scholarly journals User Experiences of Prescription and Over-The-Counter Drug Abuse in Aden City, Yemen

Pharmacy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebtesam Abood ◽  
Jenny Scott ◽  
Mayyada Wazaify
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Khat Chewing ◽  
Problematic Drug ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Age Range

Khat chewing is commonplace in Yemen, but little else is known about the misuse of other drugs, especially how such misuse may intersect with Khat use. The aim of this study was to investigate misuse of prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs in community pharmacies in Aden city, from the users’ perspective. A qualitative in-depth-interview study was undertaken with fifteen known or suspected drug misusers, recruited through community pharmacies. Thematic analysis was used to identify the main emergent themes around experience of prescription and OTC drug misuse. The majority of interviewees were male (n = 11/15) with an age range of 21–40 years. Benzodiazepines, Tramadol, and Ketoprofen were the most commonly misused drugs. Four main themes were identified: Experience sought with drugs; awareness of problematic drug use; pattern and methods of misuse; and the role of healthcare professionals in responding to misuse. The study highlighted different issues, such as the practice of mixing different OTC and prescription drugs with Khat to heighten the effects or manage associated pain, and drug misuse by females and by health care professionals. The study also suggested that physicians and pharmacists fear counselling such people, probably with the risk of violence as a contributory factor.

scholarly journals RESEARCH ON SELF MEDICATION: A HYPE OR A HOPE? A LITERATURE REVIEW.

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Mythri Halappa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Recent Trend ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractMedications are one of the most important tools in public health practice. Since the 1980s, self‑medication is of prime public health importance as World Health Organization, in order to reduce the burden on health care professionals changed some prescription drugs to be sold over the counter. Each drug has its own advantages & disadvantages. Hence, always they have to be taken with caution. Considering this a recent trend has increased in surveying the prevalence of self medication. Hence, this review critically evaluated the studies to put a light on basic concept of self medication.Key words: Self medication, Drug abuse, Self care, Substance abuse, Antibiotic usage. 

scholarly journals What about “Pharming”? Issues Regarding the Misuse of Prescription and Over-the-Counter Drugs

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 736
Author(s):  
Stefania Chiappini ◽  
Fabrizio Schifano
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
New Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotics ◽  
Other Substances

Recently, a range of prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs have emerged as being used recreationally, either on their own or in combination with other substances, both licit and illicit, including new psychoactive substances (NPS). Among them, the misuse of prescription drugs involves not only traditionally recorded substances, such as benzodiazepines and opioid pain relievers, but also gabapentinoids (e.g., pregabalin and gabapentin); some antidepressants, e.g., bupropion and venlafaxine; some second-generation antipsychotics, e.g., quetiapine and olanzapine. Moreover, the use of some OTC for recreational purposes appears on the increase, especially in vulnerable categories such as young people/youths, including the use of high dosages of the antidiarrheal loperamide; first-generation antihistamines, e.g., promethazine, cyclizine, and diphenhydramine; cough and cold preparations containing dextromethorphan and/or codeine. In this context, the role of the Internet has rapidly increased, playing a significant role both in the diffusion of emerging trends of drug misuse among users and experimenters, and the marketing, sale, and distribution of drugs through online pharmacies. This phenomenon within the context of a rapidly modifying drug scenario is a globally recognized health problem, determining severe adverse consequences, including fatalities, and represents a challenge for clinicians in general, psychiatrists, public health, and drug-control policies.

scholarly journals Buprenorphine/naloxone addiction in a pharmacist as a result of migraine self-treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-130
Author(s):  
Merrill Norton ◽  
Ah Young Cho ◽  
Courtney Giebler ◽  
Taylor Smith ◽  
Kathryn Walton
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Hospital Pharmacist ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Migraine Headaches

Abstract Objective: A unique case report is presented to demonstrate addiction in a pharmacist through the use of buprenorphine/naloxone film for the self-prescribed treatment of migraine headaches. Case Summary: A 35-year-old female hospital pharmacist was admitted to treatment for opioid use disorder for using buprenorphine/naloxone film to self-medicate her migraine headaches. After daily use of sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone, and several failed attempts to discontinue use, the pharmacist was admitted to a partial hospitalization treatment program. She was prescribed sumatriptan subcutaneous injection for her migraines, while maintaining buprenorphine/naloxone abstinence. Upon completion, the pharmacist transitioned to the aftercare program, where she maintains sobriety and uses her story to help aid in other patients' recoveries at the treatment center. Discussion: Addiction and substance abuse affect a substantial number of health care professionals. Pharmacists are particularly vulnerable to prescription drug misuse and addiction as a result of their direct access and vast pharmacologic knowledge. In a 2004 self-report survey of a random sample of health care providers, 58.7% of pharmacists reported using nonprescribed prescription drugs at least once in their lifetime. This case is a story of rehabilitation and recovery of a pharmacist who has a desire to return to the practice of pharmacy through the use of effective pharmacologic and behavioral interventions.

Loss or Theft of Controlled Substances Declared to Health Canada From 2014 to 2018: A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 002204262110178
Author(s):  
Pierre-André Dubé ◽  
Tyler Morissette ◽  
Mélanie Tessier ◽  
Marc Parent ◽  
Pierre-Yves Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Oral Morphine ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Controlled Substances ◽  
Drug Identification ◽  
Controlled Drugs ◽  
Location Type ◽  
Health Canada

Theft of prescription drugs is nothing new for Canadian pharmacists. Recently, an increasing body of literature has covered the diversion of controlled substances from Canadian hospitals. However, little has been published in the scientific literature concerning the data collected by Health Canada’s Loss or Theft Report Program regulated under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act. Data from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2018, were obtained from Health Canada’s Office of Controlled Substances (OCS). Reports to the OCS are mostly provided by pharmacies and hospitals, by veterinarian, dental, and physician clinics, pharmaceutical distributors and producers, and federal establishments and organizations. Entries include information related to the date, province, and location type; type of loss or theft; and generic name of the product, its strength, dosage form, quantity, and drug identification number. During the studied period, 45,379 submissions to the OCS provided information to create 213,895 entries to the database. After exclusions, 212,317 reports were retained for analysis. Opioids count for 45% of reports, benzodiazepines for 29%, and psychostimulants for 21%. Approximately, 29 million individual doses were lost or stolen of which 7.7 million were opioids (26%), totalizing approximately 178 million oral morphine milligram equivalents with 95% having been lost or stolen in community pharmacies. Moreover, approximately four out of 10 individual doses lost in community pharmacies are unexplained losses, which represent about 4.6 million individual doses. Reporting lost or stolen controlled substances and precursors is essential to tracking the diversion of Canada’s prescription drugs. Pharmacists therefore have an important role to play when it comes to minimizing their potential diversion. A better understanding of the situation across Canada may help to increase health care professionals’ awareness, improve practices, enhance the quality of collected data, and prevent further losses and thefts.

Integrating Theories of Gender and Sexuality With Deviance: The Case of Prescription Drug Misuse during Sex

2021 ◽  
pp. 089124322110098
Author(s):  
Laura C. Frizzell ◽  
Mike Vuolo ◽  
Brian C. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Minority Stress ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Identity Conflict ◽  
Prescription Drug Misuse ◽  
Sexual Identities

Social scientists have expended substantial effort to identify group patterns of deviant behavior. Yet beyond the ill-conceived treatment of sexual minorities as inherently deviant, they have rarely considered how gendered sexual identities (GSIs) shape participation in deviance. We argue for the utility of centering theories of gender and sexuality in intersectional deviance research. We demonstrate how this intentional focus on gender and sexuality provides important empirical insights while avoiding past pitfalls of stigmatizing sexual minorities. Drawing on theories of hegemonic masculinity, emphasized femininity, and minority stress together with criminological general strain theory, we demonstrate how societal expectations and constraints generate strains among GSI groups that may lead to distinctly patterned deviance, using the case of prescription drug misuse during sex. We employ thematic analysis of 120 in-depth interviews with people who misuse prescription drugs, stratified by GSI. We identify six themes highlighting distinct pathways from strain to misuse during sex for different GSI groups: intimacy management, achieving sexual freedom, regulating sexual mood, performance confidence, increased sense of control, and managing sexual identity conflict. In this article, we demonstrate the empirical and theoretical importance of centering gender and sexuality in deviance research and provide a roadmap for theoretical integration.

Research on the Effects of Over-the-Counter Drug Advertising

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Kanter
Keyword(s):  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Pharmaceutical Advertising ◽  
Drug Usage ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Drug Advertising ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
Commercial Advertising ◽  
The Impact

Dr. Kanter presents a summary of his research assessing the role of OTC advertising in Influencing drug usage. His work represents the only systematic study of the impact of commercial advertising on drug usage. He stresses that advertising in itself does not directly lead to drug misuse but should be considered as part of a host of factors in the social environment and in the media environment that have significant influence in determining people's behavior. He also urged that the existing pharmaceutical advertising codes, which are often violated, be reviewed and strengthened.

scholarly journals Public perception of community pharmacists in South Africa: a preliminary study

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Bornman ◽  
Ilse Truter ◽  
Daniel JL Venter
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Preliminary Study

This survey forms part of a study undertaken to identify and quantify the community pharmacist’s involvement in the use of non-prescription/over-the-counter (OTC) medicine/self-medication in community pharmacies throughout South Africa. Opsomming Hierdie opname vorm deel van ‘n studie wat onderneem word om die gemeenskapsapteker se betrokkenheid in die gebruik van nie-voorskrif/oor-die-toonbank medikasie/ selfmedikasie in gemeenskapsapteke in Suid Afrika te identifiseer en te kwantifiseer. *Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.

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