scholarly journals A Study on Welding Deformation in Fiber Laser Welding of 9% Nickel Steel through Finite Element Analysis Part I: Implementation of Welding Heat Source Model

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2188
Author(s):  
Changmin Pyo ◽  
Jaewoong Kim ◽  
Du-Song Kim
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Laser Welding ◽  
Fiber Laser ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Heat Transfer Analysis ◽  
Welding Deformation ◽  
Nickel Steel ◽  
Fiber Laser Welding ◽  
Heat Source Model

Due to various environmental regulations, the demand for natural gas, i.e., a clean energy, is expected to increase continuously. In terms of efficient storage and transportation of natural gas, liquefied natural gas has an advantageous volume of 1/600 compared to natural gas, but the materials that can be used at a cryogenic temperature of −163 °C are limited. A 9% nickel steel is a material recommended by IMO through IGC. It has excellent mechanical properties compared to other cryogenic materials, but its use has been limited due to its disadvantages in arc welding. Therefore, the main topic of this study is the automatic welding of 9% nickel steel using fiber laser and its purpose is to predict the welding deformation during fiber laser welding. First, an investigation was conducted to find the fiber laser welding heat source. A model that can cover all the models in prior studies such as curve, exponential, conical, conical-conical combination, and conical-cylinder combination models was proposed and the heat source model was constructed in a multi-layer format. Heat transfer analysis was performed using the ratio of a heat source radius and heat energy of each layer as a variable and the pass or failure of a heat source was determined by comparing the analysis results to the experimental results. By changing the variables in conjunction with the optimization algorithm, the main parameters of a passed heat source model were verified in a short period of time. In addition, the tendency of parameters according to the welding speed was checked.

scholarly journals Research on Heat Source Model and Weld Profile for Fiber Laser Welding of A304 Stainless Steel Thin Sheet

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peizhi Li ◽  
Yu Fan ◽  
Chonghao Zhang ◽  
Zhiyuan Zhu ◽  
Wenteng Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Laser Welding ◽  
Fiber Laser ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
Fiber Laser Welding ◽  
Heat Source Model ◽  
Bead Width ◽  
Weld Profile ◽  
Simulation Results

A heat source model is the key issue for laser welding simulation. The Gaussian heat source model is not suitable to match the actual laser weld profile accurately. Furthermore, fiber lasers are widely recognized to result in good-quality laser beam output, a narrower weld zone, less distortion, and high process efficiency, compared with other types of lasers (such as CO2, Nd : YAG, and diode lasers). At present, there are few heat source models for fiber laser welding. Most of researchers evaluate the weld profile only by the bead width and depth of penetration, which is not suitable for the laser keyhole welding nail-like profile. This paper reports an experimental study and FEA simulation of fiber laser butt welding on 1 mm thick A304 stainless steel. A new heat source model (cylindrical and cylindrical) is established to match the actual weld profile using Marc and Fortran software. Four bead geometry parameters (penetration depth, bead width, waist width, and depth of the waist) are used to compare between the experimental and simulation results. The results show that the heat source model of cylindrical and cylindrical can match the actual shape of the fiber laser welding feasibly. The error range of the penetration depth, bead width, waist width, and depth of the waist between experimental and simulation results is about 4.1 ± 1.6%, 2.9 ± 2.0%, 13.6 ± 7.4/%, and 18.3 ± 8.0%, respectively. In addition, it is found that the depth of penetration is more sensitive to laser power rather than bead width, waist width, and depth of the waist. Welding speed has a similar influence on the depth of penetration, weld width, waist width, and depth of the waist.

scholarly journals Development of a Heat Source Model for Narrow-gap Hot-wire Laser Welding

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 82s-85s ◽  
Author(s):  
Rittichai Phaonaim ◽  
Masayuki Yamamoto ◽  
Kenji Shinozaki ◽  
Motomichi Yamamoto ◽  
Kota Kadoi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Laser Welding ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Narrow Gap ◽  
Hot Wire ◽  
Heat Source Model

A NEW HEAT SOURCE MODEL FOR KEYHOLE MODE LASER WELDING

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Samuel Lorin ◽  
Julia Madrid ◽  
Rikard Söderberg ◽  
Kristina Wärmefjord
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Laser Welding ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Fluid Simulation ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Heat Source Model ◽  
Mode Laser ◽  
Standard Heat

Abstract Laser welding is a common technique for joining metals in many manufacturing industries. Due to the heat input and the resulting melting and solidification, the parts deform causing residual distortion and residual stresses. To assure the geometrical and functional quality of the product, Computational Welding Mechanics (CWM) is often employed in the design phase to predict the outcome of different design proposals. Furthermore, CWM can be used to design the welding process with the objective of assuring the quality of the weld. However, welding is a complex multi-physical process and in a design process it is typically not feasible, for example, to employ fluid simulation of the weld pool in order to predict deformation, especially if a set of design proposals is under investigation. Instead, what is used is a heat source that emulates the heat input from the melt pool. However, standard heat sources are typically not flexible enough to capture the fusion zone for deep keyhole mode laser welding. In this paper, a new heat source model for keyhole mode laser welding is presented. In an industrial case study, a number of bead on plate welds have been employed to compare standard weld heat sources and develop the new heat source model. The proposed heat source is based on a combination of standard heat sources. From the study, it was concluded that the standard heat sources could not predict the observed melted zone for certain industrial application while the new heat source was able to do so.

Heat Source Model of Lap Laser Welding of Stainless Steel Vehicle

2011 ◽  
Vol 121-126 ◽  
pp. 3347-3351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Xiao Wang ◽  
Chun Sheng Wang ◽  
Chun Yuan Shi ◽  
Zhi Yi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Laser Welding ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Heat Source Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Welding Temperature

Resistance spot welding (RSW) is being taken place by partial lap laser welding for the poor surface quality and bad airtight due to the pressure of electrodes. The shape of partial lap laser welding is similar to the vase. When the penetration of the joint is in a certain range, there is no welding trace on the outer surface. Laser welding temperature field numerical analysis based on Abaqus finite element analysis software is committed to obtain a suitable range of process parameters to improve production efficiency and automation by determining the joint penetration. To master the laser lap welding of stainless steel weld penetration state, the combination of three-dimensional positive cone + three-dimensional inverted cone + half-ellipsoid heat source model was established simulating stainless steel lap laser weld pool shape and forecasting the range of process parameters .

scholarly journals Estimation of Heat Source Model’s Parameters for GMAW with Non-linear Global Optimization—Part I: Application of Multi-island Genetic Algorithm

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 885
Author(s):  
Changmin Pyo ◽  
Jisun Kim ◽  
Jaewoong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Global Optimization ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Boundary Line ◽  
Welding Deformation ◽  
Heat Source Model ◽  
Element Analysis

Estimating the thermo-elasto-plastic deformation by arc welding through finite element analysis has been used in various industrial fields. The Goldak heat source model is one of the most important and widely used models in finite element analysis, and its parameters are estimated based on the results of previous studies and tests. Part I of this study focused on the adequate heat source model, and the study for the welding deformation with the moving heat source will be done on the latter research. This study used the parameters of Goldak’s heat source model, weld efficiency, and the location of the heat source as design variables, and defined the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) boundary line of Bead on Plate (BOP) welding as the target. BOP welding was performed using SS400 plates, the HAZ boundary line was determined based on examining the shape of the cross-section, and the optimization condition was that temperature inside the boundary line exceeded 727 °C while the temperature outside the line did not exceed 727 °C during the welding process. During this process, a multi-island genetic algorithm (non-linear global optimization method) was used to obtain the optimal results out of 1000 candidate groups, in which the HAZ boundary was similar to the experimental results. Applying a global optimization algorithm to determine the parameters of the most important heat source model to analyze welding deformation is significant, and this may be applied in various industrial fields that use welding including shipbuilding, aviation, and machinery industries.

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