scholarly journals How Do Operational and Design Parameters Effect Biomass Productivity in a Flat-Panel Photo-Bioreactor? A Computational Analysis

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1387
Author(s):  
Varun Loomba ◽  
Eric von Lieres ◽  
Gregor Huber
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Incident Light Intensity ◽  
Flat Panel ◽  
Air Inlet

Optimal production of microalgae in photo-bioreactors (PBRs) largely depends on the amount of light intensity received by individual algal cells, which is affected by several operational and design factors. A key question is: which process parameters have the highest potential for the optimization of biomass productivity? This can be analyzed by simulating the complex interplay of PBR design, hydrodynamics, dynamic light exposure, and growth of algal cells. A workflow was established comprising the simulation of hydrodynamics in a flat-panel PBR using computational fluid dynamics, calculation of light irradiation inside the PBR, tracing the light exposure of individual cells over time, and calculation the algal growth and biomass productivity based on this light exposure. Different PBR designs leading to different flow profiles were compared, and operational parameters such as air inlet flowrate, microalgal concentration, and incident light intensity were varied to investigate their effect on PBR productivity. The design of internal structures and lighting had a significant effect on biomass productivity, whereas air inlet flowrate had a minimal effect. Microalgal concentration and incident light intensity controlled the amount of light intensity inside the PBR, thereby significantly affecting the overall productivity. For detailed quantitative insight into these dependencies, better parameterization of algal growth models is required.

scholarly journals All organic multiferroic magnetoelectric complexes with strong interfacial spin-dipole interaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuying Yang ◽  
Zhiyan Chen ◽  
Xiangqian Lu ◽  
Xiaotao Hao ◽  
Wei Qin
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Dipole Interaction ◽  
Interfacial Interaction ◽  
Magnetoelectric Coupling ◽  
Incident Light Intensity ◽  
Organic Ferromagnets ◽  
Magnetoelectric Coefficient

AbstractThe organic magnetoelectric complexes are beneficial for the development on flexible magnetoelectric devices in the future. In this work, we fabricated all organic multiferroic ferromagnetic/ferroelectric complexes to study magnetoelectric coupling at room temperature. Under the stimulus of external magnetic field, the localization of charge inside organic ferromagnets will be enhanced to affect spin–dipole interaction at organic multiferroic interfaces, where overall ferroelectric polarization is tuned to present an organic magnetoelectric coupling. Moreover, the magnetoelectric coupling of the organic ferromagnetic/ferroelectric complex is tightly dependent on incident light intensity. Decreasing light intensity, the dominated interfacial interaction will switch from spin–dipole to dipole–dipole interaction, which leads to the magnetoelectric coefficient changing from positive to negative in organic multiferroic magnetoelectric complexes.

A renewable photocatalytic system with dramatic photocatalytic activity for H2 evolution and constant light energy utilization: Eosin Y sensitized ZnWO4 nanoplates loaded with CuO nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoluo Bao ◽  
Xiaokun Wang ◽  
Xiangqing Li ◽  
Lixia Qin ◽  
Taiyang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Cuo Nanoparticles ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Eosin Y ◽  
H2 Evolution ◽  
Incident Light Intensity ◽  
Photocatalytic System

It is necessary for the commercialization of sunlight-driven H2 evolution to develop an efficient photocatalytic system whose energy utilization is independent on incident light intensity. Unfortunately, limited attention has been...

scholarly journals Temperature and Light-Quality-Dependent Regulation of Freezing Tolerance in Barley

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ahres ◽  
Krisztián Gierczik ◽  
Ákos Boldizsár ◽  
Pavel Vítámvás ◽  
Gábor Galiba
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Incident Light Intensity ◽  
Binding Factor ◽  
R:Fr Ratio

It is established that, besides the cold, incident light also has a crucial role in the cold acclimation process. To elucidate the interaction between these two external hardening factors, barley plantlets were grown under different light conditions with low, normal, and high light intensities at 5 and 15 °C. The expression of the HvCBF14 gene and two well-characterized members of the C-repeat binding factor (CBF)-regulon HvCOR14b and HvDHN5 were studied. In general, the expression level of the studied genes was several fold higher at 5 °C than that at 15 °C independently of the applied light intensity or the spectra. The complementary far-red (FR) illumination induced the expression of HvCBF14 and also its target gene HvCOR14b at both temperatures. However, this supplementation did not affect significantly the expression of HvDHN5. To test the physiological effects of these changes in environmental conditions, freezing tests were also performed. In all the cases, we found that the reduced R:FR ratio increased the frost tolerance of barley at every incident light intensity. These results show that the combined effects of cold, light intensity, and the modification of the R:FR light ratio can greatly influence the gene expression pattern of the plants, which can result in increased plant frost tolerance.

A multitrap model for high-intensity reciprocity failure in the photographic grain

1984 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 464-478
Author(s):  
William J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Interval Duration ◽  
Incident Light Intensity ◽  
Deterministic Process ◽  
Reciprocity Law ◽  
Reciprocity Failure

The response of the photographic grain to light is a non-deterministic process which is as yet not completely understood. This response, as measured by the photographic density, is usually taken to be a function of the product of incident light intensity and exposure time interval duration, but at extreme values of either of these two quantities, this is no longer true. This latter effect is called reciprocity-law failure. This paper discusses a probabilistic model, similar to a multiserver queue, for high-intensity reciprocity failure.

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