scholarly journals Optical Fiber Sensors by Direct Laser Processing: A Review

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 6971
Author(s):  
David Pallarés-Aldeiturriaga ◽  
Pablo Roldán-Varona ◽  
Luis Rodríguez-Cobo ◽  
José Miguel López-Higuera
Keyword(s):  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Laser Processing ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensors ◽  
Femtosecond Laser Irradiation ◽  
Fiber Sensors ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Rayleigh Backscattering ◽  
Direct Laser

The consolidation of laser micro/nano processing technologies has led to a continuous increase in the complexity of optical fiber sensors. This new avenue offers novel possibilities for advanced sensing in a wide set of application sectors and, especially in the industrial and medical fields. In this review, the most important transducing structures carried out by laser processing in optical fiber are shown. The work covers different types of fiber Bragg gratings with an emphasis in the direct-write technique and their most interesting inscription configurations. Along with gratings, cladding waveguide structures in optical fibers have reached notable importance in the development of new optical fiber transducers. That is why a detailed study is made of the different laser inscription configurations that can be adopted, as well as their current applications. Microcavities manufactured in optical fibers can be used as both optical transducer and hybrid structure to reach advanced soft-matter optical sensing approaches based on optofluidic concepts. These in-fiber cavities manufactured by femtosecond laser irradiation followed by chemical etching are promising tools for biophotonic devices. Finally, the enhanced Rayleigh backscattering fibers by femtosecond laser dots inscription are also discussed, as a consequence of the new sensing possibilities they enable.

Fabrication of Optical Fiber Sensors Based on Femtosecond Laser Micro Machining

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengfeng Zhou ◽  
Seunghwan Jo ◽  
Xingyu Fu ◽  
Jung-Ting Tsai ◽  
Martin Byung-Guk Jun
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Refractive Index Change ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensors ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Fiber Sensors ◽  
The Core ◽  
First Time

Abstract In this research, we proposed fabrication process of optical fiber sensors using femtosecond laser and their applications. A beam of femtosecond laser was focused by an objective lens in the optical fiber. By testing different conditions, a group of machining parameters was found that achieve a minimum machining resolution of 3.2 μm. To ablate the core of the optical fiber, which is buried deep inside the cladding, precisely, part of the cladding was removed to expose the core as close as possible to the air. By making a complex pattern to modify the optical path of the laser inside an optical fiber, a sensitivity of 942.8–1015.6 nm per refractive index unit (nm/RIU) was obtained for liquid refractive index sensing. For another sensor, a sensitivity of 1.38 × 105 nm/RIU was obtained, which is high enough to detect small amount of refractive index change of air. It is known to be the first time that we fabricated a complex microstructure in an optical fiber to modify the propagation of the light using femtosecond laser. This research shows the possibility of a complex modification of light in an optical fiber using laser machining.

Enhanced Optical Fiber Lasers and Optical Fiber Sensors Assisted by Micro-drilled Optical Fibers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Perez-Herrera ◽  
M. Bravo ◽  
P. Roldan-Varona ◽  
D. Leandro ◽  
L. Rodriguez Cobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Fiber Lasers ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensors ◽  
Fiber Sensors

scholarly journals Carbon Allotrope-Based Optical Fibers for Environmental and Biological Sensing: A Review

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Hui Kit Yap ◽  
Kok Ken Chan ◽  
Swee Chuan Tjin ◽  
Ken-Tye Yong
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensors ◽  
Functional Coating ◽  
Fiber Sensors ◽  
Carbon Allotrope ◽  
Carbon Allotropes ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Wide Range

Recently, carbon allotropes have received tremendous research interest and paved a new avenue for optical fiber sensing technology. Carbon allotropes exhibit unique sensing properties such as large surface to volume ratios, biocompatibility, and they can serve as molecule enrichers. Meanwhile, optical fibers possess a high degree of surface modification versatility that enables the incorporation of carbon allotropes as the functional coating for a wide range of detection tasks. Moreover, the combination of carbon allotropes and optical fibers also yields high sensitivity and specificity to monitor target molecules in the vicinity of the nanocoating surface. In this review, the development of carbon allotropes-based optical fiber sensors is studied. The first section provides an overview of four different types of carbon allotropes, including carbon nanotubes, carbon dots, graphene, and nanodiamonds. The second section discusses the synthesis approaches used to prepare these carbon allotropes, followed by some deposition techniques to functionalize the surface of the optical fiber, and the associated sensing mechanisms. Numerous applications that have benefitted from carbon allotrope-based optical fiber sensors such as temperature, strain, volatile organic compounds and biosensing applications are reviewed and summarized. Finally, a concluding section highlighting the technological deficiencies, challenges, and suggestions to overcome them is presented.

scholarly journals Truly Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring: From the Telecommunication Optical Fiber Drawling Tower to Water Leakage Detection in Dikes and Concrete Structure Strain Monitoring

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marie Henault ◽  
Gautier Moreau ◽  
Sylvain Blairon ◽  
Jean Salin ◽  
Jean-Robert Courivaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Brillouin Scattering ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensors ◽  
Leakage Detection ◽  
Strain Sensing ◽  
Water Leakage ◽  
Fiber Sensors ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Water Leakage Detection

Although optical fiber sensors have been developed for 30 years, there is a gap between lab experiments and field applications. This article focuses on specific methods developed to evaluate the whole sensing chain, with an emphasis on (i) commercially-available optoelectronic instruments and (ii) sensing cable. A number of additional considerations for a successful pairing of these two must be taken into account for successful field applications. These considerations are further developed within this article and illustrated with practical applications of water leakage detection in dikes and concrete structures monitoring, making use of distributed temperature and strain sensing based on Rayleigh, Raman, and Brillouin scattering in optical fibers. They include an adequate choice of working wavelengths, dedicated localization processes, choices of connector type, and further include a useful selection of traditional reference sensors to be installed nearby the optical fiber sensors, as well as temperature compensation in case of strain sensing.

Application Study on a Detecting Tube for Deformation Settlement Monitoring for Earth Dike Based on Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors

2011 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 327-331
Author(s):  
Ping Yu Zhu ◽  
Hua Lei ◽  
Yuan Bao Leng
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Fem Analysis ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensors ◽  
Earth Dam ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Fiber Sensors ◽  
Application Study ◽  
Distributed Optical Fiber ◽  
Settlement Monitoring

A monitoring structure has been designed to detect settlement using a tube with distributed optical fiber sensors inside. The strain of the optical fibers inside the detecting tube was calculated to estimate the settlement degree of earth dam. The Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis of the tube interaction with the earth dam by ANSYS software is applied to find the best installation location of the detecting tube.

Optical-Fiber Sensors: An Overview

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Material Characterization ◽  
Chemical Sensing ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensors ◽  
Bragg Grating ◽  
Fiber Sensors ◽  
Fiber Sensing ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensing

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the field of optical-fiber sensing, including a brief introduction to the properties of optical fibers that make them suitable for material characterization and monitoring. Some of the recent developments in the field are described, with an emphasis on Bragg grating sensors, multiplexed systems, and chemical sensing, as well as the new field of microstructured fiber.

Optical Fibers on Medical Instrumentation

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
J. P. Carmo ◽  
J. E. Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Fiber Bragg Gratings ◽  
Bragg Gratings ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensors ◽  
The State ◽  
Medical Instrumentation ◽  
Fiber Sensors

This paper provides a revision with the state-of-the-art related to the use of optical fiber sensors on medical instrumentation. Two types of optical fiber sensors are the focus of review: conventional optical fibers for communications and fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs).

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