scholarly journals A Narrative Review of Continuing Professional Development Needs for Pharmacists with Respect to Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Pharmacy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle J. Wilby ◽  
Alesha J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Continuing Professional Development ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
High Risk Populations ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is rapidly increasing in use worldwide, with many countries now publicly funding use for high risk populations. Pharmacists, as front-line care providers, must have the necessary knowledge, skills and attitudes to effectively provide care to PrEP patients. The aim of this review was to identify priority areas and key gaps for continuing professional development (CPD) needs relating to PrEP for practicing pharmacists. An electronic search of PubMed, EMBASE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts and CPD-related journals was supplemented with a manual search of references to identify articles describing pharmacists’ knowledge, perceptions and experience with PrEP. A total of eight articles were identified across four countries. Pharmacists were consistently found to lack knowledge and awareness of PrEP, express low confidence/comfort with patient care practices, report a lack of experience and/or intentions to provide patient care, but overall had positive perceptions of PrEP therapy. Older pharmacists with more experience commonly reported greater knowledge gaps than recently trained pharmacists. CPD should therefore aim to increase pharmacists’ baseline knowledge and awareness of PrEP and treatment guidelines, as well as be directed towards older pharmacists with more experience.

scholarly journals Barriers to tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus treatment guidelines adherence among nurses initiating and managing anti-retroviral therapy in KwaZulu-Natal and North West provinces

Curationis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lufuno Makhado ◽  
Mashudu Davhana-Maselesele ◽  
Jason E. Farley
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Resistance To Change ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
North West ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Guidelines Adherence

Background: Nurses, as front-line care providers in the South Africa’s health care system, are called upon to deliver integrated interventions for tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (TB and HIV) including nurse-initiated management of anti-retroviral therapy (NIMART) and anti-TB treatment. Adherence to treatment guidelines and factors associated with non-adherence to treatment guidelines among nurses remain under explored.Purpose: To explore and describe barriers to treatment guidelines adherence among nurses initiating and managing anti-retroviral therapy and anti-TB treatment in KwaZulu-Natal and North West provinces.Design: This study employed a qualitative exploratory descriptive design.Methods: Four semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted during 2014 each consisting of four to eight NIMART trained nurses. Audiotaped interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Atlas T.I. software.Findings: During data analysis, two themes emerged: (1) NIMART trained nurses’ distress about TB and HIV guidelines adherence that is inclusive of lack of agreement with guidelines, poor motivation to implement guidelines, poor clinical support and supervision, resistance to change, insufficient knowledge or lack of awareness and (2) exterior factors inhibiting nurses’ adherence to treatment guidelines which incorporated organisational factors, guidelines-related factors and patient-related factors.Conclusion: This qualitative study identified that nurses have substantial concerns over guideline adherence. If NIMART trained nurses’ barriers inhibiting adherence to treatment guidelines cannot be remedied, patient outcomes may suffer and South Africa will struggle to meet the 90-90-90 targets.

scholarly journals Prescribing of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Pre-exposure Prophylaxis by HIV Medical Providers in the United States, 2013–2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Weiser ◽  
Shikha Garg ◽  
Linda Beer ◽  
Jacek Skarbinski
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Persons Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Provider Characteristics ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Abstract Background Clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for reducing HIV acquisition. Understanding how HIV care providers are prescribing PrEP is necessary to ensure success of this prevention strategy. Methods During 2013–2014, we surveyed US HIV care providers who also provided care to HIV-negative patients. We estimated percentages who had prescribed PrEP and assessed associations between provider characteristics and PrEP prescribing. Results An estimated 26% (95% confidence interval [CI], 20–31) had ever prescribed PrEP. Of these, 74% (95% CI, 61–87) prescribed for men who have sex with men (MSM), 30% (95% CI, 21–39) for women who have sex with men, 23% (95% CI, 9–37) for men who have sex with women, 23% (95% CI, 15–30) for uninfected partners in HIV-discordant couples trying to conceive, and 1% (95% CI, 0–2) for persons who inject drugs. The following provider characteristics were significantly associated with having prescribed PrEP: male vs female (32% vs 16%; adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 1.5; 95% CI, 1.0–2.2), lesbian/gay/bisexual vs heterosexual orientation (50% vs 21%; aPR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3–2.9), and HIV caseload (>200, 51–200, and ≤50 patients, 39%, 29%, and 14%, respectively; >200 vs ≤50 patients, aPR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1–5.2, and 51–200 vs ≤50 patients, aPR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2–4.0). Conclusions In 2013–2014, one quarter of HIV care providers reported having prescribed PrEP, most commonly for MSM and rarely for persons who inject drugs. Lesbian/gay/bisexual providers and male providers were more likely than others to have prescribed PrEP. Additional efforts may enable more providers to prescribe PrEP to underserved clients needing the service.

scholarly journals PrEPping for a healthier future – a concise update of current pharmacological HIV-prophylaxis practices

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-78
Author(s):  
SF Steyn ◽  
DW Wolmarans ◽  
L Brand
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
High Risk Sexual Behaviour ◽  
High Risk Populations ◽  
Risk Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) refers to the use of antiretroviral drugs to prevent one from acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection when engaging in high-risk sexual behaviour. Adequate PrEP initiation is key in the clinical outcome and survival of not only vulnerable and high-risk populations, but also to ensure that a society which is free of HIV, is built.

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