scholarly journals Aphids Are Unable to Ingest Phloem Sap from the Peduncles of Lime Fruits

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1528
Author(s):  
Carolina Vázquez ◽  
Michele Carmo-Sousa ◽  
Joao Roberto Spotti Lopes ◽  
Alberto Fereres ◽  
Aranzazu Moreno
Keyword(s):  
European Community ◽  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Susceptible Plant ◽  
Phloem Sap ◽  
Real Risk ◽  
Important Pathway ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Probing Behaviour ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

Citrus exports to Europe are regulated enforcing that fruits shall be free from peduncles and leaves, as they represent an important pathway for the entrance of non-European (non-EU) Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) isolates into the European Community. Aphids, are the vectors of CTV and could potentially feed on peduncles of imported fruits and thus spread non-EU isolates of CTV across Europe. We studied the probing behaviour of the main vectors of CTV (Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus and Aphis gossypii) on lime leaves and peduncles to assess whether they could potentially transmit the virus. Aphids placed on peduncles rejected probing and feeding, tried to escape and spent most of their time on non-probing activities. Our work demonstrated that both A. citricidus and A. gossypii could not ingest sap from the phloem of lime peduncles, as phloem ingestion was never observed. This implies that aphids would not be able to acquire CTV from an infected fruit peduncle and transmit it to a susceptible plant. Our study supports that citrus exports with fruit peduncles to Europe may not be a real risk for the introduction of non-EU isolates of CTV to the European Community.

scholarly journals Aphid Transmission Alters the Genomic and Defective RNA Populations of Citrus tristeza virus Isolates

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Albiach-Martí ◽  
J. Guerri ◽  
A. Hermoso de Mendoza ◽  
F. Laigret ◽  
J. F. Ballester-Olmos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Aphid Transmission ◽  
Northern Blot Hybridization ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Defective Rnas ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Virus Isolates ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

A total of 14 Spanish isolates of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) and 1 isolate from Japan were transmitted by Aphis gossypii, and the subisolates obtained were compared with the source isolates for symptom expression and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) pattern. Of the 14 Spanish isolates, 9 showed altered dsRNA patterns after aphid transmission but only minor variations in the intensity of symptoms induced on Mexican lime. Northern blot hybridization with complementary DNA (cDNA) probes corresponding to both the 5′ and the 3′ termini of the CTV genomic RNA (gRNA) showed that the dsRNA bands that could be used to discriminate between the dsRNA pattern of the source and the aphid-transmitted isolates were the replicative forms of defective RNAs (D-RNAs). Conversely, the Japanese isolate and two subisolates obtained from it by aphid transmission had the same dsRNA pattern, but one of the subisolates induced milder symptoms in several hosts. Dot-blot hybridization with cDNA probes representing several regions of the gRNA showed that most of the aphid-transmitted isolates differed from the corresponding source isolate by their hybridization pattern. Our results indicate that aphid transmission often sorts the populations of gRNA variants and D-RNAs present in CTV isolates.

scholarly journals Incidence, Transmissibility, and Genotype Analysis of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) Isolates from CTV Eradicative and Noneradicative Districts in Central California

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 859-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Yokomi ◽  
R. L. DeBorde
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Cotton Aphid ◽  
Central California ◽  
Virus Incidence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Tulare County ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

Growers in 45% (44,100 ha) of the citrus acreage in California stopped eradicating Citrus tristeza virus (CTV)-infected trees from their fields in 1995-96. The impact of leaving infected trees on the rate of CTV spread was determined by comparing temporal incidence of CTV in plots in Strathmore, Tulare County without eradication with incidence in a plot in McFarland, Kern County with eradication. From 1997 to 2003, CTV incidence in the Strathmore plots ranged from 6 to 42%, with annual spread rates from 1.6 to 3.6%. CTV incidence in the McFarland plot increased from 0 to 5% between 2001 and 2003 before infected trees were removed. Using a subplot hierarchical bulk sampling method, virus incidence over a 3-year period in a 6.5 km2 area near McFarland was estimated to range from 0.09 to 0.69%, which indicated that CTV suppression was still being achieved in this area. Vector tests using the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, identified highly transmissible isolates (30 to 61% transmission rate) and a larger proportion of highly transmissible isolates were found in the McFarland plots. Thirty-six CTV isolates from recently infected plot trees were obtained and analyzed. None of these isolates reacted with monoclonal antibody MCA13 that detects presumptive CTV severe strains. Molecular analysis using polymerase chain reaction and sequence-specific primers showed that all isolates had a genotype identical to the T30 mild isolate from Florida.

First report of citrus tristeza virus in commercial citrus orchards in Tunisia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Najar ◽  
Imen Hamdi ◽  
Souad Mahmoud ◽  
Lassaad Medhioub ◽  
Imed Jaouadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
First Report ◽  
Citrus Orchards ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

A model for the spread and control of citrus tristeza virus disease

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-320
Author(s):  
Ruth Marcus ◽  
Hovav Talpaz ◽  
Moshe Bar-Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
And Control ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Citrus Tristeza
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