scholarly journals RESEARCH ON SELF MEDICATION: A HYPE OR A HOPE? A LITERATURE REVIEW.

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Mythri Halappa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Recent Trend ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractMedications are one of the most important tools in public health practice. Since the 1980s, self‑medication is of prime public health importance as World Health Organization, in order to reduce the burden on health care professionals changed some prescription drugs to be sold over the counter. Each drug has its own advantages & disadvantages. Hence, always they have to be taken with caution. Considering this a recent trend has increased in surveying the prevalence of self medication. Hence, this review critically evaluated the studies to put a light on basic concept of self medication.Key words: Self medication, Drug abuse, Self care, Substance abuse, Antibiotic usage. 

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE, QUESTIONNAIRE BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON SELF MEDICATION PRACTICE AMONG MEDICAL AND PARAMEDICAL STUDENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Brand Names ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Health Organization

Background: According to World Health Organization (WHO), self medication is use of medicines to treat self recognized symptoms, or use of a prescribed medicine for chronic symptoms. It is associated with use of prescription drugs, alternative medicines and over the counter drugs (OTC). Methods: This was a prospective, observational, questionnaire based study where two groups of students were interviewed with a prevalidated questionnaire. The first group comprised of students from MBBS while the second group consisted of students of paramedical courses namely physiotherapy, operation theatre technicians and lab technicians. Results: A total of 200 students with an average age 19.62±0.65 years participated in the study. Among these students, 100 were medical students. All the students had practiced self medication however, only 51.00% agreed with the concept of self-medication. Considering the significant „p‟ value to be <0.05 there was a significant difference among the 2 groups with respect to awareness of generic and brand names of the drugs and importance of completing the course of treatment. 51.00% of medical and 29.00% paramedical students were aware about generic and brand names of drugs while knowledge about importance of completing course of treatment was present in 62% medical and 42% paramedical students. (p value<0.05). Also, there was no significant difference regarding the knowledge about the content, dose, duration of treatment and frequency of drug administration among the two groups. Conclusion: The present study shows a high prevalence of selfmedication among medical and paramedical students of the institution. The knowledge about self-medication was encouraging among the students of both the groups. Keywords: Self medication, student, knowledge

Tuberculosis surveillance and its discontents: the ethical paradox

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
R. Bayer ◽  
A. L. Fairchild ◽  
M. Zignol ◽  
K. G. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Surveillance ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Health Practice ◽  
Health Organization

In June 2017, the World Health Organization issued the Guidelines on Ethical Issues in Public Health Surveillance. Using the frame of public health ethics, the guidance declared that countries have an affirmative duty to undertake surveillance and that the global community had an obligation to support those countries whose resources limited their capacity. The centrality of TB surveillance has long been recognized as a matter of public health practice and ethics. Nevertheless, contemporary global realities make clear that TB surveillance falls far short of the goal of uniform notification. It is this reality that necessitated the paradoxical turn to research studies that require informed consent and human subjects' ethical review, the very burdens that mandated notification were designed to overcome.

Framing Public Health and Pharmacy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ardis Hanson ◽  
Bruce Lubotsky Levin ◽  
Peter D. Hurd
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Preventive Health Services ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Perspectives ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
International Perspectives ◽  
Public Health Systems Research ◽  
Integrated Delivery ◽  
Health Organization

This chapter incorporates a number of global perspectives of pharmacy and public health, including international perspectives (e.g., World Health Organization, macro-level), regional perspectives (e.g., European Union, meso-level), and national (e.g., country, micro-level) perspectives. This chapter provides a broader understanding of how issues in pharmacy and public health are framed and reframed as the field moves from a national understanding of pharmacy and public health to broader regional and global understandings. It also shows show there are significant commonalities and differences in the practice, education, and research in the disciplines and careers of pharmacy and public health. Topics covered include integrated delivery of health care, preventive health services, public–private sector partnerships, global health, public health engagement, public health surveillance, public health practice, and public health systems research.

WHO recommendation and India’s practice on tetanus vaccination—How much is too much?

2021 ◽  
pp. 004947552110108
Author(s):  
P Karpaga Priya ◽  
Pragyan P Parija ◽  
Anubhuti Kujur
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Tetanus Toxoid ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Health Organizations ◽  
The World ◽  
Tetanus Vaccination ◽  
Health Organization

Tetanus is one of the dreaded fatal diseases which is of public health importance. Reducing the morbidity and mortality due to tetanus, especially maternal and neonatal, is one of the major aims of health organizations around the world. Vaccination against tetanus is one of the most salient interventions. In order to ensure the unerring vaccination practices, the World Health Organization has been updating its position papers on all vaccines. To enable India to follow the appropriate vaccine policy, this article highlights the category and situation-based schedule of tetanus toxoid vaccination.

scholarly journals Estimated Change in Prevalence of Hypertension in Bangladesh According to Following JNC 7 and ACC/AHA 2017: Secondary Analysis From Nationally Representative Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Ashfikur Rahman ◽  
Henry Halder ◽  
Uday Narayan Yadav ◽  
Sabuj Kanti Mistry
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Joint National Committee ◽  
World Health ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Most studies followed either Joint National Committee 7 (JNC 7) or World Health Organization-International Society of Hypertension (WHO-ISH) guidelines to ascertain the prevalence of hypertension among Bangladeshi adults. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) revised the definition of hypertension in 2017, which has significant public health importance. Identifying the change in the new guideline has resulted in the prevalence and associated factors of hypertension compared to that of the JNC7 guideline in Bangladesh. This study used data from the most recent round (2017-18) of the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS). According to the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline, the participants were categorized as hypertensive if they had BP measurements greater than or equal to 130/80 mm Hg, which was greater than or equal to 140/90 mm Hg according to the JNC 7 guideline. A total of 11 959 weighted participants were included in the analysis. The median (IQR) age of the respondents was 34.0 (18.0-95.0) years. The prevalence of hypertension was 24.0% according to the JNC 7 guideline, which was 50.5% according to the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline. Participants who were overweight and obese, aged, member of affluent households, urban residents, and Rangpur division inhabitants had significantly higher odds of being hypertensive according to both guidelines. The new guideline suggests that half of the adult population in Bangladesh is hypertensive when measured according to the new guideline, urging the policymakers and public health practitioners to take immediate action to address the already established modifiable risk factors.

scholarly journals Prevalence of and factors associated with hypertension according to JNC 7 and ACC/AHA 2017 guidelines in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Ashfikur Rahman ◽  
Henry Ratul Halder ◽  
Uday Narayan Yadav ◽  
Sabuj Kanti Mistry
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Joint National Committee ◽  
World Health ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractMost studies either followed Joint National Committee 7 (JNC 7) or World Health Organization-International Society of Hypertension (WHO-ISH) guidelines to ascertain the prevalence of hypertension among Bangladeshi adults. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) revised the definition of hypertension in 2017, which has significant public health importance. In Bangladesh, the new guideline has resulted changes in prevalence and risk factors for hypertension compared to the JNC7 guideline. This study used data from the most recent round (2017–2018) of the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS). According to the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline, the participants were categorized as hypertensive if they had blood pressure (BP) ≥ 130/80 mmHg, but it was ≥ 140/90 mmHg in JNC 7 guideline. A total of 11,959 participants were involved in the analysis. The median (IQR) age of the respondents was 34.0 (18.0–95.0) years. The prevalence of hypertension was 24.0% according to the JNC 7 guideline, which was 50.5% according to the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline. Participants who were overweight and obese, aged, member of affluent households, Rangpur and Rajshahi division inhabitants had significantly higher odds of being hypertensive according to both guidelines. The new guideline suggests that half of the adult population in Bangladesh is hypertensive when measured according to the new guideline, urging the policymakers and public health practitioners to take immediate action to address the already established modifiable risk factors.

The public health importance of hookworm disease

Parasitology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 121 (S1) ◽  
pp. S39-S50 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.W.T. CROMPTON
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

The public health significance of hookworm disease is briefly reviewed. The latest evidence confirms that blood loss caused by the worms' feeding activity in the gut is a contributing factor in the development of poor iron status leading to iron-deficiency anaemia. The World Health Organization has identified adolescent girls and women of child-bearing age as high-risk groups regarding the impact of hookworm disease. The merits of treating pregnant women with anthelminthic drugs after the first trimester are discussed.

scholarly journals First global consultation on SARS, 16-17 May

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Horby
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Practice ◽  
The World ◽  
Video Link ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Effective Public Health ◽  
Epidemiological Information

The first global consultation on the epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) took place in Geneva on 16 and 17 May (http://www.who.int/csr/sars/archive/2003_05_17/en/). The purpose of the meeting was to ensure that the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations are based on the best available scientific evidence and to review the available epidemiological information in the context of its relevance to effective public health practice. Sixteen countries, including all those most affected by SARS, were represented either in person, by video link, or by telephone. A number of experts in the mathematical modelling of infectious diseases were also present.

scholarly journals Ubiquitous Usage of Over the Counter Medications in Pregnancy: Perspectives of Maternal Apprehensiveness

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Gudisa Bereda
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Incomplete Data ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health State ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization delineates self-medication as the utilization of medications by individuals in search of treating symptoms or self-diagnosed health state. During pregnancy, drug utilization is complicated because of incomplete data as clinical trials frequently don't enclose pregnant women, with reference to benefits and implicit undesirable outcomes on both the mother and the foetus. Bestowed limited data on the variety of over the counter medications applicable, physi­cians seek to counsel pregnant women about implicit pitfalls, and it is beneficial to give information on entire over the counter medications the patient is receiving at the preconception visit and entire distinctive ordinary visits. Antacid that containing sodium bicarbonate can cause fluid buildup in the tissues if used during pregnancy redundantly. Hypericum perforatum is ordinarily not recommended in preg­nancy because of a dearth of human data and it perhaps antecedent miscarriage and it also escalates the birth deformities of fetus. Early aspirinusage at the time of conception or in the 1st several weeks of pregnancy does not escalate the pitfall of spontaneous abortion.

Advocacy for patients with headache

2019 ◽  
pp. 339-346
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Steiner ◽  
Jes Olesen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Global Campaign ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Many ◽  
Health Organization

Despite irrefutable evidence of the high prevalence, burden, and cost of headache disorders, advocacy for headache—for more headache research and better headache care—has been largely in vain so far. Headache receives little respect and few resources. There are scientific, public health, and financial arguments for change, which are evidence-based and sound. They make compelling messages, which nonetheless have not yet reached the consciousness of health policymakers. Headache disorders are the least funded of all neurological disorders, while accounting for more disability than all other neurological disorders combined. This is a remediable failure. The worldwide programme of activities of the Global Campaign against Headache, and its collaboration with the Global Burden of Disease studies, are generating an unstoppable flow of evidence to support change. The World Health Organization has acknowledged the global public health importance of headache, and committed to advocacy on its behalf at macro level. A momentum is building. The arguments for change are, for now, unanswerable, but they have to be put to those who can make change happen, and repeated again and again. If they work with these organizations, the many national and supranational professional and lay groups will find previously closed doors are, at last, slowly opening.

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