scholarly journals Cryptosporidium Species and C. parvum Subtypes in Farmed Bamboo Rats

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1018
Author(s):  
Falei Li ◽  
Wentao Zhao ◽  
Chenyuan Zhang ◽  
Yaqiong Guo ◽  
Na Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Rate ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Cryptosporidium Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Bamboo Rat

Bamboo rats (Rhizomys sinensis) are widely farmed in Guangdong, China, but the distribution and public health potential of Cryptosporidium spp. in them are unclear. In this study, 724 fecal specimens were collected from bamboo rats in Guangdong Province and analyzed for Cryptosporidium spp. using PCR and sequence analyses of the small subunit rRNA gene. The overall detection rate of Cryptosporidium spp. was 12.2% (88/724). By age, the detection rate in animals under 2 months (23.2% or 13/56) was significantly higher than in animals over 2 months (11.2% or 75/668; χ2 = 6.95, df = 1, p = 0.0084). By reproduction status, the detection rate of Cryptosporidium spp. in nursing animals (23.1% or 27/117) was significantly higher than in other reproduction statuses (6.8% or 4/59; χ2 = 7.18, df = 1, p = 0.0074). Five Cryptosporidium species and genotypes were detected, including Cryptosporidium bamboo rat genotype I (n = 49), C. parvum (n = 31), Cryptosporidium bamboo rat genotype III (n = 5), C. occultus (n = 2), and C. muris (n = 1). The average numbers of oocysts per gram of feces for these Cryptosporidium spp. were 14,074, 494,636, 9239, 394, and 323, respectively. The genetic uniqueness of bamboo rat genotypes I and III was confirmed by sequence analyses of the 70 kDa heat shock protein and actin genes. Subtyping C. parvum by sequence analysis of the 60 kDa glycoprotein gene identified the presence of IIoA15G1 (n = 20) and IIpA6 (n = 2) subtypes. The results of this study indicated that Cryptosporidium spp. are common in bamboo rats in Guangdong, and some of the Cryptosporidium spp. in these animals are known human pathogens.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Cryptosporidium in Bactrian Camels (Camelus bactrianus) in Xinjiang, Northwestern China

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 946
Author(s):  
Yangwenna Cao ◽  
Zhaohui Cui ◽  
Qiang Zhou ◽  
Bo Jing ◽  
Chunyan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Cryptosporidium Species ◽  
Northwestern China ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Bactrian Camels ◽  
Ssu Rrna Gene Sequence

Cryptosporidium species are ubiquitous enteric protozoan pathogens of vertebrates distributed worldwide. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the zoonotic potential and genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. in Bactrian camels in Xinjiang, northwestern China. A total of 476 fecal samples were collected from 16 collection sites in Xinjiang and screened for Cryptosporidium by PCR. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium was 7.6% (36/476). Six Cryptosporidium species, C. andersoni (n = 24), C. parvum (n = 6), C. occultus (n = 2), C. ubiquitum (n = 2), C. hominis (n = 1), and C. bovis (n = 1), were identified based on sequence analysis of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene. Sequence analysis of the gp60 gene identified six C. parvum isolates as subtypes, such as If-like-A15G2 (n = 5) and IIdA15G1 (n = 1), two C. ubiquitum isolates, such as subtype XIIa (n = 2), and one C. hominis isolate, such as Ixias IkA19G1 (n = 1). This is the first report of C. parvum, C. hominis, C. ubiquitum, and C. occultus in Bactrian camels in China. These results indicated that the Bactrian camel may be an important reservoir for zoonotic Cryptosporidium spp. and these infections may be a public health threat in this region.

scholarly journals First Detection of Cryptosporidium spp. in Migratory Whooper Swans (Cygnus cygnus) in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Ke Wang ◽  
Azhar Gazizova ◽  
Yuexin Wang ◽  
Kaihui Zhang ◽  
Yifan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Cryptosporidium Species ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Rrna Sequence ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Cryptosporidium Andersoni ◽  
Positive Rate

Cryptosporidium is an important protozoan parasite that can cause gastrointestinal diseases in humans and that also causes respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases in birds. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of Cryptosporidium species in migratory whooper swans in China. Fecal samples (n = 467) from whooper swans were collected from Sanmenxia Swan Lake National Urban Wetland Park, China. The samples were analyzed for Cryptosporidium species and genotypes with PCR along a sequence analysis of the small subunit rRNA. Cryptosporidium was detected in eight of the 467 (1.7%) samples. The analysis of the small subunit rRNA sequence data revealed two zoonotic species (Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium andersoni) and one genotype (Cryptosporidium goose genotype II). These are the first data on the positive rate of Cryptosporidium spp. in whooper swans in China, and they suggest that whooper swans can harbor the zoonotic species C. parvum and C. andersoni in China.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. in Captive Reptiles

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 891-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihua Xiao ◽  
Una M. Ryan ◽  
Thaddeus K. Graczyk ◽  
Josef Limor ◽  
Lixia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna Gene ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

ABSTRACT The genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium in reptiles was analyzed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence analysis of the small subunit rRNA gene. A total of 123 samples were analyzed, of which 48 snake samples, 24 lizard samples, and 3 tortoise samples were positive for Cryptosporidium. Nine different types of Cryptosporidium were found, including Cryptosporidium serpentis, Cryptosporidium desert monitor genotype, Cryptosporidium muris, Cryptosporidium parvum bovine and mouse genotypes, one C. serpentis-like parasite in a lizard, two new Cryptosporidium spp. in snakes, and one new Cryptosporidium sp. in tortoises. C. serpentis and the desert monitor genotype were the most common parasites and were found in both snakes and lizards, whereas the C. muris and C. parvum parasites detected were probably the result of ingestion of infected rodents. Sequence and biologic characterizations indicated that the desert monitor genotype was Cryptosporidium saurophilum. Two host-adapted C. serpentis genotypes were found in snakes and lizards.

scholarly journals Tracking Host Sources of Cryptosporidium spp. in Raw Water for Improved Health Risk Assessment

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 3945-3957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma J. Ruecker ◽  
Shannon L. Braithwaite ◽  
Edward Topp ◽  
Thomas Edge ◽  
David R. Lapen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Molecular Composition ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
Area Source

ABSTRACT Recent molecular evidence suggests that different species and/or genotypes of Cryptosporidium display strong host specificity, altering our perceptions regarding the zoonotic potential of this parasite. Molecular forensic profiling of the small-subunit rRNA gene from oocysts enumerated on microscope slides by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency method 1623 was used to identify the range and prevalence of Cryptosporidium species and genotypes in the South Nation watershed in Ontario, Canada. Fourteen sites within the watershed were monitored weekly for 10 weeks to assess the occurrence, molecular composition, and host sources of Cryptosporidium parasites impacting water within the region. Cryptosporidium andersoni, Cryptosporidium muskrat genotype II, Cryptosporidium cervine genotype, C. baileyi, C. parvum, Cryptosporidium muskrat genotype I, the Cryptosporidium fox genotype, genotype W1, and genotype W12 were detected in the watershed. The molecular composition of the Cryptosporidium parasites, supported by general land use analysis, indicated that mature cattle were likely the main source of contamination of the watershed. Deer, muskrats, voles, birds, and other wildlife species, in addition to sewage (human or agricultural) may also potentially impact water quality within the study area. Source water protection studies that use land use analysis with molecular genotyping of Cryptosporidium parasites may provide a more robust source-tracking tool to characterize fecal impacts in a watershed. Moreover, the information is vital for assessing environmental and human health risks posed by water contaminated with zoonotic and/or anthroponotic forms of Cryptosporidium.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of Cryptosporidium cuniculus from Rabbits in Egypt

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 775
Author(s):  
Doaa Naguib ◽  
Dawn M. Roellig ◽  
Nagah Arafat ◽  
Lihua Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Glycoprotein Gene ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna Gene ◽  
Pcr Rflp

Rabbits are increasingly farmed in Egypt for meat. They are, however, known reservoirs of infectious pathogens. Currently, no information is available on the genetic characteristics of Cryptosporidium spp. in rabbits in Egypt. To understand the prevalence and genetic identity of Cryptosporidium spp. in these animals, 235 fecal samples were collected from rabbits of different ages on nine farms in El-Dakahlia, El-Gharbia, and Damietta Provinces, Egypt during the period from July 2015 to April 2016. PCR-RFLP analysis of the small subunit rRNA gene was used to detect and genotype Cryptosporidium spp. The overall detection rate was 11.9% (28/235). All 28 samples were identified as Cryptosporidium cuniculus. The 16 samples successfully subtyped by the sequence analysis of the partial 60 kDa glycoprotein gene belonged to two subtypes, VbA19 (n = 1) and VbA33 (n = 15). As C. cuniculus is increasingly recognized as a cause of human cryptosporidiosis, Cryptosporidium spp. in rabbits from Egypt have zoonotic potential.

scholarly journals Host-Adapted Cryptosporidium spp. in Canada Geese (Branta canadensis)

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 4211-4215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Zhou ◽  
Hailu Kassa ◽  
Monica L. Tischler ◽  
Lihua Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Small Subunit ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Canada Geese ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
Transmission Cycle ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Genotype Ii

ABSTRACT The prevalence and distribution of Cryptosporidium spp. in the fecal droppings of the free-living waterfowl Canada geese were examined at 13 sites in Ohio and Illinois. On the basis of the analysis of the small-subunit rRNA gene by PCR, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing, 49 (23.4%) of 209 fecal specimens collected from 10 sites (76.9%) were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. The following five Cryptosporidium species and genotypes were identified: Cryptosporidium goose genotype I (in 36 specimens), Cryptosporidium goose genotype II (in 9 specimens), Cryptosporidium duck genotype (in 1 specimen), Cryptosporidium parvum (in 4 specimens), and C. hominis (in 2 specimens). Cryptosporidium goose genotype I was the most prevalent parasite and was found at all five Cryptosporidium-positive sites in Ohio and at four of five positive sites in Illinois, followed by Cryptosporidium goose genotype II, which was found at two of five positive sites in Ohio and at four of five positive sites in Illinois. Cryptosporidium goose genotype II was detected for the first time, and it is phylogenetically related to goose genotype I and the duck genotype. All three genotypes have not so far been reported in humans, and their pathogenicity in geese has not been determined. Only 10.2% of the Cryptosporidium-positive specimens had C. parvum and C. hominis. The results of this study indicate that Canada geese might only serve as accidental carriers of cryptosporidia infectious to humans and probably play a minor role in the animal-to-human transmission cycle of the pathogen.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. from HIV infected patients from an urban area of Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 341-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia de Lucca ◽  
Elizabeth Natal De Gaspari ◽  
Lígia M. Bozzoli ◽  
Mikaela Renata Funada ◽  
Sheila Oliveira de Souza Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocyst ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Cryptosporidium Species ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Oocyst Wall ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp

Cryptosporidium spp. are important cause of enteric disease in humans, but may also infect animals. This study describes the relative frequency of several Cryptosporidium species found in human specimens from HIV infected patients in the São Paulo municipality obtained from January to July 2007. Sequence analysis of the products of nested-PCR based on small subunit rRNA and Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein coding genes revealed 17 (63.0%) isolates of C. hominis, four (14.8%) C. parvum, five (18.5%) C. felis and one (3.7%) C. canis. These findings suggest that, in urban environments of Brazil, the cat adapted C. felis may play a potential role in the zoonotic transmission of cryptosporidiosis whereas the anthroponotic transmission of cryptosporidiosis caused by C. hominis seems to predominate.

scholarly journals Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing and Informatics as an Effective Tool to Establish the Composition of Bovine Piroplasm Populations in Endemic Regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Abdul Ghafar ◽  
Anson V. Koehler ◽  
Ross S. Hall ◽  
Charles G. Gauci ◽  
Robin B. Gasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Tropical Theileriosis ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Protists of the genera Babesia and Theileria (piroplasms) cause some of the most prevalent and debilitating diseases for bovines worldwide. In this study, we established and used a next-generation sequencing-informatic approach to explore the composition of Babesia and Theileria populations in cattle and water buffalo in a country (Pakistan) endemic for these pathogens. We collected individual blood samples from cattle (n = 212) and water buffalo (n = 154), extracted genomic DNAs, PCR-amplified the V4 hypervariable region of 18S small subunit rRNA gene from piroplasms, sequenced amplicons using Illumina technology, and then analysed data using bioinformatic platforms. The results revealed piroplasms in 68.9% (252/366) samples, with overall occurrence being markedly higher in cattle (85.8%) than in water buffaloes (45.5%). Babesia (B.) occultans and Theileria (T.) lestoquardi-like species were recorded for the first time in Pakistan, and, overall, T. annulata was most commonly detected (65.8%) followed by B. bovis (7.1%), B. bigemina (4.4%), and T. orientalis (0.5%), with the genetic variability within B. bovis being pronounced. The occurrence and composition of piroplasm species varied markedly across different agro-ecological zones. The high detection of T. annulata in asymptomatic animals suggested a relatively high level of endemic stability of tropical theileriosis in the bovine population.

scholarly journals High Diversity of Cryptosporidium Species and Subtypes Identified in Cryptosporidiosis Acquired in Sweden and Abroad

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 523
Author(s):  
Marianne Lebbad ◽  
Jadwiga Winiecka-Krusnell ◽  
Christen Rune Stensvold ◽  
Jessica Beser
Keyword(s):  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Cryptosporidium Species ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
Glycoprotein Gene ◽  
High Diversity

The intestinal protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium is an important cause of diarrheal disease worldwide. The aim of this study was to expand the knowledge on the molecular epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis in Sweden to better understand transmission patterns and potential zoonotic sources. Cryptosporidium-positive fecal samples were collected between January 2013 and December 2014 from 12 regional clinical microbiology laboratories in Sweden. Species and subtype determination was achieved using small subunit ribosomal RNA and 60 kDa glycoprotein gene analysis. Samples were available for 398 patients, of whom 250 (63%) and 138 (35%) had acquired the infection in Sweden and abroad, respectively. Species identification was successful for 95% (379/398) of the samples, revealing 12 species/genotypes: Cryptosporidium parvum (n = 299), C. hominis (n = 49), C. meleagridis (n = 8), C. cuniculus (n = 5), Cryptosporidium chipmunk genotype I (n = 5), C. felis (n = 4), C. erinacei (n = 2), C. ubiquitum (n = 2), and one each of C. suis, C. viatorum, C. ditrichi, and Cryptosporidium horse genotype. One patient was co-infected with C. parvum and C. hominis. Subtyping was successful for all species/genotypes, except for C. ditrichi, and revealed large diversity, with 29 subtype families (including 4 novel ones: C. parvum IIr, IIs, IIt, and Cryptosporidium horse genotype VIc) and 81 different subtypes. The most common subtype families were IIa (n = 164) and IId (n = 118) for C. parvum and Ib (n = 26) and Ia (n = 12) for C. hominis. Infections caused by the zoonotic C. parvum subtype families IIa and IId dominated both in patients infected in Sweden and abroad, while most C. hominis cases were travel-related. Infections caused by non-hominis and non-parvum species were quite common (8%) and equally represented in cases infected in Sweden and abroad.

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