scholarly journals Long-Term Changes of Open-Surface Water Bodies in the Yangtze River Basin Based on the Google Earth Engine Cloud Platform

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 2213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Deng ◽  
Weiguo Jiang ◽  
Zhenghong Tang ◽  
Ziyan Ling ◽  
Zhifeng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Yangtze River Basin ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Open Surface ◽  
Cloud Platform ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
The Yangtze River Basin ◽  
Surface Water Bodies

The spatiotemporal changes of open-surface water bodies in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) have profound influences on sustainable economic development, and are also closely relevant to water scarcity in China. However, long-term changes of open-surface water bodies in the YRB have remained poorly characterized. Taking advantage of the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform, this study processed 75,593 scenes of Landsat images to investigate the long-term changes of open-surface water bodies in the YRB from 1984 to 2018. In this study, we adopted the percentile-based image composite method to collect training samples and proposed a multiple index water detection rule (MIWDR) to quickly extract the open-surface water bodies. The results indicated that (1) the MIWDR is suitable for the long-term and large-scale Landsat water bodies mapping, especially in the urban regions. (2) The areas of permanent water bodies and seasonal water bodies were 29,076.70 km2 and 21,526.24 km2, accounting for 57.46% and 42.54% of the total open-surface water bodies in the YRB, respectively. (3) The permanent water bodies in the YRB increased along with the decreases in the seasonal water bodies from 1984 to 2018. In general, the total open-surface surface water bodies in the YRB experienced an increasing trend, with an obvious spatial heterogeneity. (4) The changes of open-surface water bodies were associated with the climate changes and intense human activities in the YRB, however, the influences varied among different regions and need to be further investigated in the future.

Temporal variations in the surface hydrology across Antarctic ice shelves

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Dell ◽  
Ian Willis ◽  
Neil Arnold ◽  
Alison Banwell ◽  
Hamish Pritchard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
Surface Hydrology ◽  
Ice Shelves ◽  
Landsat 7 ◽  
Surface Water Bodies

<p>Widespread surface meltwater systems have been identified across numerous Antarctic ice shelves and have been implicated in their possible instability and eventual breakup. It is crucial to better understand the seasonal and year-to-year development of these surface meltwater systems, which comprise saturated firn (slush) as well as distinct water bodies (lakes and streams). It has been suggested that repeated melting and re-freezing of the surface firn pack over successive years reduces the firn air content, and therefore its porosity, encouraging the formation of surface water bodies over time. Firn air depletion and the formation of surface water bodies may contribute to ice shelf instability, as the ice becomes increasingly susceptible to hydrofracture.</p><p>Here, we use Google Earth Engine to investigate the distributions of slush and deeper water bodies across all Antarctic ice shelves known to have surface melt, to quantify how surface meltwater systems evolve both seasonally and over successive summers. To do this, we use supervised classification of Sentinel-2 and Landsat 7/8 imagery to guide the selection of suitable NDWI<sub>ice</sub> thresholds for both the detection of slush and deep surface meltwater. Preliminary results for the George VI Ice Shelf between 2000 and 2017 reveal seasonal patterns in the overall extent of surface meltwater, and the overall meltwater extent typically peaks between January and March each year. The 2009-2010 melt season was characterised by significant melt, and over the course of the melt season the proportion of the overall surface meltwater extent that was held within deep water bodies varied between 0 % (November) and 60 % (January). An increase in the proportion of deep water vs. slush typically aligns with warmer air surface temperatures and, therefore periods of more intense melt.</p>

scholarly journals Legal Issues of the Establishment (Redetermination) of the Coastline Location and the Economic Use of Surface Water Bodies

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Aleksey V. Menkenov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Protection Zones ◽  
Surface Water Bodies ◽  
Economic Use

Legal protection of water bodies and ensuring a special regime of economic and other activities within the boundaries of their water protection zones presuppose a clear establishment of their coastline and entering information about it in the relevant state registers. The author studies the legal problems of revising the boundaries of water bodies associated with seasonal and long-term climatic fluctuations in the area of their water mirror. The author also suggested adding methods for economic use of surface water bodies.

scholarly journals Long-Term Dynamics of Different Surface Water Body Types and Their Possible Driving Factors in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1154
Author(s):  
Bowei Yu ◽  
Baoshan Cui ◽  
Yongge Zang ◽  
Chunsheng Wu ◽  
Zhonghe Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Lakes And Reservoirs ◽  
Surface Water Bodies ◽  
Artificial Reservoirs

Various surface water bodies, such as rivers, lakes and reservoirs, provide water and essential services to human society. However, the long-term spatiotemporal dynamics of different types of surface water bodies and their possible driving factors over large areas remain very limited. Here, we used unprecedented surface water data layers derived from all available Landsat images and further developed two databases on China’s lakes and reservoirs larger than 1 km2 to document and understand the characteristics of changes in different water body types during 2000 to 2019 in China. Our results show that China is dominated by permanent water bodies. The areas of permanent and seasonal water bodies in China increased by 16,631.02 km2 (16.72%) and 16,994.95 km2 (25.14%), respectively, between 2000 and 2019, with permanent and seasonal water bodies exhibiting divergent spatial variations. Lakes and artificial reservoirs larger than 1 km2, which collectively represent a significant proportion of the permanent water bodies in China, displayed net increases of 6884.52 km2 (10.71%) and 4075.13 km2 (36.10%), respectively, from 2000 to 2019; these increases accounted for 41.40% and 24.50%, respectively, of the total permanent water body increment. The expanding lakes were mainly distributed on the Tibetan Plateau, whereas the rapidly growing reservoirs were mainly located on the Northeast Plain and Eastern Plain. Statistical analyses indicated that artificial reservoirs were an important factor controlling both permanent and seasonal water body changes in most of provinces. Climate factors, such as precipitation and temperature, were the main influencing factors affecting the changes in different water bodies in the sparsely populated Tibetan Plateau.

scholarly journals Open-Surface Water Bodies Dynamics Analysis in the Tarim River Basin (North-Western China), Based on Google Earth Engine Cloud Platform

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2822
Author(s):  
Jiahao Chen ◽  
Tingting Kang ◽  
Shuai Yang ◽  
Jingyi Bu ◽  
Kexin Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Tarim River ◽  
Tarim River Basin ◽  
Open Surface ◽  
Body Area ◽  
The Tarim River Basin

The Tarim River Basin (TRB), located in an arid region, is facing the challenge of increasing water pressure and uncertain impacts of climate change. Many water body identification methods have achieved good results in different application scenarios, but only a few for arid areas. An arid region water detection rule (ARWDR) was proposed by combining vegetation index and water index. Taking computing advantages of the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform, 56,284 Landsat 5/7/8 optical images in the TRB were used to detect open-surface water bodies and generated a 30-m annual water frequency map from 1992 to 2019. The interannual changes and trends of the water body area were analyzed and the impacts of climatic and anthropogenic drivers on open-surface water body area dynamics were examined. The results show that: (1) ARWDR is suitable for long-term and large-scale water body identification, especially suitable for arid areas lacking vegetation. (2) The permanent water area was 2093.63 km2 and the seasonal water area was 44,242.80 km2, accounting for 4.52% and 95.48% of the total open-surface water area of he TRB, respectively. (3) From 1992 to 2019, the permanent and seasonal water bodies of the TRB all showed an increasing trend, with obvious spatial heterogeneity. (4) Among the effects of human activities and climate change, precipitation has the largest impact on the water area, which can explain 65.3% of the change of water body area. Our findings provide valuable information for the entire TRB’s open-surface water resources planning and management.

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