64.58% y 43.75% en animales jóvenes y adultos respectivamente.Palabra clave: enteros parásitos, prevalencia, protozoos, helmintos, jóvenes, adultos.

Download Full-text

The influence of rodenticides in dissemination of endoparasites of dogs and cats

Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society ◽

10.12681/jhvms.15632 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 139

Author(s):

M. LEFKADITIS

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Trichinella Spiralis ◽

Toxocara Canis ◽

Accidental Poisoning ◽

State Agencies ◽

Toxocara Cati ◽

Public Health Importance ◽

Spirocerca Lupi ◽

Cryptosporidium Spp ◽

Toxascaris Leonina

Mice and other rodents are well known to play an important role in the biological cycle of many parasites of pets. Among the endoparasites identified in Greece which could be transmitted to dogs and/or cats from colloquially rodents are Spirocerca lupi, Ascaridae namely Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina in dogs and Ancylostoma caninum, A.braziliense, Trichinella spiralis, Echinococcus granulosus, Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium spp and Leihsmania spp, while cats can be infested by Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Ancylostoma tubaeformae, A.braziliense, Aelurostrongylus abstrusus and Taenia taeniaformis, Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium spp and Leihsmania spp. The route of infection of pet includes in many cases ingestion of parasite infested rodents. A number of these parasites are also of great Public Health importance because they are causing zoonotic diseases. Because of the large numbers of rodents in some areas and their role in transmitting diseases in man and animals, rodenticide programs are performed by individuals or state agencies. Rodenticides are chemical and non-chemical compound which are used to eliminate rodents. However, attention should be paid on their use and manufacturer’s instructions should be strictly followed because of the risk of accidental poisoning of pets and children. It can be conclude that prudent rodent control is essential in the prevention of parasite infection of pets and the transmission of zoonotic parasite to humans.

Download Full-text

In Vivo Testing of the Wound-healing Activity of a Natural-based Skin Cream for Dogs and Cats

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-2006-950005 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 72 (11) ◽

Author(s):

S Jia ◽

T Mustoe ◽

JK Ketzis

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Skin Cream ◽

In Vivo Testing ◽

Wound Healing Activity

Download Full-text

Synthesis, Properties, and in vivo Testing of Biogenic Ferrihydrite Nanoparticles

Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences Physics ◽

10.3103/s106287382011026x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 84 (11) ◽

pp. 1366-1369

Author(s):

S. V. Stolyar ◽

V. P. Ladygina ◽

A. V. Boldyreva ◽

O. A. Kolenchukova ◽

A. M. Vorotynov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Synthesis Properties ◽

In Vivo Testing

Download Full-text

SpO2 Accuracy In Vivo Testing for Neonates & Infants

Case Medical Research ◽

10.31525/ct1-nct03843489 ◽

2000 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

In Vivo Testing

Download Full-text

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara canis among Myositis Patients in Southwest of Iran

Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871526520666191231123159 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Jasem Saki ◽

Karim Mowla ◽

Reza Arjmand ◽

Forough Kazemi ◽

Somayeh Fallahizadeh

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Nested Pcr ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Toxocara Canis ◽

Control Group ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Acute Toxoplasmosis ◽

Southwest Of Iran

Introduction: Parasitic myositis is caused by some parasites such as T. gondii and T. canis. So, the aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence T. gondii and T. canis in patients with myositis and healthy individuals. Methods: A total of 108 samples were randomly selected as the control (54 healthy individuals) and test (54 myositis patients) groups. IgG and IgM antibodies against T. gondii and IgG antibodies against T. canis were measured by the ELISA. The detection of chronic and acute toxoplasmosis was performed by the ELISA IgG avidity. The presence of T. gondii in blood was evaluated by the nested-PCR. Results: Of 108, 33 (30.6%) cases were detected positive for IgG against T. gondii that 19 (35.2%) and 14 (25.9%) were observed in myositis patients and healthy individuals, respectively (P=0.296). Of 19 positive cases, 12 (63.2%) and 7 (36.8%) cases were detected as chronic and acute toxoplasmosis, respectively, while, all positive cases in the control group had chronic toxoplasmosis (P=0.013). One (1.9%) sample was detected positive for anti- Toxoplasma gondii IgM and two (3.7%) samples were found positive for IgG against T. canis by the ELISA that these positive cases were observed only in myositis patients (P=1.000 P=0.495, respectively). B1 T. gondii gene was amplified in 12 (63.2%) and 1 (7.1%) in myositis patients and healthy subjects (P=0.001). Conclusions: Our findings showed that there was a relatively high prevalence of acute toxoplasmosis in myositis patients in comparison with the control subjects in southwest of Iran.

Download Full-text

Aspiration Revisited: Prospective Evaluation of a Physiologically Pressurized Model With Animal Correlation and Broader Applicability to Filler Complications

Aesthetic Surgery Journal ◽

10.1093/asj/sjab194 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hyoung-Jin Moon ◽

Won Lee ◽

Ji-Soo Kim ◽

Eun-Jung Yang ◽

Hema Sundaram

Keyword(s):

Normal Saline ◽

False Negative ◽

Vascular Complications ◽

Filler Injection ◽

Negative Results ◽

Needle Position ◽

False Negative Results ◽

In Vivo Testing

Abstract Background Aspiration testing before filler injection is controversial. Some believe that aspiration can help prevent inadvertent intravascular injection, while others cite false-negative results and question its value given that the needle position always changes somewhat during injection procedures. Objectives To test the relation of false-negative results to the viscosity of the material within the needle lumen and determine whether a less viscous material within the needle lumen could decrease the incidence of false-negative results. Methods In vitro aspiration tests were performed using 30-G and 27-G needle gauges, two cross-linked hyaluronic acid fillers, normal saline bags pressurized at 140 and 10 mmHg to mimic human arterial and venous pressures, and three needle lumen conditions (normal saline, air, and filler). Testing was repeated three times under each study condition (72 tests in total). For in vivo correlation, aspiration tests were performed on femoral arteries and central auricular veins in three rabbits (4–5 aspirations per site, 48 tests in total). Results In vitro and in vivo testing using 30-G needles containing filler both showed false-negative results on aspiration testing. In vitro and in vivo testing using needles containing saline or air showed positive findings. Conclusions False-negative results from aspiration testing may be reduced by pre-filling the needle lumen with saline rather than a filler. The pressurized system may help overcome challenges of animal models with intravascular pressures significantly different from those of humans. The adaptability of this system to mimic various vessel pressures may facilitate physiologically relevant studies of vascular complications.

Download Full-text