scholarly journals Detection and Distribution of Viruses Infecting Garlic Crops in Australia

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1013
Author(s):  
Julia Cremer ◽  
Paul Campbell ◽  
Visnja Steele ◽  
Denis Persley ◽  
John Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Latent Virus ◽  
Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Leek Yellow Stripe Virus ◽  
Multiple Introductions ◽  
Virus Incidence ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yellow Stripe

The distribution of viruses in eastern Australian field garlic was evaluated. Detection assays were developed that involved generic RT-PCR for viruses in the Allexivirus, Carlavirus and Potyvirus genera followed by virus-specific colorimetric dot-blot hybridization. Assays targeted the potyviruses (onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV), shallot yellow stripe virus (SYSV), and leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV)), the carlaviruses (garlic common latent virus (GCLV) and shallot latent virus (SLV)), and the allexiviruses (garlic viruses A, B, C, X (GarVA, -B, -C, -X) and shallot virus X (ShVX)). Virus incidence in crops was consistently high, with most plants infected with at least one virus from each genus. OYDV, LYSV, SLV, and GCLV were commonly detected. Three of the four allexiviruses were in all districts surveyed but varied in incidence, whereas ShVX and SYSV were not detected. There was no association between virus species complement and bulb size, indicating size is not a good predictor of the virus status of planting material. The variation of virus incidence across different Australian growing districts and in different cultivars implies multiple introductions of viruses rather than spread within the country. The genetic diversity observed within coat protein sequences of some virus species also supports multiple separate introductions.

scholarly journals Distribution of viruses in the shallot germplasm collection of the Czech Republic – Short Communication

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateřina Smékalová ◽  
Helena Stavělíková ◽  
Karel Dušek
Keyword(s):  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Latent Virus ◽  
Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Leek Yellow Stripe Virus ◽  
Garlic Common Latent Virus ◽  
Shallot Latent Virus ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yellow Stripe ◽  
Das Elisa

The Czech collection of shallot (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum) genetic resources (122 accessions) was surveyed for the presence of four different viruses, i.e. Onion yellow dwarf virus, Leek yellow stripe virus, Garlic common latent virus (GCLV), and Shallot latent virus, by DAS-ELISA. The shallot seems to be resistant against GCLV because none of the tested plants was infested by this virus. Other three viruses were found with an incidence ranging from 53% to 93% for genotypes and 48% to 87% for plants. Most of the tested shallot genotypes were simultaneously infected with two or three viruses. These results were compared with neighbouring collection of garlic where all four viruses were found widespread with an incidence ranging from 65% to 83% for genotypes and 39% to 61% for plants.  

scholarly journals Garlic viral complex: identification of Potyviruses and Carlavirus in Central Brazil

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOR V. M. FAJARDO ◽  
MARTA NISHIJIMA ◽  
JOSÉ A. BUSO ◽  
ANTÔNIO C. TORRES ◽  
ANTÔNIO C. ÁVILA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Garlic Virus

Garlic viruses often occur in complex infections in nature. In this study, a garlic virus complex, collected in fields in Brazil, was purified. RT-PCR was performed using specific primers designed from the consensus regions of the coat protein genes of Onion yellow dwarf virus, a garlic strain (OYDV-G) and Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV). cDNA of Garlic common latent virus (GCLV) was synthesized using oligo-dT and random primers. By these procedures individual garlic virus genomes were isolated and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence analysis associated with serological data reveals the presence of two Potyvirus OYDV-G and LYSV, and GCLV, a Carlavirus, simultaneously infecting garlic plants. Deduced amino acid sequences of the Brazilian isolates were compared with related viruses reported in different geographical regions of the world. The analysis showed closed relations considering the Brazilian isolates of OYDV-G and GCLV, and large divergence considering LYSV isolate. The detection of these virus species was confirmed by specific reactions observed when coat protein genes of the Brazilian isolates were used as probes in dot-blot and Southern blot hybridization assays. In field natural viral re-infection of virus-free garlic was evaluated.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Garlic Germplasm for OYDV and LYSV Infection using Dot Blot ELISA

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 469C-469
Author(s):  
J. Michele Myers ◽  
Philipp W. Simon ◽  
M.E.N. Fonseca ◽  
Leonardo S. Boiteux
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Shoot Tip Culture ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Leek Yellow Stripe Virus ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yellow Stripe

Garlic is an asexually propagated crop in which the greatest yield losses are attributed to virus infection. Currently, virus-free garlic is produced through shoot tip culture, and there are no known naturally occurring resistant clones. This study evaluated garlic germplasm (propagated from typical bulbs, not shoot tips) for incidence of two viruses known to infect garlic (onion yellow dwarf virus, OYDV and leek yellow stripe virus, LYSV) using dot blot ELISA. Young leaf tissue was collected from 173 garlic clones. For 118 clones, plants grown in the field from typical bulbs only were evaluated. For 55 clones, plants grown in the greenhouse from both bulbs and topsets (bulbils) were evaluated. Topsets are small bulbs that are produced in the inflorescence of stalking garlic. Each clone was tested at least three times for incidence of both viruses. In field grown bulbs, we found that 70% were infected with OYDV and 85 % were infected with LYSV. In greenhouse grown samples, incidence of OYDV was generally higher in plants from topsets than those from bulbs while no differences were seen for LYSV. Three clones were negative for both viruses and might be a useful source of resistance that can be used in producing virus resistant lines.

scholarly journals Incidence of viruses in cloves and bulbils of garlic ecotypes in Croatia

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Sara Godena ◽  
Dean Ban ◽  
Gvozden Dumičić ◽  
Smiljana G. Ban
Keyword(s):  
Elisa Test ◽  
Latent Virus ◽  
Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Leek Yellow Stripe Virus ◽  
Total Incidence ◽  
Garlic Common Latent Virus ◽  
Shallot Latent Virus ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yellow Stripe ◽  
Das Elisa

In a survey on the sanitary status of garlic collection performed in 2016 at the Institute of Agriculture and Tourism in Poreč (Croatia), 24 ecotypes and cultivars were tested by DAS-ELISA test for the presence of four main garlic viruses: Garlic common latent virus (GCLV), Shallot latent virus (SLV), Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV) and Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV). The least frequent virus was SLV, whereas the most frequent was LYSV. In most ecotypes the infection of cloves was lower than infection of bulbils, while for SLV we found higher infection in cloves. Total virus infection of Istrian ecotypes was lower than infection of Dalmatian ones. Total incidence of viruses in Croatian garlic material ranged from 40.6% to 100.0%, depending on ecotype. In imported cultivar ‘Rose de Lautrec’ we found no infection with SLV. A high percentage of mixed infections in garlic cloves was also found and for double infections it ranged from 69% to 88%. Infection with all tested viruses was observed in 78% cloves. The most infected combination was double infections with potyviruses LYSV+OYDV. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of SLV infection in garlic in Croatia.

scholarly journals Effects of Onion Yellow Dwarf and Leek Yellow Stripe Viruses on Symptomatology and Yield Loss of Three French Garlic Cultivars

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 1381-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hervé Lot ◽  
Véronique Chovelon ◽  
Sylvie Souche ◽  
Brigitte Delecolle
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Leek Yellow Stripe Virus ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yellow Stripe ◽  
The Impact

This study was conducted to determine the effect of two potyviruses, onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) and leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV), on the symptoms, growth, and potential yield loss of garlic (Allium sativum). For 2 consecutive years, the impact on leaf length, pseudostem diameter, and bulb weight was evaluated after mechanical inoculation of cultivars Messidrome, Germidour, and Printanor, the three main garlic cultivars grown in France. The reduction in bulb weight due to OYDV ranged from 39% for Germidour to about 60% for the two other cultivars. For LYSV, the reduction in bulb weight was less on Messidrome (17%) and Germidour (26%) than on Printanor (54%). Coinfection with both viruses further reduced growth and bulb weight. When cloves originating from bulbs infected by each virus alone or a mixture of both viruses were planted, results indicated that such chronic infection induced further yield reduction. An assay designed to evaluate the role of LYSV inoculation date on yield revealed that yield losses were the lowest for late-season infections. However, yield loss was greater than 30% when the inoculation was performed at the end of April, the time when natural contamination generally occurs in southern France. A comparison of the impact of mixed infections of OYDV and LYSV from different origins suggested that the isolates did not differ significantly in their effects on yield loss.

scholarly journals Yield Loss in Garlic Caused by Leek yellow stripe virus Argentinean Isolate

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lunello ◽  
J. Di Rienzo ◽  
V. C. Conci
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Leek Yellow Stripe Virus ◽  
Virus Complex ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yellow Stripe ◽  
Garlic Virus ◽  
Plant Treatment

Garlic plants (Allium sativum) are naturally infected by a complex of viruses in the genera Potyvirus, Carlavirus, and Allexivirus. The yield of virus-free garlic plants (noninoculated control) was compared with that of plants infected with an Argentinean isolate of Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV; L treatment) and garlic plants infected with the virus complex (VC). Evaluations were conducted in the field and in anti-aphid cages during two crop cycles after planting three sizes of cloves (categories). The percent plant emergence in the noninoculated control and in the L treatments (between 80 and 100%) did not differ statistically, but the percent emergence for these two treatments was double that for the VC treatment (25 to 62%). Plant height and leaf number in the L treatment were lower than in the noninoculated control during the first evaluation (year 1), but they did not differ during the second evaluation (year 2). However, both treatments produced taller plants with more leaves than those of VC in both years. The L treatment decreased bulb weight up to 28% and perimeter up to 9% when compared with those in the noninoculated control maintained in the anti-aphid cages until the end of the experiment. However, differences between these treatments were higher in the field experiments where plants were exposed to infection by other viruses (up to 36% in bulb weight and 13% in perimeter). Bulbs of the VC-infected plant treatment were reduced up to 74% in weight and 37% in perimeter. In field evaluations, a high percentage of plants were infected with Onion yellow dwarf virus (58 to 100%), whereas fewer were infected with LYSV (15 to 68%). Garlic virus A infection was high in plants previously infected with LYSV (96 and 97%), but lower in the noninoculated control (12 and 68%). These results show the high impact of the virus complex on garlic yield and the effect of LYSV as a component of the garlic virus complex.

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