scholarly journals Novel Crosslinked Sulfonated PVA/PEO Doped with Phosphated Titanium Oxide Nanotubes as Effective Green Cation Exchange Membrane for Direct Borohydride Fuel Cells

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2050
Author(s):  
Marwa H. Gouda ◽  
Noha A. Elessawy ◽  
Arafat Toghan
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Exchange Membrane

A direct borohydride fuel cell (DBFC) is a type of low temperature fuel cell which requires efficient and low cost proton exchange membranes in order to commercialize it. Herein, a binary polymer blend was formulated from inexpensive and ecofriendly polymers, namely polyethylene oxide (PEO) and poly vinyl alcohol (PVA). Phosphated titanium oxide nanotube (PO4TiO2) was synthesized from a simple impregnation–calcination method and later embedded for the first time as a doping agent into this polymeric matrix with a percentage of 1–3 wt%. The membranes’ physicochemical properties such as oxidative stability and tensile strength were enhanced with increasing doping addition, while the borohydride permeability, water uptake, and swelling ratio of the membranes decreased with increasing PO4TiO2 weight percentage. However, the ionic conductivity and power density increased to 28 mS cm−1 and 72 mWcm−2 respectively for the membrane with 3 wt% of PO4TiO2 which achieved approximately 99% oxidative stability and 40.3 MPa tensile strength, better than Nafion117 (92% RW and 25 MPa). The fabricated membrane with the optimum properties (PVA/PEO/PO4TiO2-3) achieved higher selectivity than Nafion117 and could be efficient as a proton exchange membrane in the development of green and low cost DBFCs.

scholarly journals A Programmable Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Emulator Based on a DC-DC Synchronous Buck Converter

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Digital Signal Processor ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Buck Converter ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hardware Emulator ◽  
Exchange Membrane

In the development of fuel cell (FC) systems and related control technologies, it is convenient to employ FC emulators instead of using real FC systems for the testing of various FC characteristic parameters and operating conditions. This paper proposes a low-cost, fast-response, and programmable proton exchange membrane FC (PEMFC) hardware emulator based on a two-switch DC-DC synchronous buck converter and a digital signal processor (DSP) acting as a kernel controller. The V-I characteristics and control signals of the emulated PEMFC are determined through system analysis, modeling, and digitalization of the PEMFC model. The developed PEMFC model is then used to construct a programmable user-interface module through C programming. The programmable digital module can be directly embedded into the DSP for simulation studies and experimental tests on various hardware integrated implementations of FCs. Results obtained from simulations and hardware tests are in good consistent with each other and both prove the correctness and effectiveness of the developed converter based PEMFC emulator.

scholarly journals Preparation of tungstic acid functionalized titanium oxide nanotubes and its effect on proton exchange membrane fuel cell

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijayakumar Elumalai ◽  
Thirunavukarasu Deenadhayalan ◽  
A. Kathleen Asitha ◽  
David Joel Kirubhakaran ◽  
Dharmalingam Sangeetha
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Tungstic Acid ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Titanium Oxide Nanotubes ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/ N-Methylene Phosphonic Chitosan/ 2-Hydroxyethylammonium Formate (PVA/NMPC/2-HEAF) Membrane for Fuel Cell Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 317 ◽  
pp. 440-446
Author(s):  
Siti Aminah Mohd Noor ◽  
Lee Tian Khoon ◽  
Mohd Sukor Su'ait ◽  
Siow Yook Peng ◽  
Kee Shyuan Loh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The cost of conventional membrane, Nafion® used in the current proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is high. Thus different alternatives are being proposed as an option of Nafion® membrane in PEMFC application. In this study, poly(vinyl alcohol)/ N-methylene phosphonic chitosan/ 2-hydroxyethylammonium formate (PVA/NMPC/2-HEAF) proton exchange membrane was prepared using the solution casting technique. The effects of 2-HEAF concentrations (0 – 20 wt.%) on crosslinked and non-crosslinked PVA/NMPC/2-HEAF membrane were studied. The characterizations of PVA/NMPC/2-HEAF membrane were done by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), water uptake test, ion exchange capacity (IEC) analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The crosslinkages (-O-CH2-O-) formed using formaldehyde crosslinking agent were confirmed through the formation of new peak by –CH2- stretching at around 2863 cm-1 and the increased intensity of C-O stretching absorption. Crosslinked PVA/NMPC/5 wt.% 2-HEAF membrane showed the highest percentage of water uptake and IEC value. The EIS result agrees with the water uptake and IEC analysis where crosslinked PVA/NMPC/5 wt.% 2-HEAF showed the highest ionic conductivity of 5.44 × 10-5 S cm-1. This is due to the plasticization effect of 2-HEAF that softened the polymer chains and which it also provided more charge carriers to increase the ion mobility in the membrane.

Platinum–graphene hybrid nanostructure as anode and cathode electrocatalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (14) ◽  
pp. 4912-4918 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Divya ◽  
S. Ramaprabhu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Hybrid Nanostructure ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Graphene synthesized by an environmentally benign technique is applied as a low cost electrocatalyst support in proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

scholarly journals Triptycene copolymers as proton exchange membrane for fuel cell - A topical review

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-331
Author(s):  
H. H. Ling ◽  
N. Misdan ◽  
F. Mustafa ◽  
N. H. H. Hairom ◽  
S. H. Nasir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Clean Energy Source ◽  
Exchange Membrane

In view of the pressing need for alternative clean energy source to displace the current dependence on fossil fuel, proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology have received renewed research and development interest in the past decade. The electrolyte, which is the proton exchange membrane, is a critical component of the PEMFC and is specifically targeted for research efforts because of its high commercial cost that effectively hindered the widespread usage and competitiveness of the PEMFC technology. Much effort has been focused over the last five years towards the development of novel, durable, highly effective, commercially viable, and low-cost co-polymers as alternative for the expensive Nafion® proton exchange membrane, which is the current industry standard. Our primary review efforts will be directed upon the reported researches of alternative proton exchange membrane co-polymers which involved Triptycene derivatives. Triptycene derivatives, which contain three benzene rings in a three-dimensional non-compliant paddlewheel configuration, are attractive building blocks for the synthesis of proton exchange membranes because it increases the free volume in the polymer. The co-polymers considered in this review are based on hydrocarbon molecular structure, with Triptycene involved as a performance enhancer. Detailed herein are the development and current state of these co-polymers and their performance as alternative fuel cell electrolyte.

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