scholarly journals Analysis of Microplastics Released from Plain Woven Classified by Yarn Types during Washing and Drying

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2988
Author(s):  
Sola Choi ◽  
Miyeon Kwon ◽  
Myung-Ja Park ◽  
Juhea Kim
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Minimum Length ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Strict Control ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
Different Types

Microplastics reach the aquatic environment through wastewater. Larger debris is removed in sewage treatment plants, but filters are not explicitly designed to retain sewage sludge’s microplastic or terrestrial soils. Therefore, the effective quantification of filtration system to mitigate microplastics is needed. To mitigate microplastics, various devices have been designed, and the removal efficiency of devices was compared. However, this study focused on identifying different fabrics that shed fewer microplastics. Therefore, in this study, fabric-specific analyses of microplastics of three different fabrics during washing and drying processes were studied. Also, the change in the generation of microplastics for each washing process of standard washing was investigated. The amount of microplastics released according to the washing process was analyzed, and the collected microplastics’ weight, length, and diameter were measured and recorded. According to the different types of yarn, the amount of microplastic fibers produced during washing and drying varied. As the washing processes proceed, the amount of microplastics gradually decreased. The minimum length (>40 µm) of micro-plastics generated were in plain-woven fabric. These results will be helpful to mitigate microplastics in the production of textiles and in selecting built-in filters, and focusing on the strict control of other parameters will be useful for the development of textile-based filters, such as washing bags.

Occurrence and elimination of antibiotics at four sewage treatment plants in Japan and their effects on bacterial ammonia oxidation

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopal Chandra Ghosh ◽  
Takashi Okuda ◽  
Naoyuki Yamashita ◽  
Hiroaki Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Oxygen Uptake Rate ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Mixed Condition ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants

The occurrence and elimination of seventeen antibiotics (three macrolides: azithromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin; five quinolones: ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, levofloxacin, nalidixic acid and norfloxacin; five sulfonamides: sulfadimethoxine, sulfadimizine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethoxazole and sulfamonomethoxine; and others: tetracycline, lincomycin, salinomycin and trimethoprim) were investigated at four full-scale sewage treatment plants in Japan. The highest concentration was recorded for clarithromycin (1,129 to 4,820 ng/L) in influent, followed by azithromycin (160 to 1,347 ng/L), levofloxacin (255 to 587 ng/L) and norfloxacin (155 to 486 ng/L). A vary inconsistence picture was obtained with negative to over 90% removal. Nalidixic acid (53 to100%) exhibited higher removal efficiency followed by norfloxacin (75 to 95%), levofloxacin (40 to 90%), ciprofloxacin (60 to 83%) and enrofloxacin (38 to 74%). Among macrolides, clarithromycin (50 to 88%) and azithromycin (34 to 86%) showed relatively higher removal efficiency than roxithromycin (−32 to 59%). For most of the antibiotics removal efficiency was higher in A2O and AO based secondary treatment process than CAS process. The effect of the antibiotics on bacterial ammonia oxidation determined by oxygen uptake rate presented that there was no significant effect below 0.05 mg/L of each antibiotics. Even at the same concentration, antibiotics in mixed condition had higher inhibition effects than individuals.

scholarly journals Evaluation of metal removal efficiency and its influence in the physicochemical parameters at two sewage treatment plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 190 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo R. F. Pipi ◽  
Aroldo G. Magdalena ◽  
Giselda P. Giafferis ◽  
Gustavo H. R. da Silva ◽  
Marina Piacenti-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants

scholarly journals Antibiotics in two municipal sewage treatment plants in Sri Lanka: Occurrence, consumption and removal efficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 272-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilanka N.D. Samaraweera ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Guangcai Zhong ◽  
Tilak Priyadarshana ◽  
Riffat Naseem Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants

Profiles and removal efficiency of polybrominated diphenyl ethers by two different types of sewage treatment work in Hong Kong

2015 ◽  
Vol 505 ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Bon Man ◽  
Ka Lai Chow ◽  
Ming Man ◽  
James Chung Wah Lam ◽  
Frankie Tat Kwong Lau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Different Types

scholarly journals Distribution and Removal of Pharmaceuticals in Liquid and Solid Phases in the Unit Processes of Sewage Treatment Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junwon Park ◽  
Changsoo Kim ◽  
Youngmin Hong ◽  
Wonseok Lee ◽  
Hyenmi Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Mass Load ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

In this study, we analyzed 27 pharmaceuticals in liquid and solid phase samples collected from the unit processes of four different sewage treatment plants (STPs) to evaluate their distribution and behavior of the pharmaceuticals. The examination of the relative distributions of various categories of pharmaceuticals in the influent showed that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were the most dominant. While the relative distribution of antibiotics in the influent was not high (i.e., 3%–5%), it increased to 14%–30% in the effluent. In the four STPs, the mass load of the target pharmaceuticals was reduced by 88%–95% mainly in the biological treatment process, whereas the ratio of pharmaceuticals in waste sludge to those in the influent (w/w) was only 2%. In all the STPs, the removal efficiencies for the stimulant caffeine, NSAIDs (acetaminophen, naproxen, and acetylsalicylic acid), and the antibiotic cefradine were high; they were removed mainly by biological processes. Certain compounds, such as the NSAID ketoprofen, contrast agent iopromide, lipid regulator gemfibrozil, and antibiotic sulfamethoxazole, showed varying removal efficiencies depending on the contribution of biodegradation and sludge sorption. In addition, a quantitative meta-analysis was performed to compare the pharmaceutical removal efficiencies of the biological treatment processes in the four STPs, which were a membrane bioreactor (MBR) process, sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process, anaerobic–anoxic–oxic (A2O) process, and moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) process. Among the biological processes, the removal efficiency was in the order of MBR > SBR > A2O > MBBR. Among the tertiary treatment processes investigated, powdered activated carbon showed the highest removal efficiency of 18%–63% for gemfibrozil, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, atenolol, cimetidine, and trimethoprim.

Emission of primary microplastics in mainland China: Invisible but not Negligible

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teng Wang ◽  
Baojie Li ◽  
Xinqing Zou
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Synthetic Fiber ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Ocean Science

<p><strong>Emission of primary microplastics in mainland China: Invisible but not Negligible</strong></p><p> </p><p>Teng Wang <sup>1,3</sup>, Baojie Li <sup>2,3*</sup> , Xinqing Zou<sup>3*</sup></p><p><sup>1</sup> College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098</p><p><sup>2</sup> School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044</p><p><sup>3 </sup>School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023</p><p>  </p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong></p><p>Primary microplastics are mostly produced as part of the daily plastic product use. The emission process is often invisible but poses potential ecological hazards. Thus, primary microplastics deserve public attention. Due to China's huge population base and its rapid economic development, primary microplastics emissions are of both regional and global significance. This study is the first to establish the emission inventory of primary microplastics in mainland China. It was estimated that the primary microplastic waste from mainland China amounts to 737.29 Gg, and one-sixth of this amount entered the aquatic environment in 2015. The highest proportion of this waste was attributable to tire dust and synthetic fiber, accounting for 53.91% and 28.77% of the total respectively, in mainland China. The primary microplastics emissions mainly depend on the population, followed by the level of economic development. It was roughly estimated that 538 g of microplastics is produced by each person in China. At the grid scale, the spatial difference in the total primary microplastics emissions in mainland China primarily depends on the population density distribution and transportation network. We studied the entire life cycle of several sources of microplastics, from production to discharge into the aquatic environment. We suggested different control measures under different nodes. Increasing microplastics treatment in sewage treatment plants should be a short-term viable way to achieve some measure of reduction in their entry to the environment in mainland China. Our research can not only raise public awareness about primary microplastics, but can also guide the development of environmental policies to reduce plastic pollution.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Primary microplastics; Emission inventory; Mainland China; Sewage treatment plants</p>

scholarly journals Characteristics of Organic Matters in Influents and Effluents of Sewage Treatment Plants in Gyeongsanbuk-do

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 367-376
Author(s):  
Gi-Chang Lee ◽  
Yeong-Jin Park ◽  
Kwi-Hwa Kang ◽  
Mi-Ok Jung ◽  
Dong-Hyun Ryu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Fluorescence Excitation ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Organic Matters ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Toc Removal

Objectives : This study aimed to provide scientific information on the characteristics of organic matters in influents and effluents of sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Gyeongbuk province, Korea, for better performance of treatment processes in the plants.Methods : We selected six STPs with each capacity over 30,000 mZ3/day in Gyeongbuk province, and analyzed water quality data in influents and effluents of the plants from 2013 to 2020. Also, the removal efficiencies of pollutants were assessed with the operational data. In 2020, characteristics and origins of dissolved organic matters (DOM) in influents and effluents were investigated using the fluorescence excitation emission matrix (FEEM) analysis.Results and Discussion : The average BOD5/CODMn ratios of influents and effluents from the STPs were 1.60 and 0.27, respectively. High variability in BOD5/CODMn ratios was observed for both influents and effluents. The CODMn/TOC ratios of the influents and effluents were the same with an average of 1.6. Although the biological treatment process was different for each STP, the organic matter removal efficiency was similar, and the TOC removal efficiency was 86.5~91.7%. The representative spectra of DOM identified through FEEM analysis was peak C (humic-acid like substance) region, and under the same carbon concentration (2 mg-C/L) the fluorescence intensity of effluents was stronger than influents possibly due to the influence of soluble microbial products (SMP). It was found that DOM of both influent and effluent originated from microorganisms, and the difference in water quality of DOM was statistically significant.Conclusions : The characteristics and fate of organic matters in influents and effluents of the six STPs were similar regardless of plant location. The results of this study can be used as basic information to efficiently control organic matters in the STPs.

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