scholarly journals Protocol for Streaming Data from an RFID Sensor Network †

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (14) ◽  
pp. 3148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gentza Souto ◽  
Florian Muralter ◽  
Laura Arjona ◽  
Hugo Landaluce ◽  
Asier Perallos
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Streaming Data ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Read Rate

Currently, there is an increasing interest in the use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags which incorporate passive or battery-less sensors. These systems are known as computational RFID (CRFID). Several CRFID tags together with a reader set up an RFID sensor network. The reader powers up the tags’ microcontroller and their attached sensor using radio frequency waves, and tags backscatter, not only their EPC code but also the value of those sensors. The current standard for interrogating these CRFID tags is the EPC global Class 1 Generation 2 (EPC C1G2). When several tags are located inside the reader interrogation area, the EPC C1G2 results in very poor performance to obtain sensor data values. To solve this problem, a novel protocol called Sensor Frmed Slotted Aloha (sFSA) for streaming sensor data dealing with the tag collisions is presented. The proposed protocol increases the Sensor Read Rate (SRR), defined as the number of sensor data reads per second, compared to the standard. Additionally, this paper presents a prototype of an RFID sensor network to compare the proposed sFSA with the standard, increasing the SRR by more than five times on average. Additionally, the proposed protocol keeps a constant sensor sampling frequency for a suitable streaming of these tag sensors.

scholarly journals Protocol for Streaming Data from an RFID Sensor Network

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (19) ◽  
pp. 1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Arjona ◽  
Hugo Landaluce ◽  
Asier Perallos ◽  
Gentza Souto
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Streaming Data ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Read Rate

Currently, there is an increasing interest in the use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags which incorporate passive or battery-less sensors. These systems are known as computational RFID (CRFID). Several CRFID tags together with a reader set up an RFID sensor network. The reader powers up the tags’ microcontroller and their attached sensor using radio frequency waves, and tags backscatter, not only their E P C code but also the value of those sensors. The current standard for interrogating these CRFID tags is the EPC global Class 1 Generation 2 (EPC C1G2). When several tags are located inside the reader interrogation area, the EPC C1G2 results in very poor performance to obtain sensor data values. To solve this problem, a novel protocol for streaming sensor data is presented. The proposed protocol increases the Sensor Read Rate ( S R R ), defined as the number of sensor data reads per second, compared to the standard. Additionally, this paper presents a prototype of an RFID sensor network to compare the proposed custom protocol with the standard, obtaining a 53% of improvement in S R R with respect to the EPC C1G2.

Security of EPC Class-1

2013 ◽  
pp. 34-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Picazo-Sanchez ◽  
Lara Ortiz-Martin ◽  
Pedro Peris-Lopez ◽  
Julio C. Hernandez-Castro
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Radio Channel ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Main Form ◽  
Electronic Product Code ◽  
Electronic Product ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Passive Rfid

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a common technology for identifying objects, animals, or people. The main form of barcode-type RFID device is known as an Electronic Product Code (EPC) and the most popular standard for passive RFID tags is Class-1 Generation-2. In this technology, the information transmitted between devices is through the air, therefore adversaries can eavesdrop these messages passed on the insecure radio channel and finally, the security of the system can be compromised. In this chapter, the authors analyze the security of EPC Class-1 Generation-2 standard, showing its security weaknesses and presenting some possible countermeasures.

scholarly journals Dynamic Frame Update Policy for UHF RFID Sensor Tag Collisions

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Arjona ◽  
Hugo Landaluce ◽  
Asier Perallos ◽  
Enrique Onieva
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Object Identification ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Uhf Rfid ◽  
Slotted Aloha ◽  
Frame Size ◽  
Passive Uhf Rfid ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Class 1

The current growing demand for low-cost edge devices to bridge the physical–digital divide has triggered the growing scope of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology research. Besides object identification, researchers have also examined the possibility of using RFID tags for low-power wireless sensing, localisation and activity inference. This paper focuses on passive UHF RFID sensing. An RFID system consists of a reader and various numbers of tags, which can incorporate different kinds of sensors. These sensor tags require fast anti-collision protocols to minimise the number of collisions with the other tags sharing the reader’s interrogation zone. Therefore, RFID application developers must be mindful of anti-collision protocols. Dynamic Frame Slotted Aloha (DFSA) anti-collision protocols have been used extensively in the literature because EPCglobal Class 1 Generation 2 (EPC C1G2), which is the current communication protocol standard in RFID, employs this strategy. Protocols under this category are distinguished by their policy for updating the transmission frame size. This paper analyses the frame size update policy of DFSA strategies to survey and classify the main state-of-the-art of DFSA protocols according to their policy. Consequently, this paper proposes a novel policy to lower the time to read one sensor data packet compared to existing strategies. Next, the novel anti-collision protocol Fuzzy Frame Slotted Aloha (FFSA) is presented, which applies this novel DFSA policy. The results of our simulation confirm that FFSA significantly decreases the sensor tag read time for a wide range of tag populations when compared to earlier DFSA protocols thanks to the proposed frame size update policy.

Using Radio Frequency Identification for Indoor Location Identification Based on Power Level, Signal Strength and Fuzzy Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1287-1298
Author(s):  
Rung-Ching Chen ◽  
◽  
Yu-Cheng Lin ◽  
Sheng-Ling Huang ◽  
Qiangfu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Location Tracking ◽  
Position Location ◽  
Reference Tags ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Set Up

In recent years, there has been a dramatic proliferation of research concerned with Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). RFID technologies are getting considerable attention not only from academic research but also from the applications for enterprise. One of the most important application issues prevailing throughout the last few decades of RFID application research is the indoor position location. Many researchers have used varied technologies to perform the action of indoor position location tracking. In our research, we propose a new method using RFID tags to perform indoor position location tracking. This method uses Received Signal Strength (RSS) to collect signal strengths from reference tags beforehand, and then uses the signal strengths to set up Power Level areas of range by reference tags. Next, using the signal strengths from the reference tags we match signal strengths with track tags. Finally, when the track tags are set up in indoor environments, they can find the position of neighboring reference tags by using the fuzzy set theory and an arithmetic mean to calculate the position location values; with this method we are able to break figures down to track tag position locations. We conducted this experiment to prove that our methodology can provide better accuracy than the LANDMARC system.

scholarly journals Printed, flexible, compact UHF-RFID sensor tags enabled by hybrid electronics

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol L. Baumbauer ◽  
Matthew G. Anderson ◽  
Jonathan Ting ◽  
Akshay Sreekumar ◽  
Jan M. Rabaey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Uhf Rfid ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Stencil Printing ◽  
Everyday Objects ◽  
Miniaturized Antenna ◽  
Frequency Identification

Abstract Sensor data can be wirelessly transmitted from simple, battery-less tags using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). RFID sensor tags consist of an antenna, a radio frequency integrated circuit chip (RFIC), and at least one sensor. An ideal tag can communicate over a long distance and be seamlessly integrated onto everyday objects. However, miniaturized antenna designs often have lower performance. Here we demonstrate compact, flexible sensor tags with read range comparable to that of conventional rigid tags. We compare fabrication techniques for flexible antennas and demonstrate that screen and stencil printing are both suitable for fabricating antennas; these different techniques are most useful at different points in the design cycle. We characterize two versions of flexible, screen printed folded dipoles and a meandered monopole operating in the 915 MHz band. Finally, we use these antennas to create passive sensor tags and demonstrate over the air communication of sensor data. These tags could be used to form a network of printed, flexible, passive, interactive sensor tags.

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