refining industry
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

322
(FIVE YEARS 51)

H-INDEX

21
(FIVE YEARS 2)

Mathematics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Jingsi Huang ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Xiangyu Wu

Many countries, including China, have implemented supporting policies to promote the commercialized application of green hydrogen and hydrogen fuel cells. In this study, a system dynamics (SD) model is proposed to study the evolution of hydrogen demand in China from the petroleum refining industry, the synthetic ammonia industry, and the vehicle market. In the model, the impact from the macro-environment, hydrogen fuel supply, and construction of hydrogen facilities is considered to combine in incentives for supporting policies. To further formulate the competitive relationship in the vehicle market, the Lotka–Volterra (LV) approach is adopted. The model is verified using published data from 2003 to 2017. The model is also used to forecast China’s hydrogen demand up to the year of 2030 under three different scenarios. Finally, some forward-looking guidance is provided to policy makers according to the forecasting results.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Ihor Karpenko

This article regards the problem of defining the women’s status in the sugar-refining industry of the Russia Empire post-reform period. Based on the cases of sugar factories of Kyiv province during the 1880s–1905s, the author illustrates a complicated process of determining the role and the place of female laborers in the professional structure of industrial institutions which relate to this type of industry. Due to the fact that women had been recruited to unqualified parts of the working class (in the majority of cases), they remained at the bottom of the hierarchy of industrial labor. In contrast to men-laborers, who were distributed by the qualification parameter and professional skill (qualified/unqualified labor force), women-laborers were distributed by the gender parameter. Based on the archival materials of the factory inspection funds and in-factory documentation, it was found that working women were most often identified into the category “women” (“zhenschina”), less often as “part-time workers” (“polurabochaya”), and even less often as “workers” (“rabochaya”). It is possible to say that such division differed significantly from the distribution among the male part of the working class (“rabochiy/polurabo- chiy”). After all, a woman working in an industrial space was generally perceived not as a full-fledged unit of labor but as a supplement to qualified male labor. However, the model proposed by the author of this study: “woman” – “semi-worker” – “worker”, opened a different angle, according to which a woman’s professional position was not clearly fixed and could de facto change, regardless of the type of the performed work (qualified or unqualified). As a result, all these sources and evidence allow us to state that the period of industrialization and modernization provided for women (though not significant) a space for opportunities to realize their own work.


Upravlenie ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
M. M. Gayfullina ◽  
G. Z. Nizamova

The article presents the results of the analysis of the investment attractiveness of the petroleum refining industry using correlation and regression methods. It has been suggested to evaluate the level of investment attractiveness of the petroleum refining industry through capital productivity. A system of indicators affecting the investment attractiveness of the petroleum refining has been formed in the context of resource and production, financial, economic and social groups of factors. This methodology of correlation and regression analysis for modeling factors affecting investment attractiveness has been presented. The methodology includes the construction of a pair correlation, the selection of factors, the construction of a generalised correlation matrix using the “Correlation” tool in the “Data Analysis” package Microsoft Excel, the regression analysis based on the finally selected factors, the construction of the regression equation, the justification of the obtained dependence using the “Regression” tool in the “Data Analysis” package MS Excel.According to the results of calculations for the type of economic activity “Production of coke and petroleum products” in the Russian Federation in dynamics for 2012 –2019, a strong correlation has been revealed between the output-capital ratio and such factors as the oil refining depth, profit from sales and labor productivity.The results of the study can be used to identify significant factors affecting the investment attractiveness of the petroleum refining industry in order to further optimise them.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (69) ◽  
pp. 131-163
Author(s):  
دانية اياد محمد جاسم ◽  
أ. د . فلاح خلف علي الربيعي

Global developments in the oil refining industry are related to the ability of the producing countries to raise the level of operational performance of the refineries by increasing the filtering capacities, raising the percentage of hydrogen treatment process capacity and raising the ratio of operations to improve the octane number to the distillation capacity, to diversify production with a variety of goods with high added value, and reach the level Productivity, which meets global environmental standards and enhances its competitiveness in global markets. Achieving this goal collides with a number of environmental, economic and technological difficulties and constraints. In order to discuss these topics, the research was divided into six axes, the first focused on introducing the oil industry and petroleum products. As for the second axis, it dealt with the importance of the oil refining industry, and the third dealt with developments in the oil refining industry in the world, the fourth discussed the operational performance of oil refineries in the world, the fifth reviewed the experience of Saudi Arabia, and the sixth discussed briefly the Chinese experience in the field of the refining industry. The study reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is that there is a geographical shift in the global oil refining industry in favor of the Asia-Pacific region, and that the total filtering capacity will increase by about 7.8 million b / d during the period 2018-2023, and most of this increase will come from the Asia-Pacific and the Middle East regions, Especially in countries that produce points such as Saudi Arabia, the UAE and Iran, The research recommended the necessity of dealing with the refining industry as a strategic industry, by adopting strategies aimed at producing and exporting high-quality petroleum products that are compatible with international standards.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Erich Muehlegger ◽  
Richard L. Sweeney

Abstract In imperfectly competitive settings, a firm's price depends on its own costs as well as those of its competitors. We demonstrate that this has important implications for the estimation and interpretation of pass-through. Leveraging a large input cost shock resulting from the fracking boom, we isolate price responses to firm-specific, regional and industry-wide input cost shocks in the US oil refining industry. The pass-through of these components vary from near zero to full pass-through, reconciling seemingly disparate results from the literature. We illustrate the policy implications of rival cost pass-through in the context of a tax on refinery carbon emissions.


Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2289
Author(s):  
Haihui Fu ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Tingting Liu ◽  
Xuemei Zhu ◽  
Yufei Yang ◽  
...  

Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) spent catalysts are the most common catalysts produced by the petroleum refining industry in China. The National Hazardous Waste List (2016 edition) lists FCC spent catalysts as hazardous waste, but this listing is very controversial in the petroleum refining industry. This study collects samples of waste catalysts from seven domestic catalytic cracking units without antimony-based passivation agents and identifies their hazardous characteristics. FCC spent catalysts do not have the characteristics of flammability, corrosiveness, reactivity, or infectivity. Based on our analysis of the components and production process of the FCC spent catalysts, we focused on the hazardous characteristic of toxicity. Our results show that the leaching toxicity of the heavy metal pollutants nickel, copper, lead, and zinc in the FCC spent catalyst samples did not exceed the hazardous waste identification standards. Assuming that the standards for antimony and vanadium leachate are 100 times higher than that of the surface water and groundwater environmental quality standards, the leaching concentration of antimony and vanadium in the FCC spent catalyst of the G set of installations exceeds the standard, which may affect the environmental quality of surface water or groundwater. The quantities of toxic substances in all spent FCC catalysts, except those from G2, does not exceed the standard. The acute toxicity of FCC spent catalysts in all installations does not exceed the standard. Therefore, we exclude “waste catalysts from catalytic cracking units without antimony-based passivating agent passivation nickel agent” from the “National Hazardous Waste List.”


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  

The petroleum refining industry plays a significant role in the national economic activities of Bangladesh. Though, potential environmental hazards related to petroleum and petrochemical factories have caused increased concern for peoples near them. This apprises provides a general impression of the processes involved and some possible environmental contamination associated with petroleum industries. Petroleum refineries separate crude oils into different petroleum materials through a sequence of physical and chemical separation methods. The refining industry provided numerous widely used products as well as gasoline, diesel, kerosene, motor oil, asphalt, waxes, and petroleum gel. But refineries are usually considered a key source of contaminants in areas where they are located and contaminate the air, soil, water system. Pollutant releases from the petroleum refineries occur in every stage of the oil-producing procedure from the extraction to the consumption chain. Now a day, due to vast environmental contamination it is crucially needed to find out of alternative cleaner energy sources rather than liquid petroleum. Bangladesh, a highly populated country and have no sufficient ability to tackle any natural and anthropogenic pollution. So, the environmental impact of petroleum refinery emission in Bangladesh is a serious concern to the government and environmentalists.


The presence of arsenic in as many as 245 minerals makes it an indispensable waste in the metal refining industry. Hydraulic fracturing, underground drilling, pesticides, herbicides, electronic industries are also linked to arsenic contamination. Natural processes such as volcanic emissions, hydrothermal ores, and river flow through arsenic rich sediments also contribute to arsenic contaminated water. The consumption of arsenic contaminated water leads to various types of cancer such as dermatological, respiratory, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, hepatic, neurological, renal, and mutagenesis. Thus, remediation and testing of arsenic contaminated water becomes ubiquitous. Arsenic removal methods include precipitation, filtration, membrane technology and bioremediation. Quantitative arsenic analysis includes several colorimetric, luminescence, spectroscopic, atomic absorption, mass spectrometric and biosensor-based techniques. In this chapter, we present an overview of the various sources linked with arsenic contaminated water followed by a discussion on the available treatment and monitoring technologies for waterborne arsenic.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document