scholarly journals How to Enable Delay Tolerant Network Solutions for Internet of Things: From Taxonomy to Open Challenges

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Selma Bounsiar ◽  
Fatima Zohra Benhamida ◽  
Abderrazak Henni ◽  
Diego López de Ipiña ◽  
Diego Casado Mansilla
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Delay Tolerant Network ◽  
Dtn Routing ◽  
Communication Challenges ◽  
Delay Tolerant ◽  
Open Issues

Internet of Things (IoT) is witnessing an increasing range of application domains (industry 4.0, eHealth, smart city, etc.). Meanwhile, IoT is still facing communication challenges because of limited capabilities in computing, storage and energy constraints of smart objects. The use of Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) as basis for communication in IoT is promising but needs more development. In this paper, we present a literature review and a classification of DTN routing protocols. Furthermore, we survey a number of DTN solutions for IoT and propose a new taxonomy to motivate the importance of enabling DTN for IoT applications. The novelty of this classification is the focus on X-DTN category, which combines Delay Tolerant schemes with new technologies (e.g., Fog Computing). We also point out some open issues for potential Delay Tolerant IoT schemes.

A comparative study on delay-tolerant network routing protocols

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Angulakshmi ◽  
M. Deepa ◽  
M. Vanitha ◽  
R. Mangayarkarasi ◽  
I. Nagarajan
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Delay Tolerant Network ◽  
Delivery Rate ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Network Environment ◽  
Opportunistic Network ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dtn Routing ◽  
Delay Tolerant ◽  
Spray And Wait

PurposeIn this study, we discuss three DTN routing protocols, these are epidemic, PRoPHET and spray and wait routing protocols. A special simulator will be used; that is opportunistic network environment (ONE) to create a network environment. Spray and wait has highest delivery rate and low latency in most of the cases. Hence, spray and wait have better performance than others. This analysis of the performance of DTN protocols helps the researcher to learn better of these protocols in the different environment.Design/methodology/approachDelay-Tolerant Network (DTN) is a network designed to operate effectively over extreme distances, such as those encountered in space communications or on an interplanetary scale. In such an environment, nodes are occasional communication and are available among hubs, and determinations of the next node communications are not confirmed. In such network environment, the packet can be transferred by searching current efficient route available for a particular node. Due to the uncertainty of packet transfer route, DTN is affected by a variety of factors such as packet size, communication cost, node activity, etc.FindingsSpray and wait have highest delivery rate and low latency in most of the cases. Hence, spray and wait have better performance than others.Originality/valueThe primary goal of the paper is to extend these works in an attempt to offer a better understanding of the behavior of different DTN routing protocols with delivery probability, latency and overhead ratio that depend on various amounts of network parameters such as buffer size, number of nodes, movement ratio, time to live, movement range, transmission range and message generation rate. In this study, we discuss three DTN routing protocols: these are epidemic, PRoPHET and spray and wait routing protocols. A special simulator will be used; that is opportunistic network environment (ONE) to create a network environment. Spray and wait have highest delivery rate and low latency in most of the cases. Hence, spray and wait have better performance than others. This analysis of the performance of DTN protocols helps the researcher to learn better of these protocols in the different environment.

Deploying an ‘Out of Space' Technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-65
Author(s):  
Samo Grasic ◽  
Maria Udén
Keyword(s):  
Network Theory ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Delay Tolerant Network ◽  
Space Technology ◽  
Project Development ◽  
Actor Network ◽  
Delay Tolerant

This study investigates how environments into which new technologies are introduced interact and interfere with the deployment process, the deployed technologies as well as the research conducted. The material that is used in this study draws from the N4C project development and deployment of Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) technology in the remote Arctic villages of Ritsem and Staloluokta. As the development of DTN technology prior to the deployment was conducted primarily in the laboratories, its usability and functionality still needed to be proven on the field of deployment. Here, Actor Network Theory (ANT) was employed to reveal how climate, flora, fauna and other elements present in the field of deployment interacted and interfered with, but more importantly, drove the technological development and the continued research work.

scholarly journals Delay Tolerant Network and the Algorithms of DTN Routing

2019 ◽  
Vol 1169 ◽  
pp. 012058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
Chen Liu ◽  
Fangzheng Zhao ◽  
Xin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Delay Tolerant Network ◽  
Dtn Routing ◽  
Delay Tolerant

Fog Computing to Serve the Internet of Things Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amjad Hudaib ◽  
Layla Albdour
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Performance Measurements ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Consumption Cost ◽  
Latency Response

Due to centralized nature for cloud computing and some other reasons, high mobility cannot be supported and low latency requirements for some applications such as Internet of Things (IoT) that require real time and mobility support. To satisfy such requirements new technologies, fog computing is a good solution, where we use edges of network for service provisioning instead of far datacenters allocated in clouds. Low latency response is the most attractive property for fog computing, which is very suitable for IoT multi-billion devices, sensors and actuators generates huge amount of data that need processing and analysis for smart decision generation. The main objective of this article is to show the super ability of fog computing over cloud-only computing. The authors present a patient monitoring system as a case study for simulation; they evaluated the performance of the system using: latency, network usage, power consumption, cost of execution and simulation execution time performance metrics. The results show that the Fog computing is superior over Cloud-only paradigm in all performance measurements.

New Technique of Social Aware Routing Protocols in Delay Tolerant Network

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arshia Faheem ◽  
Zohaib Hassan ◽  
Roman Odarchenko ◽  
Muhammad Qasim Khan ◽  
Abnash Zaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Delay Tolerant Network ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Delay Tolerant

scholarly journals An Optimized Probabilistic Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) Routing Protocol Based on Scheduling Mechanism for Internet of Things (IoT)

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxin Mao ◽  
Chenqian Zhou ◽  
Yun Ling ◽  
Jaime Lloret
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Delay Tolerant Network ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Efficient Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Simulator ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Delay Tolerant

Many applications of Internet of Things (IoT) have been implemented based on unreliable wireless or mobile networks like the delay tolerant network (DTN). Therefore, it is an important issue for IoT applications to achieve efficient data transmission in DTN. In order to improve delivery rate and optimize delivery delay with low overhead in DTN for IoT applications, we propose a new routing protocol, called Scheduling-Probabilistic Routing Protocol using History of Encounters and Transitivity (PROPHET). In this protocol, we calculate the delivery predictability according to the encountering frequency among nodes. Two scheduling mechanisms are proposed to extend the traditional PROPHET protocol and improve performance in both storage and transmission in DTN. In order to evaluate the proposed routing protocol, we perform simulations and compare it with other routing protocols in an Opportunistic Network Environment (ONE) simulator. The results demonstrate that the proposed Scheduling-PROPHET can achieve better performances in several key aspects compared with the existing protocols.

scholarly journals A Framework and Mathematical Modeling for the Vehicular Delay Tolerant Network Routing

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostofa Kamal Nasir ◽  
Rafidah Md. Noor ◽  
Mohsin Iftikhar ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Ainuddin Wahid Abdul Wahab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Transmission ◽  
Delay Tolerant Network ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Intermediate Node ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Dtn Routing ◽  
Delay Tolerant

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are getting growing interest as they are expected to play crucial role in making safer, smarter, and more efficient transportation networks. Due to unique characteristics such as sparse topology and intermittent connectivity, Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) routing in VANET becomes an inherent choice and is challenging. However, most of the existing DTN protocols do not accurately discover potential neighbors and, hence, appropriate intermediate nodes for packet transmission. Moreover, these protocols cause unnecessary overhead due to excessive beacon messages. To cope with these challenges, this paper presents a novel framework and an Adaptive Geographical DTN Routing (AGDR) for vehicular DTNs. AGDR exploits node position, current direction, speed, and the predicted direction to carefully select an appropriate intermediate node. Direction indicator light is employed to accurately predict the vehicle future direction so that the forwarding node can relay packets to the desired destination. Simulation experiments confirm the performance supremacy of AGDR compared to contemporary schemes in terms of packet delivery ratio, overhead, and end-to-end delay. Simulation results demonstrate that AGDR improves the packet delivery ratio (5–7%), reduces the overhead (1–5%), and decreases the delay (up to 0.02 ms). Therefore, AGDR improves route stability by reducing the frequency of route failures.

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