scholarly journals Estimating the Number of Agricultural Fatal Injuries Prevented by Agricultural Engineering Developments in the United States

Safety ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Salah F. Issa ◽  
Kiana Patrick ◽  
Steven Thomson ◽  
Bradley Rein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Status ◽  
United States Bureau ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Agricultural Safety ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fatal Injuries

Agriculture has been consistently marked as one of the deadliest industries by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). While this statistic is widely used in promoting agricultural safety and health, it does not paint a complete picture on the current status of agricultural safety and the advances that have been made in the last century. For example, even with a stagnant rate of injury, the BLS has reported that fatal incidents decreased from a high of 855 incidents in 1993 to a low of 500 incidents in 2013. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact that agricultural engineering developments had on reducing fatal injuries. Agricultural engineering developments are defined as any agricultural improvement that results in a direct reduction in the amount of labor needed. This study uses existing federal agricultural statistical, injury and demographic data to calculate the impact that engineering, in contrast to yield improvements and safety enhancements, contributed to a reduction in the number of fatal incidents. The study found that engineering developments could have contributed to the reduction in the number of fatal injuries by about 170 incidents from 1992 to 2015. This represents 63% of the total reduction in the number of fatal injuries. In conclusion, agricultural engineering developments play a substantial role in reducing the number of fatal incidents by removing and reducing labor exposure to hazardous environments.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Financial Crisis on Nonfinancial Firms: The Case of Brazilian Corporations and the “Double Circularity” Problem in Transnational Securities Litigation

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Érica Gorga
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Supreme Court Decision ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Securities Litigation ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

AbstractThis Article discusses the impact of the international financial crisis on Brazilian capital markets. While the banking industry was not severely affected, leading nonfinancial corporations experienced severe financial turmoil. Two Brazilian corporations cross-listed in the United States - Sadia S.A. and Aracruz Celulose S.A. - suffered billion-dollar losses when the Brazilian real unexpectedly plummeted in relation to the dollar. Despite earlier disclosure that these companies had engaged only in pure hedging activity, these great losses were found to be the result of their highly speculative trading in currencyderivatives. Consequently, several private lawsuits were filed both in the United States and in Brazil.This Article takes a novel approach to the transnational securities litigation debate by examining the particular consequences of private litigation in a developed and in an emerging country. It compares the types of lawsuits filed and their final outcomes. Despite substantially similar alleged wrongdoing, the outcomes for securities holders in each jurisdiction contrast strikingly. Only U.S. investors of both companies were able to obtain substantial financial recoveries; Brazilian investors obtained none. This Article examines the reasons behind these discrepant results and the consequent economic distributional effects on global securities markets after the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Morrison.The Article argues that Morrison aggravates such (i) shareholder cross-border non pro rata compensation and (ii) transfers of company value from foreign to U.S. investors. It identifies a set of costs borne by foreign investors, and so far neglected by scholars, as a consequence of the current status of U.S. and international securities law regimes. These costs are the result not only of the typical “circularity problem” in securities litigation, but also of a “double circularity problem” as they fall on foreign shareholders who also suffered equivalent damages to those experienced by the U.S. class being compensated. The Article then discusses potential policy reforms for fixing transnational securities litigation.

Epilogue

Coming Home ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 198-204
Author(s):  
Wendy Kline
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Home Birth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nurse Midwives ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Collaborative Efforts

In September 2014, 93 delegates participated in the third Home Birth Summit at the “discreet, quintessentially Northwest hideaway” Cedarbrook Lodge outside of Seattle, Washington. Nurse-midwives, direct-entry midwives, obstetricians, general practitioners, nurses, activists, philosophers, historians, epidemiologists, activists, a documentary filmmaker, and representatives from ACNM, MANA, and ACOG wrangled with the current policies, regulation, evidence, and ethics of home birth in the United States. This epilogue explores the impact of the Home Birth Summit on current debates on childbirth and midwifery. What is missing in 21st-century reports of the current status of midwifery, birthplace options, and birth outcomes is an awareness of the earlier collaborative efforts between some doctors, midwives, and consumers. Despite competition, criticism, and crises, attempts to improve the birthing experience started well before the year 2000. Many individuals and organizations confronted legislative, professional, and educational hurdles, determined to make birth both safe and meaningful for everyone involved.

International Sister Students Today

2019 ◽  
pp. 143-168
Author(s):  
Mary Johnson ◽  
Mary L. Gautier ◽  
Patricia Wittberg ◽  
Thu T. Do
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Women Religious ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Catholic Colleges ◽  
Catholic Colleges And Universities ◽  
Religious Institutes ◽  
Support Resources ◽  
The Impact

This chapter provides demographic data on international sisters who are currently studying in the United States. It describes how U.S. Catholic colleges and universities and institutes of women religious collaborate in providing education for these sisters by using two types of qualitative data. The chapter includes interviews with administrators of Catholic universities and religious institutes. It also includes some data from the survey of international sisters who are students in the United States. The chapter describes pathways to the universities and the types of support resources that international sisters receive from universities and religious institutes. It describes the impact that international sisters have on fellow students and, upon their return, on their home countries.

scholarly journals Quality of Life (QoL) Is Reduced in Those with Severe COVID-19 Disease, Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19, and Hospitalization in United States Adults from Northern Colorado

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11048
Author(s):  
Kim McFann ◽  
Baxter A. Baxter ◽  
Stephanie M. LaVergne ◽  
Sophia Stromberg ◽  
Kailey Berry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
United States ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Northern Colorado ◽  
Role Limitation ◽  
The Impact

The longitudinal quality of life (QoL) of COVID-19 survivors, especially those with post-acute sequelae (PASC) is not well described. We evaluated QoL in our COVID-19 survivor cohort over 6 months using the RAND SF-36 survey. From July 2020–March 2021 we enrolled 110 adults from the United States with a positive SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) into the Northern Colorado Coronavirus Biobank (NoCo-COBIO). Demographic data and symptom surveillance were collected from 62 adults. In total, 42% were hospitalized, and 58% were non-hospitalized. The Rand SF-36 consists of 36 questions and 8 scales, and questions are scored 0–100. A lower-scale score indicates a lower QoL. In conclusion, hospitalization, PASC, and disease severity were associated with significantly lower scores on the RAND SF-36 in Physical Functioning, Role Limitation due to Physical Health, Energy/Fatigue, Social Functioning, and General Health. Long-term monitoring of COVID-19 survivors is needed to fully understand the impact of the disease on QoL and could have implications for interventions to alleviate suffering during recovery.

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