scholarly journals Carbon Allotrope-Based Optical Fibers for Environmental and Biological Sensing: A Review

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Hui Kit Yap ◽  
Kok Ken Chan ◽  
Swee Chuan Tjin ◽  
Ken-Tye Yong
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensors ◽  
Functional Coating ◽  
Fiber Sensors ◽  
Carbon Allotrope ◽  
Carbon Allotropes ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Wide Range

Recently, carbon allotropes have received tremendous research interest and paved a new avenue for optical fiber sensing technology. Carbon allotropes exhibit unique sensing properties such as large surface to volume ratios, biocompatibility, and they can serve as molecule enrichers. Meanwhile, optical fibers possess a high degree of surface modification versatility that enables the incorporation of carbon allotropes as the functional coating for a wide range of detection tasks. Moreover, the combination of carbon allotropes and optical fibers also yields high sensitivity and specificity to monitor target molecules in the vicinity of the nanocoating surface. In this review, the development of carbon allotropes-based optical fiber sensors is studied. The first section provides an overview of four different types of carbon allotropes, including carbon nanotubes, carbon dots, graphene, and nanodiamonds. The second section discusses the synthesis approaches used to prepare these carbon allotropes, followed by some deposition techniques to functionalize the surface of the optical fiber, and the associated sensing mechanisms. Numerous applications that have benefitted from carbon allotrope-based optical fiber sensors such as temperature, strain, volatile organic compounds and biosensing applications are reviewed and summarized. Finally, a concluding section highlighting the technological deficiencies, challenges, and suggestions to overcome them is presented.

Incorporating Optical Fiber Sensors into Fabrics

2005 ◽  
Vol 870 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dhawan ◽  
T. K. Ghosh ◽  
J. F. Muth
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensors ◽  
Fiber Sensors ◽  
Nonwoven Fabrics ◽  
Micron Diameter ◽  
Environmental Robustness ◽  
Alternative Processes

Optical fiber sensors have many attractive attributes including high sensitivity, environmental robustness, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and the ability to be remotely interrogated. Furthermore, by incorporating optical fibers into woven and nonwoven fabrics these sensors can be distributed across large areas. In woven optical fibers, microscopic bending is an issue due to the fibers going over and under the yarns. Microscopic and macroscopic bending losses are quantified by placing optical fibers on frames of different radii of curvature and measuring the loss of transmitted light. As an example of the non-woven process, electrospinning was used to overlay a net of sub-micron diameter fibers over the optical fibers. This protects the optical fiber, holds it in place, while still permitting flexibility. To form chemical sensors, standard telecommunications grade optical fibers were tapered such that the evanescent wave extended into the environment. Coating the fibers with a thin layer of gold then permits surface plasmon sensors to be formed. However, the resulting sensors were very fragile and hard to place into fabrics. As a result alternative processes were developed that form fiber structures that are robust enough to withstand textile manufacturing processes yet still allow interaction with the environment.

scholarly journals A Review of Coating Materials Used to Improve the Performance of Optical Fiber Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 4215
Author(s):  
Changxu Li ◽  
Wenlong Yang ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Xiaoyang Yu ◽  
Jianying Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Optical Materials ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensors ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Fiber Sensors ◽  
Specific Recognition ◽  
Thermal Expansion Coefficients

In order to improve the performance of fiber sensors and fully tap the potential of optical fiber sensors, various optical materials have been selectively coated on optical fiber sensors under the background of the rapid development of various optical materials. On the basis of retaining the original characteristics of the optical fiber sensors, the coated sensors are endowed with new characteristics, such as high sensitivity, strong structure, and specific recognition. Many materials with a large thermal optical coefficient and thermal expansion coefficients are applied to optical fibers, and the temperature sensitivities are improved several times after coating. At the same time, fiber sensors have more intelligent sensing capabilities when coated with specific recognition materials. The same/different kinds of materials combined with the same/different fiber structures can produce different measurements, which is interesting. This paper summarizes and compares the fiber sensors treated by different coating materials.

Integration of Nanoparticles Into and Onto Optical Fiber Sensors

2005 ◽  
Vol 900 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dhawan ◽  
J. F. Muth
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensors ◽  
Optical Switches ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Fiber Sensors ◽  
Graded Index ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Beam Deposition

ABSTRACTMetallic and semi-conducting nano-particles were incorporated into and on the surface of optical fibers to form sensors and other optoelectronic devices on standard telecommunications grade optical fibers. Optical fibers provide a macroscopic platform to exploit the wide range of functionality inherent in nanostructures and nano-particles. Several ways of forming sensitive and robust chemical sensors, based on plasmon resonances of metallic islands and nano-particles, were demonstrated. These nano-particles were formed on tip or surface of the optical fibers by thermal or plasma arc annealing of very thin (4 -12 nm) gold films, that were deposited by electron beam deposition and sputtering. Development of in-line optical fiber structures, involving single mode or multimode optical fibers fused to an arrangement of coreless and graded index fibers, was also carried out. This enabled light propagating in the core of the optical fiber to expand to the surface of the coreless fiber and to effectively interact with nano-particles on the surface and the environment. Metallic and semiconducting nano-particles were also incorporated inside an optical fiber matrix and this could enable us to effectively characterize novel materials and possibly form optical switches. Moreover, these optical fiber sensors and devices were integrated into textile structures to explore the possibility of formation of optoelectronic textiles.

Enhanced Optical Fiber Lasers and Optical Fiber Sensors Assisted by Micro-drilled Optical Fibers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Perez-Herrera ◽  
M. Bravo ◽  
P. Roldan-Varona ◽  
D. Leandro ◽  
L. Rodriguez Cobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Fiber Lasers ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensors ◽  
Fiber Sensors

scholarly journals Optical Fiber Sensors by Direct Laser Processing: A Review

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 6971
Author(s):  
David Pallarés-Aldeiturriaga ◽  
Pablo Roldán-Varona ◽  
Luis Rodríguez-Cobo ◽  
José Miguel López-Higuera
Keyword(s):  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Laser Processing ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensors ◽  
Femtosecond Laser Irradiation ◽  
Fiber Sensors ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Rayleigh Backscattering ◽  
Direct Laser

The consolidation of laser micro/nano processing technologies has led to a continuous increase in the complexity of optical fiber sensors. This new avenue offers novel possibilities for advanced sensing in a wide set of application sectors and, especially in the industrial and medical fields. In this review, the most important transducing structures carried out by laser processing in optical fiber are shown. The work covers different types of fiber Bragg gratings with an emphasis in the direct-write technique and their most interesting inscription configurations. Along with gratings, cladding waveguide structures in optical fibers have reached notable importance in the development of new optical fiber transducers. That is why a detailed study is made of the different laser inscription configurations that can be adopted, as well as their current applications. Microcavities manufactured in optical fibers can be used as both optical transducer and hybrid structure to reach advanced soft-matter optical sensing approaches based on optofluidic concepts. These in-fiber cavities manufactured by femtosecond laser irradiation followed by chemical etching are promising tools for biophotonic devices. Finally, the enhanced Rayleigh backscattering fibers by femtosecond laser dots inscription are also discussed, as a consequence of the new sensing possibilities they enable.

scholarly journals Truly Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring: From the Telecommunication Optical Fiber Drawling Tower to Water Leakage Detection in Dikes and Concrete Structure Strain Monitoring

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marie Henault ◽  
Gautier Moreau ◽  
Sylvain Blairon ◽  
Jean Salin ◽  
Jean-Robert Courivaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Brillouin Scattering ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensors ◽  
Leakage Detection ◽  
Strain Sensing ◽  
Water Leakage ◽  
Fiber Sensors ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Water Leakage Detection

Although optical fiber sensors have been developed for 30 years, there is a gap between lab experiments and field applications. This article focuses on specific methods developed to evaluate the whole sensing chain, with an emphasis on (i) commercially-available optoelectronic instruments and (ii) sensing cable. A number of additional considerations for a successful pairing of these two must be taken into account for successful field applications. These considerations are further developed within this article and illustrated with practical applications of water leakage detection in dikes and concrete structures monitoring, making use of distributed temperature and strain sensing based on Rayleigh, Raman, and Brillouin scattering in optical fibers. They include an adequate choice of working wavelengths, dedicated localization processes, choices of connector type, and further include a useful selection of traditional reference sensors to be installed nearby the optical fiber sensors, as well as temperature compensation in case of strain sensing.

Application Study on a Detecting Tube for Deformation Settlement Monitoring for Earth Dike Based on Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors

2011 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 327-331
Author(s):  
Ping Yu Zhu ◽  
Hua Lei ◽  
Yuan Bao Leng
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Fem Analysis ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensors ◽  
Earth Dam ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Fiber Sensors ◽  
Application Study ◽  
Distributed Optical Fiber ◽  
Settlement Monitoring

A monitoring structure has been designed to detect settlement using a tube with distributed optical fiber sensors inside. The strain of the optical fibers inside the detecting tube was calculated to estimate the settlement degree of earth dam. The Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis of the tube interaction with the earth dam by ANSYS software is applied to find the best installation location of the detecting tube.

Optical-Fiber Sensors: An Overview

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Material Characterization ◽  
Chemical Sensing ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensors ◽  
Bragg Grating ◽  
Fiber Sensors ◽  
Fiber Sensing ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensing

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the field of optical-fiber sensing, including a brief introduction to the properties of optical fibers that make them suitable for material characterization and monitoring. Some of the recent developments in the field are described, with an emphasis on Bragg grating sensors, multiplexed systems, and chemical sensing, as well as the new field of microstructured fiber.

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