scholarly journals Water Use Efficiency in Popcorn (Zea mays L. var. everta): Which Physiological Traits Would Be Useful for Breeding?

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1450
Author(s):  
Jhean Torres Leite ◽  
Antonio Teixeira do Amaral Junior ◽  
Samuel Henrique Kamphorst ◽  
Valter Jário de Lima ◽  
Divino Rosa dos Santos Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Root Angle ◽  
Net Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Use Efficiency

To ensure genetic gains in popcorn breeding programs carried out under drought conditions knowledge about the response of morphophysiological traits of plants to water stress for the selection of key traits is required. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate popcorn inbred lines with agronomically efficient (P2 and P3) and inefficient (L61 and L63) water use and two hybrids (P2xL61 and P3xL63) derived from these contrasting parents, cultivated under two water regimes (WW watered—WW; and water-stressed—WS) in a greenhouse, replicated five times, where each experimental unit consisted of one plant in a PVC tube. Irrigation was applied until stage V6 and suspended thereafter. Individual and combined analyses of variance were performed and the genotypic correlations and relative heteroses estimated. The water use efficient inbred lines were superior in root length (RL), root dry weight (RDW), and net CO2 assimilation rate (A), which were the characteristics that differentiated the studied genotypes most clearly. High heterosis estimates were observed for RL, SDW, leaf width (LW), leaf midrib length (LL), and agronomic water use efficiency (AWUE). The existence of a synergistic association between root angle and length for the characteristics A, stomatal conductance (gs), and chlorophyll concentration (SPAD index) proved most important for the identification and phenotyping of superior genotypes. Based on the study of these characteristics, the higher AWUE of the previously selected inbred lines could be explained. The results reinforced the importance of root physiological and morphological traits to explain AWUE and the possibility of advances by exploiting heterosis, given the morphophysiological superiority of hybrids in relation to parents.

Effect of water stress on growth, water use efficiency and gas exchange as related to osmotic adjustment of two halophytes Atriplex spp.

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oumelkheir Belkheiri ◽  
Maurizio Mulas
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Use Efficiency

Atriplex halimus L. is known in the Mediterranean basin and along the coastal areas of Sardinia for its adaptability to salinity, although less information is available on the resistance of this species to water stress in absence of salinity. The effect of water stress on growth and water utilisation was investigated in two Atriplex species: A. halimus originating of south Sardinian island and the exotic species Atriplex nummularia Lindl., originating in Australia and widely used in land restoration of arid areas. Water stress was applied to young plants growing in 20 L pots with a sufficient water reserve to store a potentially sufficient water reserve to maintain substrate near to field capacity (30%) between irrigations. Watering was at 70% (control) or 40% (stress) of field capacity. In order to simulate the grazing by livestock, four plant biomass cuttings were conducted at times T0, T1, T2 and T3, corresponding to one cutting at the end of well watered phase (T0) before water stress induction, two cuttings after cycles of 5 weeks each during full summer (T1) and late summer (T2) and one cutting during autumn (T3). All plants remained alive until the end of treatment although growth was strongly reduced. Leaf dry weight (DW) and water use efficiency (WUE) were determined for all cuttings; relative water content (RWC), turgid weight : dry weight ratio (TW : DW), water potential (Ψw), osmotic potential (Ψs), CO2 assimilation, osmotic adjustment (OA), abscisic acid (ABA) and sugar accumulation were determined for the late summer cutting at T2. Water stress induced a decrease in DW, RWC, Ψw, Ψs, TW : DW and CO2 assimilation for both species, but an increase in WUE expressed in terms of dry matter production and a high accumulation of ABA and total sugars mainly for A. halimus. This suggests a more developed adaptive mechanism in this selection. Indeed, the clone was selected from the southern part of the island, where natural populations of saltbush are more exposed to abiotic stresses, mainly the water stress generated not by salinity. A. nummularia showed a greater OA and a positive net solute accumulation as than A. halimus, suggesting that water stress resistance in A. halimus is linked to a higher WUE rather than a greater osmotic adjustment.

Varietal differences in leaf water potential, leaf net CO2 assimilation, conductivity and water use efficiency in upland rice

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Dingkuhn ◽  
Datta SK De ◽  
K Dorffling ◽  
C Javellana ◽  
SKde Datta
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Leaf Rolling ◽  
Net Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Use Efficiency

Twenty-eight rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes of different origin and habitat were grown in upland culture during the dry season in the Philippines. Irrigation was supplied by overhead sprinklers at a level which kept the crop under continuous mild water stress. Leaf net CO2 assimilation, conductivity, intercellular CO2 concentration, water potential and leaf rolling status were determined on the same leaf of all varieties between 0900 and 1200 hours during the vegetative growth stage.Leaf water potential ranged from -0.8 and -1.3 MPa, with japonica types showing the highest values, AUS types from Bangladesh, the lowest, and indica types intermediate. Leaf conductivity and leaf rolling did not differ significantly among these groups. Most cultivars showed a logarithmic relationship between net CO2 assimilation and conductivity. AUS cultivars had the lowest rates of leaf CO2assimilation, but no differences were observed between japonica and indica varieties. At a given intcercellular CO2concentration, net CO2 assimilation was lowest in AUS varieties, resulting in low water use efficiency, and possibly indicating a higher CO2 compensation point for AUS than for other rice types.

Diurnal Time Course of Leaf Gas Exchange Rates and Related Characters in Drought-Acclimated and Irrigated Trifolium Subterraneum.

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Vadell ◽  
C Cabot ◽  
H Medrano
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Use Efficiency

The effects of drought acclimation on the diurnal time courses of photosynthesis and related characters were studied in Trifolium subterraneum L. leaves during two consecutive late spring days. Leaf CO2 assimilation rate and transpiration rate followed irradiance variations in irrigated plants. Under drought, a bimodal pattern of leaf CO2 assimilation rate developed although stomatal conductance remained uniform and low. Instantaneous water-use efficiency was much higher in droughted plants during the early morning and late evening, while during the middle of the day it was close to the value of irrigated plants. Net carbon gain in plants under drought reached 40% of the carbon gain in irrigated plants with a significant saving of water (80%). Average data derived from midday values of leaf CO2 assimilation rates and instantaneous water-use efficiency did not provide good estimates of the daily carbon gain and water-use efficiency for droughted leaves. Coupled with the morphological changes as a result of acclimation to progressive drought, modifications of diurnal patterns of leaf gas exchange rates effectively contribute to a sustained carbon gain during drought. These modifications significantly improve water-use efficiency, mainly by enabling the plant to take advantage of morning and evening hours with high air humidity.

scholarly journals The Effect of Night Temperature on Co2 Assimilation, Transpiration, and Water Use Efficiency in Agave Americana L

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 705 ◽  
Author(s):  
TF Neales
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Agave Americana ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Vapour Fluxes

The CO2 and water vapour fluxes arising from the tops of a plant of A. americana, growing in nutrient solution, were continuously measured at night temperatures of 15, 25, and 36�C, the day temperature being held constant at 25�C.

Responses of CO2 Assimilation, Transpiration and Water Use Efficiency to Long-Term Elevated CO2 in Perennial C3 Xeric Loess Steppe Species

1996 ◽  
Vol 148 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 356-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Tuba ◽  
Kálmán Szente ◽  
Zoltán Nagy ◽  
Zsolt Csintalan ◽  
Judit Koch
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Steppe Species ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Irrigation Regimens Differentially Affect Growth and Water Use Efficiency of Two Southwest Landscape Plants

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda B. Stabler ◽  
Chris A. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Feedback Effects ◽  
Landscape Plants ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Cercidium Floridum ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Ambient Co2

Abstract Growth and water use efficiency (WUE) of two, common Southwest landscape plants, red bird of paradise (Caesalpinia pulcherrima L.) and blue palo verde (Cercidium floridum Benth. Ex A. Gray), were studied in response to three irrigation regimens (frequent, moderate, and infrequent) that mimicked a range of residential landscape watering practices in Phoenix, AZ. During 50 to 58 and 138 to 147 days after the start of irrigation treatments (DAT), mid-day measurements of shoot water potential (Ψ), osmotic potential (Ψ0), and gas exchange were made. Concurrently, diurnal measurements of whole plant transpiration (T) and estimates of dry weight accrual were made to calculate WUE. More frequent irrigations increased shoot length of both species and dry weight of Cercidium. For both species, Ψ and Ψ0 showed patterns of osmotic regulation as the substrate dried between watering events for moderately and infrequently irrigated plants. Infrequently irrigated Caesalpinia and Cercidium had the lowest WUE, except for 138 to 147 DAT during which time infrequently irrigated Cercidium had the highest WUE. Instantaneous transpiration efficiency (ITE) was negatively correlated to the ratio of intracellular to ambient CO2 (Ci/Ca) in all treatments, suggesting that under more frequently irrigated conditions, WUE of Caesalpinia and Cercidium might be reduced by negative feedback effects of high Ci/Ca ratios on stomatal conductance.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Carbon Dioxide Supplementation with Irrigation and Fertilization Management of Geranium and Fountain Grass

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 1772-1780
Author(s):  
Hardeep Singh ◽  
Megha R. Poudel ◽  
Bruce Dunn ◽  
Charles Fontanier ◽  
Gopal Kakani
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Treatments ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Increase in ambient carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is beneficial for plant growth due to increased photosynthesis and water use efficiency. A greenhouse study was conducted to investigate how supplemented CO2 influences optimal irrigation and fertilization management for production of two ornamental plants. Two identical greenhouses were used, with one having CO2 supplementation and the other serving as the control with ambient CO2 concentration. Tensiometer-based irrigation treatments were applied at soil tensions of –5, –10, and –15 kPa with 0-, 3-, 6-, or 9-g controlled-release fertilizer rates applied in factorial with irrigation treatments. Plugs of geranium ‘Pinto Premium Rose Bicolor’ and fountain grass were grown under experimental conditions for 12 and 16 weeks, respectively. The results showed that CO2 supplementation increased the dry weight of geranium ‘Pinto Premium Rose Bicolor’ and fountain grass by 35% and 39%, respectively. Under the two driest irrigation regimes (–10 and –15 kPa), photosynthesis of geranium ‘Pinto Premium Rose Bicolor’ increased with CO2 supplementation compared with the ambient condition. Similarly, for fountain grass, the moderately watered (–10 kPa) treatment had a greater rate of photosynthesis with greater fertilizer rates of 6 or 9 g. CO2 supplementation resulted in increased water use efficiency of both species, whereas rate of transpiration was lower only in fountain grass. Among different fertilizer rates, 6- or 9-g fertilizer rates had greater values for dry weight, number of flowers, and stomatal conductance in both species. Therefore, it can be concluded that CO2 supplementation can help in efficient use of water for greenhouse production of ornamental plants.

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