scholarly journals A “Wastes-Treat-Wastes” Technology: Role and Potential of Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts Assisted Pyrolysis of Discarded Car Tires

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2732
Author(s):  
Baishun Zhao ◽  
Chuansheng Wang ◽  
Huiguang Bian
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Spent Catalyst ◽  
Waste Tires ◽  
Waste Tire ◽  
Spent Catalysts ◽  
Fcc Catalysts ◽  
Cracking Catalysts

Spent fluid catalytic cracking catalysts (FCC catalysts) produced by the petrochemical industry are considered to be environmentally hazardous waste, and precious metals and heavy metals deposited on the surface make them difficult to treat. Even so, these catalysts retain some of their activity. The pyrolysis of waste tires is considered to be one of the most effective ways to solve the fossil fuel resource crisis, and this study attempts to catalyze the pyrolysis of waste tires using spent catalysts to increase the value of both types of waste. FCC catalysts reduced the activation energy (E) of waste tire pyrolysis. When the catalyst dosage was 30 wt.%, the E of tread rubber decreased from 238.87 kJ/mol to 181.24 kJ/mol, which was a 19.94% reduction. The E of the inner liner decreased from 288.03 kJ/mol to 209.12 kJ/mol, a 27.4% reduction. The spent catalyst was more effective in reducing the E and solid yield of the inner liner made of synthetic rubber. It should be emphasized that an appropriate increase in the heating rate can fully exert the selectivity of the catalyst. The catalyst could also be effectively used twice, and the optimum ratio of catalyst/waste tires was about 1/4.5. Compared with specially prepared catalysts, it is more cost-effective to use such wastes as a catalyst for waste tire pyrolysis.

scholarly journals Research on Hazardous Waste Removal Management: Identification of the Hazardous Characteristics of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Spent Catalysts

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2289
Author(s):  
Haihui Fu ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Tingting Liu ◽  
Xuemei Zhu ◽  
Yufei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Petroleum Refining ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Refining Industry ◽  
Spent Catalyst ◽  
Spent Catalysts ◽  
Petroleum Refining Industry

Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) spent catalysts are the most common catalysts produced by the petroleum refining industry in China. The National Hazardous Waste List (2016 edition) lists FCC spent catalysts as hazardous waste, but this listing is very controversial in the petroleum refining industry. This study collects samples of waste catalysts from seven domestic catalytic cracking units without antimony-based passivation agents and identifies their hazardous characteristics. FCC spent catalysts do not have the characteristics of flammability, corrosiveness, reactivity, or infectivity. Based on our analysis of the components and production process of the FCC spent catalysts, we focused on the hazardous characteristic of toxicity. Our results show that the leaching toxicity of the heavy metal pollutants nickel, copper, lead, and zinc in the FCC spent catalyst samples did not exceed the hazardous waste identification standards. Assuming that the standards for antimony and vanadium leachate are 100 times higher than that of the surface water and groundwater environmental quality standards, the leaching concentration of antimony and vanadium in the FCC spent catalyst of the G set of installations exceeds the standard, which may affect the environmental quality of surface water or groundwater. The quantities of toxic substances in all spent FCC catalysts, except those from G2, does not exceed the standard. The acute toxicity of FCC spent catalysts in all installations does not exceed the standard. Therefore, we exclude “waste catalysts from catalytic cracking units without antimony-based passivating agent passivation nickel agent” from the “National Hazardous Waste List.”

Diffusion in Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts on Various Displacement Scales and Its Role in Catalytic Performance

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 2466-2474 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kortunov ◽  
S. Vasenkov ◽  
J. Kärger ◽  
M. Fé Elía ◽  
M. Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Cracking Catalysts

Transformations of FCC catalysts and carbonaceous deposits during repeated reaction-regeneration cycles

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 6977-6992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qandeel Almas ◽  
Muhammad Awais Naeem ◽  
Maria Auxiliadora S. Baldanza ◽  
Jessica Solomon ◽  
Jeffery C. Kenvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Carbonaceous Deposits ◽  
Fcc Catalyst ◽  
P Transformations ◽  
Fcc Catalysts

Transformations of an industrial zeolite-based fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst and its coke deposits during regeneration following FCC reactions of a representative refinery stream are investigated.

scholarly journals Effect of Fines Content on Fluidity of FCC Catalysts for Stable Operation of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Kim ◽  
Chae Yeo ◽  
Do Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Minimum Fluidization Velocity ◽  
Fines Content ◽  
Fluidization Velocity ◽  
Fcc Catalysts

Effect of fines content (weight % of particles with diameter less than 45 μm) on bed fluidity was determined to get a base for good fluidization quality in the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit. The fines content in equilibrium FCC catalysts (Ecat) from commercial units were controlled by adding or removing the fines to simulate commercial situation. To get the fluidity values (Umb/Umf) of seven different FCC catalysts (2 Ecats and 5 fresh catalysts) and their mixture, minimum fluidization velocity (Umf) and minimum bubbling velocity (Umb) were measured in a fluidized bed reactor (0.05 m ID). The fluidity decreased with loss of fines content and increased with increments of makeup of fresh catalysts or additive with the controlled fines content. The fluidities of catalysts increase with increases of normalized particle diameter variation by the fines addition. The obtained fluidities have been correlated with the fines contents and the catalyst and gas properties. The proposed correlation could guide to keep good catalyst fluidity in the FCC unit.

A DNP-supported solid-state NMR study of carbon species in fluid catalytic cracking catalysts

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (28) ◽  
pp. 3933-3936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deni Mance ◽  
Johan van der Zwan ◽  
Marjolein E. Z. Velthoen ◽  
Florian Meirer ◽  
Bert M. Weckhuysen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Solid State Nmr ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Carbon Deposits ◽  
Carbon Species ◽  
Nmr Study ◽  
Nmr Techniques ◽  
Cracking Catalysts

Solid-state NMR techniques supported by EPR and SEM-EDX enable spatial speciation of carbon deposits in commercial fluid catalytic cracking catalysts.

Characterisation of Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts by Nuclear Microprobe Techniques

1998 ◽  
Vol 176 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Jacobs ◽  
G.C. Smith ◽  
R.D. Vis ◽  
A.F.H. Wielers
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Nuclear Microprobe ◽  
Cracking Catalysts
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