scholarly journals 3D Coseismic Deformation Field and Source Parameters of the 2017 Iran-Iraq Mw7.3 Earthquake Inferred from DInSAR and MAI Measurements

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 2248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiheng Wang ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Yuxin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Parameters Estimation ◽  
Deformation Field ◽  
Coseismic Deformation ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Coseismic Slip ◽  
Main Fault

The coseismic slip on the main fault related to the 2017 Iran-Iraq Mw7.3 earthquake has been investigated by previous studies using DInSAR (differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar) ground deformation measurements. However, DInSAR observation is not sensitive to the ground deformation in the along-track (AT) direction. Therefore, only the one-dimensional (1D) DInSAR coseismic deformation field measurements, derived in the LOS (line-of-sight) direction of radar, was applied in source parameters estimation. To further improve the accuracy of the fault slip inversion, the 3D (three-dimensional) coseismic deformation fields were reconstructed in the first place, by a combined use of the DInSAR and MAI (multiple aperture InSAR) measurements. Subsequently, the LOS and 3D deformation data sets were used as the constraint respectively, to perform a two-step inversion scheme to find an optimal geometry and slip distribution on the main fault. The comparative analysis indicated that the 3D coseismic deformation data sets improved the inversion-accuracy by 30%. Besides, the fault invention results revealed a deep dislocation on a NNW trending fault (the strike is 352.63°) extending about 60 km, along the fault dips 14.76° to the ENE. The estimated seismic moment is 8.44 × 1019 Nm (Mw7.3), which is close to the solution provided by USGS (United States Geological Survey). The slip distributed at the depth between 12 and 18 km, and the peak slip of 6.53 m appears at the depth of 14.5 km left near the epicenter. Considering the geological structure in the earthquake region and fault source-parameters, it comes to a preliminary conclusion that the ZMFF (the Zagros Mountain Front fault) should be responsible for the earthquake. In general, this paper demonstrated the superiority of using the 3D coseismic deformation fields on source parameters estimation.

scholarly journals Source Model of the 2014 Mw 6.9 Yutian Earthquake at the Southwestern End of the Altyn Tagh Fault in Tibet Estimated from Satellite Images

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 3161-3170
Author(s):  
Xing Li ◽  
Wenbin Xu ◽  
Sigurjón Jónsson ◽  
Yann Klinger ◽  
Guohong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Coseismic Slip ◽  
Remote Sensing Technology ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Altyn Tagh ◽  
Coulomb Failure Stress Change ◽  
Coulomb Failure ◽  
Source Geometry

Abstract Multiple fault segments ruptured during the 2014 Yutian earthquake, but the detailed source parameters and the mechanism of rupture complexity remain poorly understood. Here, we use high-resolution TanDEM-X satellite data and Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre-6/7 images to map the coseismic ground deformation field of the event. We find that the majority of coseismic slip occurred in the upper 10 km with the maximum left-lateral fault slip of ∼2.5  m at ∼6  km depth. The fault ruptured across a large 4.5 km extensional stepover from one left-lateral fault segment to another, with some right-lateral relay faulting in between. We find that the earthquake was followed by shallow afterslip concentrating at the southwestern end of coseismic rupture, in an area of many aftershocks and positive Coulomb failure stress change. Our findings demonstrate the power of satellite remote sensing technology in constraining source geometry and slip model of complex earthquakes when ground measurements are limited.

scholarly journals COSEISMIC DEFORMATION FIELD AND FAULT SLIP DISTRIBUTION OF THE 2015 CHILE Mw8.3 EARTHQUAKE

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B7 ◽  
pp. 827-834
Author(s):  
Chunyan Qu ◽  
Ronghu Zuo ◽  
Xin Jian Shan ◽  
Guohong Zhang ◽  
Yingfeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Half Space ◽  
Fault Slip ◽  
Deformation Field ◽  
Coseismic Deformation ◽  
Postseismic Deformation ◽  
Coseismic Slip ◽  
Single Plane ◽  
Rupture Length ◽  
Continental Plate ◽  
Before And After

On September 16, 2015, a magnitude 8.3 earthquake struck west of Illapel, Chile. We analyzed Sentinel-1A/IW InSAR data on the descending track acquired before and after the Chile Mw8.3 earthquake of 16 September 2015. We found that the coseismic deformation field of this event consists of many semi circular fringes protruding to east in an approximately 300km long and 190km wide region. The maximum coseismic displacement is about 1.33m in LOS direction corresponding to subsidence or westward shift of the ground. We inverted the coseismic fault slip based on a small-dip single plane fault model in a homogeneous elastic half space. The inverted coseismic slip mainly concentrates at shallow depth above the hypocenter with a symmetry shape. The rupture length along strike is about 340 km with maximum slip of about 8.16m near the trench. The estimated moment is 3.126×1021 N.m (Mw8.27)，the maximum depth of coseismic slip near zero appears to 50km. We also analyzed the postseismic deformation fields using four interferograms with different time intervals. The results show that postseismic deformation occurred in a narrow area of approximately 65km wide with maximum slip 11cm, and its predominant motion changes from uplift to subsidence with time. that is to say, at first, the postseismic deformation direction is opposite to that of coseismic deformation, then it tends to be consistent with coseismic deformation.It maybe indicates the differences and changes in the velocity between the Nazca oceanic plate and the South American continental plate.

scholarly journals Coseismic deformation field derived from Sentinel-1A data and slip inversion of the 2015 Chile Mw8.3 earthquake

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronghu Zuo ◽  
Chunyan Qu ◽  
XinJian Shan ◽  
Yingfeng Zhang ◽  
Guohong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Joint Inversion ◽  
Fault Slip ◽  
Deformation Field ◽  
Seismogenic Zone ◽  
Coseismic Deformation ◽  
Dislocation Model ◽  
Coulomb Stress ◽  
Coseismic Slip ◽  
Single Plane

Abstract. We obtain the coseismic surface deformation fields caused by the Chile Mw8.3 earthquake on 16 September 2015 through analyzing Sentinel-1A/IW InSAR data from ascending and descending tracks. The results show that the main deformation field looks like a half circle convex to east with maximum coseismic displacement of about 1.33 m in descending LOS direction, 1.32 m in ascending LOS direction. Based on an elastic dislocation model in a homogeneous elastic half space, we construct a small-dip single plane fault model and invert the coseismic fault slip using ascending and descending Sentinel-1A/IW data separately and jointly. The results show that the patterns of the main slip region are similar in all datasets, but the scale of slip from ascending inversion is relatively smaller. Joint inversion can display comprehensive fault slip. The seismic moment magnitude from the joint inversion is Mw8.25, the rupture length along strike is about 340 km with a maximum slip of 8.16 m near the trench located at –31.04 N, –72.49 E, and the coseismic slip mainly concentrates at shallow depth above the hypocenter with a symmetry shape. The depth where coseismic slip is near zero appears to a depth of 50 km, quantitatively indicating the down-dip limit of the seismogenic zone. From the calculated coseismic Coulomb stress change, we find aftershocks locations correlate well with the areas having increased Coulomb stress and most areas with increased Coulomb stress appeared beneath the main shock fault plane.

scholarly journals Coseismic deformation of the ground during large-slip strike-slip ruptures: Finite evolution of “mole tracks”

Geosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.A. Little ◽  
P. Morris ◽  
M.P. Hill ◽  
J. Kearse ◽  
R.J. Van Dissen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Rupture Zone ◽  
Coseismic Deformation ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Main Fault ◽  
Fault Trace ◽  
Kaikoura Earthquake

To evaluate ground deformation resulting from large (~10 m) coseismic strike-slip displacements, we focus on deformation of the Kekerengu fault during the November 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake in New Zealand. Combining post-earthquake field observations with analysis of high-resolution aerial photography and topographic models, we describe the structural geology and geomorphology of the rupture zone. During the earthquake, fissured pressure bulges (“mole tracks”) initiated at stepovers between synthetic Riedel (R) faults. As slip accumulated, near-surface “rafts” of cohesive clay-rich sediment, bounded by R faults and capped by grassy turf, rotated about a vertical axis and were internally shortened, thus amplifying the bulges. The bulges are flanked by low-angle contractional faults that emplace the shortened mass of detached sediment outward over less-deformed ground. As slip accrued, turf rafts fragmented into blocks bounded by short secondary fractures striking at a high angle to the main fault trace that we interpret to have originated as antithetic Riedel (R¢) faults. Eventually these blocks were dispersed into strongly sheared earth and variably rotated. Along the fault, clockwise rotation of these turf rafts within the rupture zone averaged ~20°–30°, accommodat­ing a finite shear strain of 1.0–1.5 and a distributed strike slip of ~3–4 m. On strike-slip parts of the fault, internal shortening of the rafts averaged 1–2 m parallel to the R faults and ~1 m perpendicular to the main fault trace. Driven by distortional rotation, this contraction of the rafts exceeds the magnitude of fault heave. Turf rafts on slightly transtensional segments of the fault were also bulged and shortened—relationships that can be explained by a kinematic model involving “deformable slats.” In a paleoseismic trench cut perpendicular the fault, one would observe fissures, low-angle thrusts, and steeply dipping strike-slip faults—some cross-cutting one another—yet all may have formed during a single earthquake featuring a large strike-slip displacement.

scholarly journals COSEISMIC DEFORMATION FIELD AND FAULT SLIP DISTRIBUTION OF THE 2015 CHILE Mw8.3 EARTHQUAKE

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B7 ◽  
pp. 827-834
Author(s):  
Chunyan Qu ◽  
Ronghu Zuo ◽  
Xin Jian Shan ◽  
Guohong Zhang ◽  
Yingfeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Half Space ◽  
Fault Slip ◽  
Deformation Field ◽  
Coseismic Deformation ◽  
Postseismic Deformation ◽  
Coseismic Slip ◽  
Single Plane ◽  
Rupture Length ◽  
Continental Plate ◽  
Before And After

On September 16, 2015, a magnitude 8.3 earthquake struck west of Illapel, Chile. We analyzed Sentinel-1A/IW InSAR data on the descending track acquired before and after the Chile Mw8.3 earthquake of 16 September 2015. We found that the coseismic deformation field of this event consists of many semi circular fringes protruding to east in an approximately 300km long and 190km wide region. The maximum coseismic displacement is about 1.33m in LOS direction corresponding to subsidence or westward shift of the ground. We inverted the coseismic fault slip based on a small-dip single plane fault model in a homogeneous elastic half space. The inverted coseismic slip mainly concentrates at shallow depth above the hypocenter with a symmetry shape. The rupture length along strike is about 340 km with maximum slip of about 8.16m near the trench. The estimated moment is 3.126×1021 N.m (Mw8.27)，the maximum depth of coseismic slip near zero appears to 50km. We also analyzed the postseismic deformation fields using four interferograms with different time intervals. The results show that postseismic deformation occurred in a narrow area of approximately 65km wide with maximum slip 11cm, and its predominant motion changes from uplift to subsidence with time. that is to say, at first, the postseismic deformation direction is opposite to that of coseismic deformation, then it tends to be consistent with coseismic deformation.It maybe indicates the differences and changes in the velocity between the Nazca oceanic plate and the South American continental plate.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional deformation time series of glacier motion from multiple-aperture DInSAR observation

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 2651-2660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Samsonov
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Ice Flow ◽  
The North ◽  
Glacier Ice ◽  
Deformation Component ◽  
3D Deformation

AbstractThe previously presented Multidimensional Small Baseline Subset (MSBAS-2D) technique computes two-dimensional (2D), east and vertical, ground deformation time series from two or more ascending and descending Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) data sets by assuming that the contribution of the north deformation component is negligible. DInSAR data sets can be acquired with different temporal and spatial resolutions, viewing geometries and wavelengths. The MSBAS-2D technique has previously been used for mapping deformation due to mining, urban development, carbon sequestration, permafrost aggradation and pingo growth, and volcanic activities. In the case of glacier ice flow, the north deformation component is often too large to be negligible. Historically, the surface-parallel flow (SPF) constraint was used to compute the static three-dimensional (3D) velocity field at various glaciers. A novel MSBAS-3D technique has been developed for computing 3D deformation time series where the SPF constraint is utilized. This technique is used for mapping 3D deformation at the Barnes Ice Cap, Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada, during January–March 2015, and the MSBAS-2D and MSBAS-3D solutions are compared. The MSBAS-3D technique can be used for studying glacier ice flow at other glaciers and other surface deformation processes with large north deformation component, such as landslides. The software implementation of MSBAS-3D technique can be downloaded from http://insar.ca/.

Complex Slip Distribution of the 2021 Mw 7.4 Maduo, China, Earthquake: An Event Occurring on the Slowly Slipping Fault

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rumeng Guo ◽  
Hongfeng Yang ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Yong Zheng ◽  
Lupeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Slip Rate ◽  
Slip Distribution ◽  
Seismic Gap ◽  
Seismogenic Fault ◽  
Coseismic Slip ◽  
Slip Rates ◽  
Kunlun Mountain ◽  
Coulomb Failure ◽  
Main Fault ◽  
Large Earthquakes

Abstract The 21 May 2021 Maduo earthquake occurred on the Kunlun Mountain Pass–Jiangcuo fault (KMPJF), a seismogenic fault with no documented large earthquakes. To probe its kinematics, we first estimate the slip rates of the KMPJF and Tuosuo Lake segment (TLS, ∼75 km north of the KMPJF) of the East Kunlun fault (EKLF) based on the secular Global Positioning System (GPS) data using the Markov chain Monte Carlo method. Our model reveals that the slip rates of the KMPJF and TLS are 1.7 ± 0.8 and 7.1 ± 0.3 mm/yr, respectively. Then, we invert high-resolution GPS and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar observations to decipher the fault geometry and detailed coseismic slip distribution associated with the Maduo earthquake. The geometry of the KMPFJ significantly varies along strike, composed of five fault subsegments. The most slip is accommodated by two steeply dipping fault segments, with the patch of large sinistral slip concentrated in the shallow depth on a simple straight structure. The released seismic moment is ∼1.5×1020  N·m, equivalent to an Mw 7.39 event, with a peak slip of ∼9.3 m. Combining the average coseismic slip and slip rate of the main fault, an earthquake recurrence period of ∼1250−400+1120  yr is estimated. The Maduo earthquake reminds us to reevaluate the potential of seismic gaps where slip rates are low. Based on our calculated Coulomb failure stress, the Maduo earthquake imposes positive stress on the Maqin–Maqu segment of the EKLF, a long-recognized seismic gap, implying that it may accelerate the occurrence of the next major event in this region.

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