Prediction of Root Biomass in Cassava Based on Ground Penetrating Radar Phenomics

Cassava as a world food security crop still suffers from an inadequate means to measure early storage root bulking (ESRB), a trait that describes early maturity and a key characteristic of improved cassava varieties. The objective of this study is to evaluate the capability of ground penetrating radar (GPR) for non-destructive assessment of cassava root biomass. GPR was evaluated for this purpose in a field trial conducted in Ibadan, Nigeria. Different methods of processing the GPR radargram were tested, which included time slicing the radargram below the antenna surface in order to reduce ground clutter; to remove coherent sub-horizontal reflected energy; and having the diffracted energy tail collapsed into representative point of origin. GPR features were then extracted using Discrete Fourier Transformation (DFT), and Bayesian Ridge Regression (BRR) models were developed considering one, two and three-way interactions. Prediction accuracies based on Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and coefficient of determination (R2) were estimated by the linear regression of the predicted and observed root biomass. A simple model without interaction produced the best prediction accuracy of r = 0.64 and R2 = 0.41. Our results demonstrate that root biomass can be predicted using GPR and it is expected that the technology will be adopted by cassava breeding programs for selecting early stage root bulking during the crop growth season as a novel method to dramatically increase crop yield.

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3D Ground Penetrating Radar to Detect Tree Roots and Estimate Root Biomass in the Field

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs6065754 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 5754-5773 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Shiping Zhu ◽

Chunlin Huang ◽

Yi Su ◽

Motoyuki Sato

Keyword(s):

Ground Penetrating Radar ◽

Root Biomass ◽

Tree Roots ◽

Ground Penetrating

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Estimating coarse root biomass with ground penetrating radar in a tree-based intercropping system

Agroforestry Systems ◽

10.1007/s10457-014-9722-5 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 88 (4) ◽

pp. 657-669 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Kira A. Borden ◽

Marney E. Isaac ◽

Naresh V. Thevathasan ◽

Andrew M. Gordon ◽

Sean C. Thomas

Keyword(s):

Ground Penetrating Radar ◽

Root Biomass ◽

Coarse Root ◽

Ground Penetrating

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Experimental Evaluation of Several Key Factors Affecting Root Biomass Estimation by 1500 MHz Ground-Penetrating Radar

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs9121337 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1337 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

John Bain ◽

Frank Day ◽

John Butnor

Keyword(s):

Ground Penetrating Radar ◽

Experimental Evaluation ◽

Root Biomass ◽

Biomass Estimation ◽

Key Factors ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Ground Penetrating

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Impact of root water content on root biomass estimation using ground penetrating radar: evidence from forward simulations and field controlled experiments

Plant and Soil ◽

10.1007/s11104-013-1710-4 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 371 (1-2) ◽

pp. 503-520 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Li Guo ◽

Henry Lin ◽

Bihang Fan ◽

Xihong Cui ◽

Jin Chen

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Ground Penetrating Radar ◽

Root Biomass ◽

Biomass Estimation ◽

Controlled Experiments ◽

Ground Penetrating

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Development of ground penetrating radar for enhanced root phenotyping and carbon sequestration

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-1406 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dirk Hays ◽

Matt Wolfe ◽

Iliyana Dobreva ◽

Henry Ruiz

Keyword(s):

Carbon Sequestration ◽

Ground Penetrating Radar ◽

Root Biomass ◽

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Root Phenotyping ◽

Atmospheric Carbon ◽

Ground Penetrating ◽

Non Destructive

<p>Currently atmospheric carbon has reached 405 ppm or 720 GtC.&#160; As is widely known, this increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide are primary contributing factors in increasing global temperatures.&#160; Current measurements show that sources of emission such as the burning of fossil fuels contributes 9.9 GtC/yr, while land use change contributes 1.5 GtC/yr. We have identified that crops possessing a subsurface rhizome in particular, in addition to high root biomass, are essential and capable of increasing crop derived soil carbon sequestration by 10-fold.&#160; If the presence of a high biomass rhizome were bred into the world&#8217;s major grain crops wheat, rice, maize, barley, sorghum and millets and grown worldwide in no-tillage conditions, these crops could sequester and offset current carbon emissions by 9Gt carbon on a yearly basis. We have developed a new ground penetrating radar instrument and analytical software, which will be presented, as a needed for high throughput non-destructive phenotyping, selection and speed breeding new high root biomass cultivars of the worlds major cultivated crops and forages as a key component for crop-based carbon sequestration driven climate change mitigation.&#160;</p>

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Detection frequency of Pinus thunbergii roots by ground-penetrating radar is related to root biomass

Plant and Soil ◽

10.1007/s11104-012-1252-1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 360 (1-2) ◽

pp. 363-373 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Yasuhiro Hirano ◽

Rika Yamamoto ◽

Masako Dannoura ◽

Kenji Aono ◽

Tetsurou Igarashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ground Penetrating Radar ◽

Root Biomass ◽

Pinus Thunbergii ◽

Detection Frequency ◽

Ground Penetrating

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A review of ground-penetrating radar studies related to peatland stratigraphy with a case study on the determination of peat thickness in a northern boreal fen in Quebec, Canada

Progress in Physical Geography Earth and Environment ◽

10.1177/0309133313501106 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

pp. 767-786 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Sandra Proulx-McInnis ◽

André St-Hilaire ◽

Alain N. Rousseau ◽

Sylvain Jutras

Keyword(s):

Ground Penetrating Radar ◽

Electromagnetic Waves ◽

Open Water ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Soil Thickness ◽

Shallow Subsurface ◽

Observation Method ◽

Time Required ◽

Ground Penetrating

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a non-intrusive geophysical observation method based on propagation and reflection of high-frequency electromagnetic waves in the shallow subsurface. The vertical cross-sectional images obtained allow the identification of thickness and lithologic horizons of different media, without destruction. Over the last decade, several studies have demonstrated the potential of GPR. This paper presents a review of recent GPR applications to peatlands, particularly to determine peat stratigraphy. An example study of acquisition and comparison of peatland soil thickness of a fen-dominated watershed located in the James Bay region of Quebec, using (1) a meter stick linked to a GPS RTK and (2) a GSSI GPR, is given. A coefficient of determination ( r2) of 56% was obtained between the ordinary krigings performed on data gathered using both techniques. Disparities occurred mainly in the vicinity of ponds which can be explained by the attenuation of GPR signal in open water. Despite these difficulties – the higher time required for analysis and the error margin – it seems more appropriate to use a GPR, instead of a graduated rod linked to a GPS, to measure the peat depths on a site like the one presented in this study. Manual measurements, which are user-dependent in the context of variable mineral substrate densities and with the presence of obstacles in the substrate, may be more subjective.

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